Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *KArs

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of upper clothes

Russian meaning: вид верхней одежды

Karakhanid: qars (MK)

Middle Turkic: qars (Pav. C.)

Uighur: bel-qɛrs, qol-qɛrs

Oyrat: qaris 'a k. of textile' (dial.)

Kirghiz: qars

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 312.

Proto-Turkic: *KArsak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: steppe fox

Russian meaning: степная лиса

Old Turkic: qarsaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarsaq (MK)

Tatar: qarsaq

Middle Turkic: qarsaq (IM, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: qɛrsɔq

Turkmen: Garsaq

Kirghiz: qarsaq

Kazakh: qarsaq

Noghai: qarsaq

Bashkir: qarhaq

Karakalpak: qarsaq

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 313, Лексика 161, TMN 3, 442.

Proto-Turkic: *Kartal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: variegated (sheep)

Russian meaning: пестрый (баран)

Karakhanid: qartal qoj (MK)

Comments: EDT 648-649.

Proto-Turkic: *Kas

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: skin, shell, peel, bark

Russian meaning: кожа, скорлупа, кора

Old Turkic: qasuq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qas, qasuq (MK)

Halaj: qā̊s

Comments: EDT 665, 666, ЭСТЯ 5 328. The root should be distinguished from *Kaŕ (v. sub *k`éŕà). Note that in Siberian languages the reflexes of *ŕ and *s coincide, so all the forms attributed to *Kaŕ can also reflect PT *Kas.

Proto-Turkic: *Kasɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: enclosure

Russian meaning: загон, огороженное место

Karakhanid: qasɨ (MK)

Turkish: qasu (dial.)

Chuvash: xožъ 'space, surroundings'

Tuva: qazanaq 'shed, kennel'

Comments: EDT 666, ЭСТЯ 5, 346-347.

Proto-Turkic: *Kasɨrku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: whirlwind

Russian meaning: вихрь

Karakhanid: qasɨrqu (MK)

Turkish: kasɨrɣa

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) qasɨrqa (Houts.), qasurɣa (AH)

Azerbaidzhan: Gasɨrɣa

Chuvash: kozъrga

Tuva: qazɨrɣɨ

Tofalar: qa'sɨrɣɨ

Comments: VEWT 240, ЭСТЯ 5, 332, Лексика 43, Ашм. VII, 20. Chuvash has an irregular form with initial k- (*x- would be expected). But it can hardly be a borrowing from Volga-Kypchak languages.

Proto-Turkic: *Kat

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 berry 2 blackberry

Russian meaning: 1 ягода 2 смородина

Karakhanid: qat (MK) 1

Turkish: kara-kat 'chestnut' (dial.)

Tatar: qara-ɣat 2 (dial.)

Uzbek: qɔrɛ-ɣɛt 2

Azerbaidzhan: Gara-ɣat 2

Khakassian: xat 1

Oyrat: qat 'blackberry, bramble'

Tuva: qa't, Todzh. xat 1

Kirghiz: qara-ɣat 1, 2

Kazakh: qat 1

Bashkir: qara-ɣat 2

Comments: VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 332-333, Лексика 121.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hard

Russian meaning: твердый

Old Turkic: qatɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qatɨɣ (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: kat (dial.)

Tatar: qatɨ

Middle Turkic: qatɨɣ (MA)

Uzbek: qɔtiq

Uighur: qetiq

Azerbaidzhan: Gatɨ

Turkmen: Gat, Gatɨ

Khakassian: xatɨɣ

Shor: qadɨɣ

Oyrat: qatū

Chuvash: xɨdъ

Yakut: kɨtānax

Dolgan: kɨtānak

Tuva: qa'dɨɣ

Kirghiz: qatū

Kazakh: qattɨ

Noghai: qat

Bashkir: qatɨ

Karakalpak: qattɨ

Kumyk: qatɨ

Comments: EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- 'to dry up' (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatɨɣ also probably has -t- under Mong. influence.

Proto-Turkic: *Kat-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake

Russian meaning: 1 топить печь 2 огниво 3 печь

Chuvash: xot- 1

Yakut: xatat 2

Kirghiz: qatɨr- 3

Comments: Ашм. XVI, 256, ЭСТЯ 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltaš 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Федотов 2, 372).

Proto-Turkic: *Kat-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mix, add, tie to

Russian meaning: смешивать, добавлять

Old Turkic: qat- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qat- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kat-

Tatar: qat-

Middle Turkic: qat- (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Qutb.)

Uighur: qat-

Azerbaidzhan: Gat-

Turkmen: Gat-

Khakassian: xat-

Shor: qat-

Oyrat: qat-

Chuvash: xodъš 'mixture'

Yakut: xat- (but kɨtar- 'to mix')

Dolgan: kat-

Tuva: qa't-

Tofalar: qa't-

Kirghiz: qat-

Kazakh: qat-

Noghai: qat-

Bashkir: qat-

Balkar: qat-

Karakalpak: qat-

Kumyk: qat-

Comments: EDT 594-595, VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 336, 337-338, Stachowski 141, Федотов 2, 373-374.

Proto-Turkic: *Kat

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: layer

Russian meaning: слой

Old Turkic: qat (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qat (MK, KB)

Turkish: kat

Tatar: qat

Middle Turkic: qat (Houts., AH, IM, MA)

Uzbek: qɔt, dial. qɛt

Uighur: qat

Azerbaidzhan: Gat

Turkmen: Gat

Khakassian: xat

Oyrat: qat

Chuvash: xut

Yakut: xat 'double, X times'

Dolgan: kat 'X times'

Tuva: qa't

Kirghiz: qat

Bashkir: qat

Karakalpak: qat

Kumyk: qat

Comments: VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 335-336, TMN 3, 419, Stachowski 140, Ашм. XVI, 250-255, Федотов 2, 371-372. The original meaning must have been "one of two layers" - as witnessed by the Yak. meaning and by external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *KAt (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a fabulous animal, unicorn

Russian meaning: сказочное животное, единорог

Old Turkic: qat (OUygh.: Chin.-Uygh. Dict.)

