Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯úŕu

Meaning: a k. of vehicle

Russian meaning: вид повозки

Turkic: *Kɨŕak, *Kɨŕagu

Mongolian: *kür-dün

Tungus-Manchu: *kur-

Japanese: *kúrúmá

Comments: Judging from the Turkic evidence, the vehicle in question could have been not a wheeled one, but some kind of sleigh or sledge; however, this may be also a secondary development in Turkic (all other languages point rather to some wheeled carriage or just wheel). Among common derivatives one can mention PT *Kɨŕak = Evn. kūruke-n.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯urumV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wink

Russian meaning: мигать

Turkic: *kirm- / *Kɨrm-

Tungus-Manchu: *korim- / *kirim-

Comments: A Turk.-TM isogloss; cf. *kumi. Doerfer (MT 240) tries to refute the comparison (by deriving the Turk. forms from kirpi "hedgehog" and the TM forms from kiri- "to glitter") - quite unconvincingly.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ùtí

Meaning: a k. of fox

Russian meaning: вид лисы

Mongolian: *küderi

Tungus-Manchu: *kitiri

Japanese: *kìtúnái

Comments: The Mong. form could be alternatively compared with Turk. *Kodan 'hare' (ЭСТЯ 6, 29-30).

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ūč`ú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to slander, swear

Russian meaning: клеветать, ругать

Turkic: *Kɨ̄č-

Mongolian: *koči

Tungus-Manchu: *koči-

Korean: *kùčíčh-

Japanese: *kùntǝ̀-k-

Comments: The tone in Jpn. is irregular; the form should be perhaps separated and compared with Mong. qaǯi- 'to hate, blame, tease' (L 948), allowing to reconstruct a separate PA root *kadu ( ~ k`-, -e-).

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ū́di

Meaning: to attend, be respectful

Russian meaning: почитать, прислуживать

Turkic: *gǖd-

Tungus-Manchu: *kidu-

Korean: *kìrí-

Comments: Cf. *kít`u, *gòdè (with possible contaminations).

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ū̀ta ( ~ -t`-)

Meaning: insufficiency, debt

Russian meaning: недостаточность, долг

Turkic: *Kɨt

Tungus-Manchu: *kōta

Japanese: *kàta-

Comments: The basic meaning of the root may be formulated as 'having not enough, insufficience' - whence 'debt', 'miser', 'beggar' etc. A Mongolian match is perhaps *kudal 'lie, liar' ( < 'beggar'?).

Proto-Altaic: *kī̀ŕa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of bird of prey

Russian meaning: вид хищной птицы

Turkic: *Kɨŕ-, *Kɨrguj

Tungus-Manchu: *kīran

Comments: EAS 113, ЭСТЯ 6, 231. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kī́rsu

Meaning: a k. of vessel, receptacle

Russian meaning: вид сосуда, вместилища

Turkic: *gīŕ

Korean: *kɨ̀rɨ́s

Comments: A Turk.-Kor. isogloss. Cf. also Nan. kiriske 'рюмка' (?) (ТМС 1, 398).

Proto-Altaic: *ko ( ~ *k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: this

Russian meaning: этот

Turkic: *Kö

Mongolian: *kü

Korean: *kɨ

Japanese: *kǝ́-

Comments: EAS 46, Martin 244, АПиПЯЯ 56, 49, 277. The root behaves like *kó'e (with a second front vowel).

Proto-Altaic: *kobe ( ~ -i)

Meaning: cloth, clothing

Russian meaning: ткань, одежда

Turkic: *Köbüŕ / *Kebiŕ

Mongolian: *kubča-

Tungus-Manchu: *kuberi

Comments: A Western isogloss; see under *k[ā]p`á about possible mergers.

Proto-Altaic: *kóbe ( ~ k`-, -p-, -p`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to freeze

Russian meaning: замерзать

Mongolian: *köbsi-

Japanese: *kǝ́pǝ́r-

Comments: Ozawa 84. A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss. It is interesting to note Evk. dial. kiwšim 'fine snow' ( < Mong.?).

Proto-Altaic: *kŏ́bú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hollow, cavity

Russian meaning: полость, углубление

Turkic: *Kobuk

Mongolian: *koɣu-su

Tungus-Manchu: *kobi / kebi(ŋe)

Korean: *kōr- (?)

Japanese: *kúmpuá

Comments: SKE 122. Cf. *gúpu. The Kor. form *kōr- presupposes *kobVr-; however, it is only found in SKE and may be in fact = *kòrh- 'be hungry, empty' (see *górà).

Proto-Altaic: *kóčè

Meaning: to nomadize, transport

Russian meaning: кочевать, транспортировать

Turkic: *göč-

Mongolian: *köske

Tungus-Manchu: *kuči- ( ~ -š-)

Japanese: *kǝ́sì

Comments: Poppe 63, KW 241, Владимирцов 377; Лексика 490; TMN 3, 633 ("...nicht hinreichend gesichert"). Despite Щербак 1997, 127, not borrowed in Mong. < Turk. (see also Clark 1980, 56); -s- instead of the expected -č- in Mong. is due to a position within the cluster (köske = köčke). -č- (or *-š-) in Evk. is, however, more difficult to account for (*-s- would be expected normally), which means that the Evk. words may actually be borrowed < Yakut.

Proto-Altaic: *koč`V ( ~ k`-, -č-)

Meaning: ram

Russian meaning: баран

Turkic: *Koč

Mongolian: *kuča

Comments: Poppe 62. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss, but hardly borrowed, despite TMN 3, 540, Щербак 1997, 139.

Proto-Altaic: *kogĺu ( ~ -o, -a)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pipe, chimney

Russian meaning: труба, дымоход

Turkic: *Koguĺ

Mongolian: *koɣul-aj

Tungus-Manchu: *kula-n

Comments: Владимирцов 365, Poppe 77 (Turk.-Mong.), Дыбо 46. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kŏ̀k`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: breast, to suck; heart

Russian meaning: грудь (ж.), сосать; сердце

Turkic: *göküŕ

Mongolian: *kökön

Tungus-Manchu: *xuku-n / *kuku-n

Korean: *kokăi-

Japanese: *kǝ̀kǝ̀rǝ

Comments: Poppe 108, Колесникова 1972а, 78-84, Цинциус 1984, 106-107, Martin 248, Murayama 1962, 111, АПиПЯЯ 15, 32, 280, JOAL 147, Дыбо 13, Лексика 272-273, TMN 1, 482 ("Elementarverwandtschaft?"), Doerfer MT 142. Mongolian and TM have a parallel verbal stem 'to suck (breast)', thus the probable semantic development here is 'to suck (breast)' > '(female) breast' > 'breast (in general)' > 'heart'.

Proto-Altaic: *kŏ̀k`ò

Meaning: rubbish, dirt

Russian meaning: мусор, грязь

Turkic: *Kok

Mongolian: *kokir

Tungus-Manchu: *kuk-pun

Japanese: *kǝ̀k- ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: An expressive root. Cf. also Turk. *Kɨg 'dung' (VEWT 261), *Kakač id. (EDT 610).

Proto-Altaic: *kòĺbèk`V ( ~ -o-)

Meaning: hub, wheel hub

Russian meaning: втулка (колеса)

Turkic: *Koĺ-luk