Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kạb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran

Russian meaning: 1 кора 2 скорлупа 3 шелуха 4 отруби, мякина

Old Turkic: qavɨq 4 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qavɨq, qavuq (MK, KB) 4

Turkish: kavuz 3, kavza 2

Uzbek: qɔvuz 3

Uighur: qovzaq 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gavɨz (dial.) 3

Khakassian: xōx 4

Shor: qōq 3, 4

Chuvash: xɨvъx 4

Tuva: xō-tarā 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles'

Kazakh: qavɨz 4

Noghai: qavɨz 4

Karakalpak: qavɨz 4

Kumyk: quvɨq 3

Comments: VEWT 217, EDT 583, ЭСТЯ 5, 173-174, 178-179, Мудрак Дисс. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i̯ā̀bu).

Proto-Turkic: *Kab-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to unite, bring together 2 be brought together

Russian meaning: 1 объединять, собирать 2 собираться

Old Turkic: qavɨr- 1 (OUygh.), qavɨš- 2 (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qavur- 1 (MK, KB), qavɨš- 2 (MK)

Turkish: kavuš- 2

Tatar: qawɨš- 2

Middle Turkic: qavuš- 2 (Qutb, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔwuš- 2

Uighur: dial. qavuš- 2

Sary-Yughur: qawɨs- 2

Azerbaidzhan: Govuš- 2

Turkmen: Govur- 1, Govuš- 2

Oyrat: qabɨr- 1

Chuvash: > Danube Bulg. koubraton 'collector, unifier (of lands)'

Tuva: xavɨr- 1

Tofalar: xabɨr- 1

Kirghiz: qōš- 2

Kazakh: qawɨs- 2

Noghai: qawɨš- 2

Bashkir: qawɨš- 2

Gagauz: qauš- 2

Karaim: qavuš- 2

Karakalpak: qawɨs- 2

Comments: VEWT 216, EDT 585, 588, ЭСТЯ 6, 14-16. OT also has quvra- 'come together, assemble', with a rather strange vocalism (see EDT 586 - but modern forms like qura- are not related, being borrowed from Mong. qura-, qurija-).

Proto-Turkic: *KAbuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bladder

Russian meaning: мочевой пузырь

Old Turkic: qavuq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qavuq (MK)

Turkish: kavuk

Tatar: quwɨq

Middle Turkic: qavuq (AH, MA)

Azerbaidzhan: GovuG

Turkmen: Govuq

Khakassian: xōx

Shor: qōq

Oyrat: kūk

Yakut: xabax

Kazakh: quwɨq

Noghai: quwɨq

Bashkir: qɨwɨq

Balkar: quwuq

Gagauz: qawuq

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 174, EDT 583.

Proto-Turkic: *KAč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 panic and disorder 2 crazy 3 (to act) inimically, cattily 4 annoyance 5 joke 6 to mock

Russian meaning: 1 паника и беспорядок 2 безумный 3 (поступать) назло, злобствовать 4 досада 5 шутка 6 насмехаться

Karakhanid: qačɨš 1 (MK)

Turkish: kačɨk 2

Khakassian: xača- 3, xačaɣ 4

Shor: qaǯaŋ 5

Oyrat: qačaš 3 (adj.)

Tuva: qɨžɨrt- 6

Comments: VEWT 217, EDT 593. MK's gloss is analysed as a reciprocal derivative < *Kač- 'to flee', but this is obviously a folk etymology.

Proto-Turkic: *KAč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run away, flee

Russian meaning: убегать

Old Turkic: qač- (Orkh., Yen.)

Karakhanid: qač- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kač-

Tatar: qač-

Middle Turkic: qač- (Houts., AH, IM, MA)

Uzbek: qɔč-

Uighur: qač-

Azerbaidzhan: Gač-

Turkmen: Gač-

Khakassian: xas-

Shor: qaš-

Oyrat: qač-

Tuva: qaš-

Kirghiz: qač-

Kazakh: qaš-

Noghai: qaš-

Bashkir: qas-

Balkar: qač-

Gagauz: qač-

Karaim: qač-

Karakalpak: qaš-

Kumyk: qač-

Comments: VEWT 217, ЭСТЯ 5, 340-342.

Proto-Turkic: *Kač-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: slanting

Russian meaning: косой

Turkish: kačɨk

Tatar: qaʒaj- (Sib.)