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) qat (Oghuz-nama)

Comments: VEWT 241, TMN 4, 393, EDT 593. Somewhat dubious: the word may represent a rendering of Sanskr. khaḍga 'rhinoceros' (through Tokharian?); cf. OUygh. ktki 'id.'.

Proto-Turkic: *Katar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to wait

Russian meaning: 1 поворачивать (лошадь) вспять; обращать врага в бегство 2 гнать, преследовать 3 пасти 4 наблюдать 5 ждать

Karakhanid: qatar- (MK) 1

Turkish: katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2

Khakassian: xadar- 3,4,5

Shor: qadar- 3,4,5

Oyrat: qadar- 3,4,5

Tuva: qadar- 3,4,5

Comments: EDT 604, ЭСТЯ 5, 337.

Proto-Turkic: *KAtɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mule

Russian meaning: мул

Karakhanid: qatɨr (MK, KB)

Turkish: katɨr

Middle Turkic: qatɨr (AH, Houts., IM)

Azerbaidzhan: Gatɨr

Turkmen: Gatɨr

Noghai: qatɨr

Balkar: qadɨr

Comments: VEWT 242, ЭСТЯ 5, 339-340, TMN 3, N^o 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khaḍara- 'mule'. Here -ḍ- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. ɣrtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka ḍ in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -ḍ- is indeed rendered as -r-: cūḍāṃ 'stadium' (Av. čarǝtu-) > OT (Hap. by MK) čurām 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạtku-č

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a stinging insect

Russian meaning: кусающее насекомое

Karakhanid: qatquč (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion'

Chuvash: xɨt-kajъk 'жужелица'

Comments: EDT 599, ДТС. Cf. also (MK) qoδɣu 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *kạtku-.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāča

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: earthenware vessel, cup

Russian meaning: глиняный сосуд, чаша

Karakhanid: qača (MK)

Turkish: kap-kaǯak

Uighur: qača

Azerbaidzhan: Gab-GaǯaG

Turkmen: Gāp-GāǯaG

Yakut: xāhax 'big leather-bag, big leather-sack'

Comments: VEWT 217 (hardly < Pers.), EDT 590, ЭСТЯ 5, 342-343.

Proto-Turkic: *Kādɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: relative-in-law

Russian meaning: свойственник

Old Turkic: qadɨn (Yenis., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɨn (MK, KB), qadɨn (KB), qajɨn (IM)

Turkish: kajɨn

Tatar: qajɨn

Middle Turkic: qajɨn (Pav. C., MA, Houts.)

Uzbek: qɛjin

Uighur: qejin

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨn

Turkmen: Gājɨn

Khakassian: xazɨn/ xastɨ

Shor: qazɨn

Oyrat: qajɨn

Chuvash: xoń

Tuva: qatɨ

Tofalar: xattɨ

Kirghiz: qajɨn

Kazakh: qajɨn

Noghai: qajɨn

Bashkir: qajnɨ

Kumyk: qajɨn

Comments: VEWT 218, ЭСТЯ 5, 215-216, Лексика 309, Федотов 2, 358.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to slide 2 to swim 3 skis

Russian meaning: 1 скользить 2 плавать 3 лыжи

Turkish: kaj-, dial. kajp- 1

Sary-Yughur: qaj- 2

Turkmen: Gāj- 1, 2

Oyrat: qaj- 1

Yakut: xajɨhar 3

Dolgan: kańɨhar, kāńɨhar, xāhar 3

Tuva: xaj- 1

Kirghiz: qajpɨ- 1

Comments: VEWT 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 197-198, Stachowski 137 (nasalization in Dolg. is unclear).

Proto-Turkic: *Kājnat

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wing 2 fin

Russian meaning: 1 крыло 2 плавник

Old Turkic: qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1

Karakhanid: qanat (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: kanat 1, 2

Tatar: qanat 1

Middle Turkic: qanat (Abush., MA) 1

Uzbek: qanɔt 1

Uighur: qanat 1

Sary-Yughur: qejnat 1

Azerbaidzhan: Ganad, gänäd (dial.) 1

Turkmen: Gānat 1

Khakassian: xanat 1, 2

Shor: qanat 1

Oyrat: qanat 1, 2, qanar 2

Chuvash: śonat 1, 2

Yakut: kɨnat, kɨj̃ɨat 1

Dolgan: kɨnat 1

Tuva: qanat 1

Tofalar: xanat 1

Kirghiz: qanat 1

Kazakh: qanat 1

Noghai: qanat 1

Bashkir: qanat 1

Balkar: qanat 1, 2

Gagauz: qanat 1

Karaim: qanat 1, 2

Karakalpak: qanat 1

Salar: qanat (Kakuk,ССЯ)

Kumyk: qanat 1

Comments: VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ЭСТЯ 5, 252-253, Федотов 2, 137, Лексика 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial ś- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).

Proto-Turkic: *Kāla-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to heap up, pile up

Russian meaning: накладывать, нагромождать

Karakhanid: qala- (MK)

Turkish: dial. kala-, gala-

Middle Turkic: qala- (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: qɛla-

Uighur: qala-

Azerbaidzhan: Gala-

Turkmen: dial. Gāla-

Oyrat: qala-

Yakut: xāla-

Kirghiz: qala-

Kazakh: qala-

Noghai: qala-

Balkar: qala-

Karakalpak: qala-

Comments: VEWT 224, EDT 617, ЭСТЯ 5, 228-229.