Altaic etymology : Query result

Comments: EAS 91, KW 308, SKE 220 (Doerfer's skepticism in TMN 3, 255 is hardly justified). The variation of *-g- and *-k- in Turkic and Mongolian is suspicious (cf. also the Nanai form pointing rather to *-k-), perhaps indicating that we are dealing with a merger of two different roots - cf. also the variety of reflexes in Korean; cf. also *sak`o and *zi̯úko.

Proto-Altaic: *sálo ( ~ *z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be separated

Russian meaning: отделяться

Mongolian: *sal(u)-

Tungus-Manchu: *salga-

Korean: *sằr-

Japanese: *sár-

Comments: KW 309, Martin 245, Martin 1996, 76, Street 1985, 640.

Proto-Altaic: *saĺ(b)i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: loose

Russian meaning: расслабленный, расслабляться

Turkic: *seĺ-

Mongolian: *sel(b)-, *salb-

Tungus-Manchu: *sala-

Korean: *sǝr-

Comments: KW 323, SKE 227, EAS 72, Street 1980, 296. Cf. also Mong. salaŋ 'negligent, careless' ( > Kirgh. salaq etc., see ЭСТЯ 7, VEWT 397).

Proto-Altaic: *sali

Meaning: to dislike, neglect

Russian meaning: не любить, пренебрегать

Turkic: *sal-

Tungus-Manchu: *sali- / *sel-

Korean: *sirh-

Japanese: *sira-

Comments: SKE 234.

Proto-Altaic: *salkV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of board, frame

Russian meaning: вид доски, деревянная рама

Turkic: *sāl

Mongolian: *salga

Tungus-Manchu: *salk-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sáĺo ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to love

Russian meaning: любить

Tungus-Manchu: *sali-

Korean: *sằràŋ

Japanese: *sású-p-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss; but cf. perhaps also Turk.: Chuv. šъldъr 'beautiful' (Ашм. XVII 289), Yak. ɨllar- 'сильно увлекаться'. Cf. also notes to *sa.

Proto-Altaic: *sằmpi

Meaning: quick, short time

Russian meaning: быстрый, короткий промежуток времени

Turkic: *sAp ( ~ -b)

Mongolian: *samba-ga(n)

Tungus-Manchu: *sampa-

Korean: *spằrằ-

Japanese: *sìmpà-raku

Comments: Kor. has a usual vowel reduction between a fricative and a stop.

Proto-Altaic: *sằmù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: tar, soot, fumigation

Russian meaning: деготь, сажа; окуривание

Turkic: *samala ?

Tungus-Manchu: *samŋī-n

Japanese: *sùmì

Comments: Phonetically a good match, but otherwise not quite reliable: if the Turkic parallel is to be removed as a late loanword, the semantic match between 'fumigation' in TM and 'charcoal' in Japanese becomes less convincing.

Proto-Altaic: *sám[u]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shaman

Russian meaning: шаман

Mongolian: *süme

Tungus-Manchu: *samā-n

Japanese: *súmiá-

Comments: Ozawa 117-118, JOAL 68. The parallel seems interesting, but front vocalism in Mong. demands some special explanation.

Proto-Altaic: *sáńo ( ~ z-)

Meaning: hole, interval

Russian meaning: отверстие, промежуток

Tungus-Manchu: *saŋa-

Korean: *sằńí

Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss; valid if TM *saŋa- < *sań-ga-.

Proto-Altaic: *sańV(-k`V)

Meaning: bird dung

Russian meaning: птичий помет

Turkic: *saŋk

Mongolian: *saŋga-

Tungus-Manchu: *sańa

Comments: KW 313, Лексика 151, ЭСТЯ 7. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sanǯV ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hang down, lower

Russian meaning: свисать, опускать

Mongolian: *sanǯi-

Tungus-Manchu: *sanǯika

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. Note also Tar. saŋgila- 'herabhängen (von den Ohren)' (KW 312, VEWT 400) - hardly a loanword from Mong, but phonetically strange (why -g-?).

Proto-Altaic: *saŋe ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to envy

Russian meaning: завидовать

Tungus-Manchu: *saŋgu-

Korean: *sài'ó-

Japanese: *sǝnia-m-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss; Mong. *sinu- 'to covet' would fit semantically, but phonetically rather continues PA *si̯ā́ńi q. v.; cf. also *sĭ̀ni.

Proto-Altaic: *sằŋo (~ *z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: cold, cool

Russian meaning: холодный, прохладный

Mongolian: *seɣü-

Tungus-Manchu: *saŋu-n, *saŋu-ksa

Japanese: *sàmù-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 112, 274.

Proto-Altaic: *saŋu(ńV) ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: smoke

Russian meaning: дым

Mongolian: *suwnag

Tungus-Manchu: *saŋńan

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sápa

Meaning: brace, vice

Russian meaning: скоба, тиски

Turkic: *sabak

Mongolian: *sabsalga

Tungus-Manchu: *sabga

Korean: *sàpók

Comments: A common derivative *sápa-kV is reflected in Turkic, TM and Korean.

Proto-Altaic: *sapV ( ~ -e-)

Meaning: to hit, throw

Russian meaning: бить, бросать

Turkic: *saba-

Mongolian: *saba-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss; may be just a specialization of *sĕpo q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *sábó

Meaning: service

Russian meaning: служба

Turkic: *sab-

Mongolian: *sibe-gčin

Tungus-Manchu: *sab-

Japanese: *sámpúrap-

Comments: Дыбо 15 compares Tung. with Turk. *sep- 'to equip, fit out; dowry', but this is phonetically less plausible because of voiceless *-p- in Turkic; see on this root under *si̯ắp`ú.

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