Khakassian: xaǯɨ-, xasxax 'bent backward'

Shor: qazɨr- 'to bend'

Chuvash: xoś- 'to bend'

Tuva: xažɨj-tɨr

Comments: VEWT 217, Ашм. XVI, 242-246.

Proto-Turkic: *KAča-, *KAča-gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to chisel, chisel

Russian meaning: долото, зубило, работать зубилом

Tatar: qaʒau (Sib.)

Kazakh: qaša-, qašau

Bashkir: qasau

Comments: VEWT 217.

Proto-Turkic: *KAč-(g)ač

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: Chinese brocade, woven fabric

Russian meaning: китайская парча, узорная ткань

Karakhanid: qačač (MK)

Comments: EDT 590.

Proto-Turkic: *Kad

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wind, whirlwind

Russian meaning: ветер, вихрь

Karakhanid: qaδ (MK)

Turkish: kaj 'rainy weather'

Middle Turkic: qaj (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)

Turkmen: Gaj

Khakassian: xas

Yakut: xatā- 'to be cold in spring'

Tuva: xat, xadɨ- 'to be frozen',

Tofalar: qat

Kirghiz: qajɨ- 'to be frozen'

Comments: EDT 593, ЭСТЯ 5, 193-194, Лексика 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadgu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sorrow

Russian meaning: печаль

Old Turkic: qadɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɣu (MK, KB)

Turkish: kajɣɨ

Tatar: qajɣɨ

Middle Turkic: qajɣɨ (Qutb., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɛjɣɨ (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɣɨ

Turkmen: GajGɨ

Chuvash: xojɣa

Kirghiz: qajɣɨ

Kazakh: qajɣɨ

Noghai: qajɣɨ

Bashkir: qajɣɨ

Karaim: qajɣɨ

Karakalpak: qajɣɨ

Kumyk: qajɣɨ

Comments: VEWT 217, ЭСТЯ 5, 201-203, Федотов 2, 352-353.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạdɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pine tree

Russian meaning: сосна

Khakassian: xara-xazɨ

Chuvash: xɨrъ

Yakut: kɨtɨan 'juniper'

Tuva: xadɨ

Tofalar: xadɨ

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 291-292, Мудрак Дисс. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-kạdɨ (borrowed in Mong. as qaraɣai 'larch').

Proto-Turkic: *KAdɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wooden trough

Russian meaning: выдолбленная из дерева колода

Karakhanid: qaδɨq (MK: Argu)

Comments: EDT 597. The form, although isolated, is clearly different from *K(i)aj-guk (v. sub *gằjá), attested both in Old Turkic and modern languages.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadɨŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: birch tree

Russian meaning: береза

Karakhanid: qaδɨŋ (MK), qajɨŋ (KB)

Turkish: kajɨn 'beech tree'

Tatar: qajɨn

Middle Turkic: qajɨn (Houts.)

Uzbek: qɛjin

Uighur: qejin

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨn 'maple tree'

Turkmen: Gajɨŋ

Khakassian: xazɨŋ

Shor: qazɨŋ

Oyrat: qajɨŋ

Chuvash: xorъn

Yakut: xatɨŋ

Dolgan: katɨŋ

Tuva: xadɨŋ

Tofalar: qadɨŋ

Kirghiz: qajɨŋ

Kazakh: qajɨŋ

Noghai: qajɨŋ

Bashkir: qajɨn

Karakalpak: qajɨŋ

Comments: VEWT 218, TMN 3, 183, ЭСТЯ 5, 214-215, Лексика 122, Федотов 2, 366, Stachowski 141.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hard, strong, cruel

Russian meaning: крепкий, сильный, жестокий

Old Turkic: qadɨr (Orkh., OUygh.)

Khakassian: xazɨr

Shor: qazɨr

Oyrat: qajɨr

Yakut: xatārɨj- 'вымещать мстительность, неприязнь, злопамятствовать'

Tuva: Todzh. xadɨr

Kirghiz: qajɨr 'contradiction, objection'

Bashkir: qajɨr (dial.)

Balkar: qajɨr 'angry'

Comments: VEWT 218, TMN 3, 378-379, ЭСТЯ 5, 216.

Proto-Turkic: *KAdɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to twist, turn, bend

Russian meaning: поворачивать, гнуть, крутить

Old Turkic: qadar- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɨr- (MK), qadɨr- (MK, KB)

Turkish: dial. gajɨr-

Tatar: qajɨr-

Middle Turkic: qajɨr- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɛjir-

Uighur: qari-, qajrɛ-

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨr-

Turkmen: Gajɨr-

Khakassian: xazɨr-

Oyrat: qajɨr-

Chuvash: xajъr- < Tat.

