Комментарии:It is interesting to note WMong. nom (with a variant lom) '(religious) law, religious book'. It is, of course, a borrowing < OT nom < Sogd. nwm < Gr. nomos, but the variant lom could indicate that there had been an original *lom that merged with the borrowed nom. In that case a reconstruction of *l- for PA would be justified.
Комментарии:Martin 240, Дыбо 10, Robbeets 2000, 104. The root denotes some sort of wild-growing flower (clover, dandelion, shepherd's purse), but - as most plant names - raises some problems. Mong. nimniɣa must represent a transformation of *nin-miɣa, with not quite clear suffixation. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular. If the original Turk. form is *jor-ɨnčka (cf. (QB) jor "porridge" - a semantic derivation like Russ. кашка 'clover'?), it does not belong here. On the other hand, cf. PT *jandak 'name of a thorny plant, camel-thorn, thistle' (EDT 947, VEWT 185). It appears semantically distant from the other forms, but may represent a secondary development due to association with jan- 'burn' ('burning plant'). The reconstruction in this case would have to be changed to *ni̯uńa - better explaining consonant reflexes and Mong. vocalism, but also suggesting a secondary restructuring in Turkic (*jɨn-dak > *jan-dak).
Комментарии:A problematic case. The original meaning may be reconstructed as "main direction" (whence "direction, point of the compass" in Old Turkic and "main riverbed, stem" in TM), with a development > "chief, master" in Jpn. However, Jpn. nusi may belong here only if -si is an original attributive suffix (*nu-si < *nuŋ-si). There is also a very similar root *ńi̯ūnŋe meaning 'direction, sign', with ample opportunity for contaminations - which in fact almost certainly occurred in TM.
Комментарии:ТМС 1, 606 (TM-Mong.). Cf. also MKor. núrí 'paddy pile', núrí- 'pile up paddies or grasses' (see Lee 1958, 116) - because of quite exceptional tone and vocalism probably borrowed from Manchu. The Manchu form, despite Rozycki 163, can be hardly explained as borrowed < Mong. In Turkic cf. perhaps Khak. (Верб.) jurlas 'crosswise supports for the firewood (for better burning)'.
Комментарии:Lee 1958, 116 (Kor.-TM), Дыбо 10. The distinction between *nüre and *nere- in Mong. is somewhat peculiar and may suggest the existence of two original roots.
Комментарии:A rare case of preservation of *-ua- after a labial in PJ; in fact we may be dealing here with a contraction of a more complex underlying form like *majU-ja- (with an original passive suffix).
Комментарии:Mong. *niruɣu probably < *nuriɣu (under the influence of *niruɣu 'back, spine'?). It would be also possible to regard the Manchu form as borrowed < Mong. (but preserving the earlier meaning), in which case the PA reconstruction would be *ni̯ṓru.
Комментарии:SKE 156, АПиПЯЯ 296. The root serves as oblique stem in Mong., which may have been its original function; traces of it may be also discovered in OJ, see above.
