Comments:SKE 25 (Kor.-Tung.). An expressive word with not quite secure vocalic correspondences (cf. also in Turkic: Uzb. čụčɔq 'penis' (of a child) = Kirgh. čüčök 'острица, брань по поводу детей', Khal. čučo 'pee' (in childr. language); cf. also *č`eč`u 'flower'.
Comments:EAS 64, KW 443, Лексика 39. A PA derivative *č`iju-k`V is reflected in PT *čɨjɨk = Mong. čiɣig = PTM *čik- = Kor. *čhuk-. Also here probably Kor. čhú-m 'phlegm'. In Japanese (perhaps also in Korean) there is some confusion of this root with *č`aju 'resin, tar' q. v.
Comments:A Western isogloss. Mong. > Tung. (Evk. čigǯan, čigle- etc.), see ТМС 2, 389 (perhaps also Nan. ǯịGda-, ТМС 1, 255) - although Evk. čiki 'stamped snow' must be genuine.
Comments:Дыбо 10, Лексика 116. In Jpn. it is difficult (but probably necessary) to distinguish the reflex of this root from *č`i̯ṑk`e 'forage grass' ( > Jpn. *tukusi 'horse-tail') q. v. The Mongolian form also raises problems: it probably reflects a suffixed *č`ik`rV with a development -kr- > -ɣVr- (cf. similarly buɣurčag < *bŭkrV, uɣurga < *uk`rukV / *uk`urkV); otherwise -ɣ- is very hard to explain.
Comments:Poppe 26, JOAL 98, АПиПЯЯ 76; TMN 3, 99 ("möglich, daß hier ein Zusammenhang besteht...Jedoch sind die Wörter anscheinend expressiv, daher nicht gut als urverwandt vergleichbar.")
Comments:A Mong.-Tung. isogloss, and borrowing in Mong. < TM is not excluded (although the meanings differ); in Turkic cf. perhaps Chuv. śomga 'rainbow trout'.
Comments:An Eastern isogloss (but cf. *č`abo, with possible contaminations). In Turk. cf. Chuv. čǝbǝt- 'to pinch' - possibly reflecting a contamination of the above root with Turk. *čɨm- q. v.
Comments:SKE 26 (Tung.-Kor.), АПиПЯЯ 293, Дыбо 8, EAS 63, Лексика 176-177. The vocalism is not quite certain because of expressive changes (Mong. *čuwčali may be < *čiɣu-čali, but -jǝ̄- in Kor. is harder to explain). Cf. *sipV.
Comments:Kor. čhiw- 'cold' is a secondary derivation from čhằ-. Mong. ča-sun may actually reflect a contamination with *čar-sun, cf. *čar 'crust (of snow), наст' (see *č`era); Southern Mongolian languages seem, however, to preserve traces of a velar *čag-su.
Comments:KW 439, Poppe 55, АПиПЯЯ 294 (without the Tung. form), Дыбо 4, Лексика 203. The vocalism is not quite certain: a reconstruction of *-i̯a- is possible if we admit a secondary monophthongization *či̯a- > *ča- in PTM.