Kirghiz: qajɨr-

Kazakh: qajɨr-

Noghai: qajɨr-

Bashkir: qajɨr-

Gagauz: qajɨr-

Karaim: qajɨr-

Karakalpak: qajɨr-

Comments: EDT 604, ЭСТЯ 5, 195-197.

Proto-Turkic: *KAdu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to stick in 2 sting 3 to sew

Russian meaning: 1 втыкать 2 жало 3 сшивать строчкой, оторачивать, вышивать

Karakhanid: qaδu- (MK) 3

Tatar: qajɨ- 3, Sib. qajal- 'to be piqued'

Turkmen: Gaja- 3

Khakassian: xaza- 1

Kirghiz: qajɨ- 1

Kazakh: qajɨ- 3

Noghai: qajɨ- 3

Bashkir: qaj- 3, qajaw 2

Karakalpak: qajɨ- 3

Kumyk: qajɨ- 3

Comments: EDT 596, ЭСТЯ 5, 180-181. The root should be distinguished from *Kāta- 'to stick in, nail' (v. sub *kā́jta).

Proto-Turkic: *KAgur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: doll

Russian meaning: кукла

Karakhanid: qoδurčuq (MK)

Turkish: dial. kurčak

Tatar: qurčaq

Middle Turkic: qawurčaq (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.), qavur (R)

Uzbek: qụɣirčɔq

Uighur: qo(r)čaq, dial. qoɣurčaq

Turkmen: Gurǯaq

Kirghiz: qūrčaq

Kazakh: quwɨršaq

Noghai: quwɨršaq

Bashkir: qursaq

Karakalpak: quwɨršaq

Kumyk: qurčaq

Comments: VEWT 220, EDT 587, 606, ЭСТЯ 6, 161-163. Modern reflexes point quite clearly to *-g- (less probably - *-b-), so the attested form with -δ- must be a phonetic aberration. Interference with OT qoduz 'femme s{eu}le' (suggested in Tekin 1969 and ЭСТЯ ibid.) is not excluded, but cf. also the notes below.

Proto-Turkic: *KAgur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to roast, fry

Russian meaning: жарить

Karakhanid: qaɣur-, qoɣur-, qovur- (MK)

Turkish: kavur-

Tatar: quwɨr-

Middle Turkic: qavur- (Houts., Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qɔwur-, dial. qɔɣur-

Uighur: qoru-

Azerbaidzhan: Govur-

Turkmen: Govur-, Gavɨr- (А-Б)

Khakassian: xōr-

Shor: qōr-

Oyrat: kūr-

Tuva: xōr-

Kirghiz: kūr(u)-

Kazakh: quwɨr-

Noghai: quwɨr-

Bashkir: quwɨr-, dial. qɨwɨr-

Gagauz: qa'ur-

Karaim: qavur-

Karakalpak: quwɨr-

Comments: VEWT 220, ЭСТЯ 5, 175-177.

Proto-Turkic: *KAj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to turn back 2 to show respect 3 to squint; to move to smb.'s side 4 to run towards 5 to go past, around

Russian meaning: 1 оборачиваться 2 выказывать уважение 3 косить глазами; переходить на чью-л. сторону 4 бежать к 5 обойти, пройти мимо

Old Turkic: qaj- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qaj- (MK) 1, 2

Turkish: kaj- 3

Sary-Yughur: qajla- 4

Khakassian: xaj- 2

Oyrat: qaj- (R) 2

Tuva: xaj- 5

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5 208-209, EDT 674. Stachowski 137 adds Yak. xaj̃ɨs-, Dolg. kańɨs- '(to turn and) look around', which would change the reconstruction to *KAń-; however, there are no other traces of a nasal in the root, and the comparison looks somewhat dubious.

Proto-Turkic: *KAj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 shaman spirit 2 throat singing

Russian meaning: 1 шаманский дух 2 горловое пение

Sary-Yughur: qaj 1

Khakassian: xaj 2

Shor: qajla- 2

Oyrat: qajla- 2

Chuvash: > Mari xoj 'Gespräch'

Comments: VEWT 221. If the original meaning is 'air movement' (cf. the external evidence), cf. also Chuv. kü 'strong odour'.