Comments:KW 186. Cf. MKor. kàrm- (Whitman kălm-, SKE ka̯m-) 'to hide, put away'? Cf. also *k`ùre 'basket' - with a possibility of contaminations in Mong.
Comments:An Eastern isogloss; but cf. also WMong. kösür-sün (Kalm. kösrsn) 'dung' = OJ kùswò id.; WMong. kusam 'sediment in a pot after boiling milk' (MGCD 392); Yak. kuha-ɣan, Dolg. kuha-gan 'bad' (Stachowski 159). Kor. has a usual verbal low tone.
Comments:EAS 96, KW 249, Владимирцов 165, Poppe 63, 112, АПиПЯЯ 16. High tone in Kor. is not clear. Despite TMN 3, 627, Щербак 1997, 128, Mong. is hardly borrowed from Turkic; TM cannot be borrowed from Mong., despite Rozycki 113. In АПиПЯЯ (p. 77) the root was compared with PJ *kìsV- 'to contest'. The latter, however, has better Tungus parallels: TM *gali- 'to contest' (ТМС 1, 138), see *gaĺi.
Comments:Дыбо 9, Лексика 172, Whitman 1985, 183, 222. Kor. has an irregular low tone. The root is onomatopeic and the medial consonant behaves irregularly in TM (various assimilations are attested). In Turkic the root could additionally contaminate with *ki̯òpù q. v. The Altaic antiquity is, however, beyond doubt.
Comments:АПиПЯЯ 294 (although Jpn. *kǝti is probably to be separated, see *k`ĕdò), Лексика 75. A Western isogloss. The comparison seems quite plausible, although it seems not to have been proposed earlier. The Korean form, compared in SKE 118 with Turk. *gǖŕ (kɨru '2-d harvest in one year') is late attested and probably = kɨru, MKor. kɨ̀rɨ̀h 'stubble'. {Cf. PE *ukju[r] 'winter, autumn, year}.
Comments:KW 199. A Western isogloss. Doerfer (TMN 3, 441) (and Clark 1980, 43) regard Mong. as borrowed from Turk. (saying that the original meaning in Turkic is 'steel' - which is not the case, see EDT 647). On a possible Jpn. reflex see under *k`[ŭ]ri. {ND 1154 gives WMo kürü- 'sharpen an arrow'.}
Comments:SKE 101, Lee 1958, 112. An Eastern isogloss. The Jpn. *kǝ̀tǝ̀ seems a good match, but within Japanese it is rather hard to separate from the homonymous *kǝ̀tǝ̀ 'word, speech' (see *gĕ̀rè(bV)). This is probably a secondary merger, but responsible for the irregular accent correspondence between Kor. and Jpn.