Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Keĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: quiver

Russian meaning: колчан

Old Turkic: keš (OUygh., Yenis.)

Karakhanid: keš (MK)

Middle Turkic: keš (Qutb., MA, IM)

Yakut: kesex (Пек.)

Tuva: xeš (Todzh., Рас. ФиЛ 188)

Tofalar: xeš 1

Kirghiz: keš (R)

Karaim: keš, kes

Comments: VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ЭСТЯ 5, 60-61 (see ibid. the literature on the history of arms). {Cf. Russ. колчан < unattested Bulg.?}

Proto-Turkic: *keĺč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 belt 2 back, spine

Russian meaning: 1 пояс, ремень 2 спина, хребет

Old Turkic: keš (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: keš ~ kiš (MK) 1

Chuvash: kaźan 2

Kirghiz: kešene 'girdle'

Comments: VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ЭСТЯ 5, 60-61. Sak. käša- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kaša 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. kīšen 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kiĺe-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`ìĺa, and *keĺč 'belt').

Proto-Turkic: *kele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to speak 2 talk, conversation

Russian meaning: 1 говорить 2 речь, слово

Old Turkic: kele-čü 2

Turkish: dial. keleǯi 2

Middle Turkic: keleči 2 (Houts.), keleče 2 (MA)

Chuvash: kala- 1

Kirghiz: keleč-söz 2

Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. kälmä 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.

Proto-Turkic: *Keleŋü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: field mouse

Russian meaning: мышь-полевка

Karakhanid: kelegü 'al-yarbū' (MK)

Turkish: kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki

Uighur: keleŋü (IM)

Kirghiz: kelemiš, keler, keles

Comments: VEWT 249, EDT 718, ЭСТЯ 5, 31, Лексика 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Цивьян 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).

Proto-Turkic: *keler / *keleŕ / *kelte

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lizard

Russian meaning: ящерица

Karakhanid: keler (MK)

Turkish: keler (dial.), kelez (dial.), kelte-keler (dial.)

Middle Turkic: keles (MA)

Uzbek: kälti-kälas, kälɔs (dial.), kältä (dial.)

Uighur: kilɛr (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: kesilkǝ

Azerbaidzhan: kelez, käläz

Khakassian: kileskǝ

Shor: kelesken

Oyrat: keleski

Chuvash: kalda

Tuva: xeleske

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 30-32, 34, Лексика 180-181; *keleŕ > Mong. keles, see Щербак 1997, 126. Despite ЭСТЯ the Chuv. form cannot be borrowed from Tat; rather, vice versa, some Volga-Qypchaq languages have borrowed the Bulg. word.

Proto-Turkic: *kẹli

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mortar

Russian meaning: ступка

Turkish: keli (dial.)

Tatar: kile

Middle Turkic: keli

Uzbek: keli (dial.)

Chuvash: kilǝ

Yakut: kelī

Bashkir: kile

Balkar: keli

Karaim: keli

Kumyk: keli

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 33. Cf. also such forms as Chuv. kiźep 'tamper, pestle' and Bashk. ki(l)sap, kilɵap id. Turk. > Hung. kölyű, see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *Kem

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: illness

Russian meaning: болезнь

Old Turkic: kem (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ig-kem (MK, KB)

Turkish: gem, kem (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: käm (dial.)

Oyrat: kem

Yakut: kem 'agnail (illness)'

Tuva: kem

Comments: EDT 720, ЭСТЯ 5, 34-35, VEWT 250, Clark 1977, 138, (should be distinguished from kem 'few' < Pers.). Cf. perhaps Chuv. kъʷmъʷr 'anger'.

Proto-Turkic: *KEmek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of striped cloth for making upper clothes

Russian meaning: вид полосатой ткани для изготовления верхней одежды

Karakhanid: kemek (MK)

Comments: EDT 722. The isolated OT word may be borrowed from Eastern Iranian: cf. Pers. kamxa < Chin. gimhua (see VEWT 229 on further loans: Pers. > Turkic kamka > Russ. камка 'striped silk cloth'). Cf. other similar cases (like Sak. kamaiška > MK kemišge etc.).

Proto-Turkic: *Kemeke

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stove, stove hole

Russian meaning: печь, углубление в печи

Khakassian: kimege

Shor: kebege

Oyrat: kemege

Chuvash: kъʷmaga

Kirghiz: kemege

Comments: VEWT 250, ЭСТЯ 5, 35-36, Мудрак 94, Лексика 359.

Proto-Turkic: *kem, *Ka-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 who 2 which

Russian meaning: 1 кто 2 какой

Old Turkic: kem (OT, OUygh.) 1, qaju (OT, OUygh.), qanu (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: kem~kim (MK, KB) qaju (MK, KB) 2

Turkish: kim 1

Tatar: kem 1, qaj 2

Middle Turkic: kim (Abush., IM) 1

Uzbek: kim 1, qaj 2

Uighur: kim, kem (dial.) 1, qaj 2

Sary-Yughur: kɨm 1

Azerbaidzhan: kim 1

Turkmen: kim 1, qaj 2

Khakassian: kem 1

Oyrat: kem 1, qaj 2

Chuvash: kam 1

Yakut: kim 1, xaja 2

Dolgan: kim 1, kaja 2

Tuva: qɨm 1, qajɨ 2

Tofalar: qum 1, qai 2

Kirghiz: kim 1, qaj 2

Kazakh: kim 1, qaj 2

Noghai: kim 1

Bashkir: kem 1, qaj (dial.) 2

Balkar: kim 1

Gagauz: kim 1

Karaim: kɨm 1

Karakalpak: kim 1

Salar: käm 1

Comments: VEWT 271, EDT 720-721, ЭСТЯ 5, 67-68, 191-192, Stachowski 134, 147.

Proto-Turkic: *kEmük

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bone 2 spongy bone 3 cartilage

Russian meaning: 1 кость 2 губчатая кость 3 хрящ

Turkish: kemik 1

Tatar: kimek 2

Middle Turkic: kemük (MA) 3, kömük (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: kɔmik, gɛmik (dial.) 2

Oyrat: kēmik 3

Kirghiz: kemik 2

Kazakh: kemik 2

Noghai: kemik 2

Bashkir: kimek 2

Balkar: gemik 2

Gagauz: kemik 1

Karaim: kemɨk 1

Karakalpak: kemik 2

Kumyk: gemik 3

Comments: VEWT 251, EDT 722, ЭСТЯ 5, 36-38, Лексика 261-262. Turk. > Mong. kemik 'cartilage' (see Щербак 1997, 126; but the derivation of the Turk. form from *gemür- 'to gnaw' (v. sub *kĕ̀ma) is a folk etymology, although some contaminations were possible: Yak. kömürüö 'spongy bone' semantically continues *kemük, but formally is derived from *gemür-. MK has kemdi- 'to cut meat from the bones' and kemdük 'bone with meat cut off' - forms that may be related both to *kemük and *gemür-.

Proto-Turkic: *kendir (*kentir)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hemp

Russian meaning: конопля

Old Turkic: kendir (OUygh.)

Turkish: kendir

Tatar: kinder

Middle Turkic: kendir

Uzbek: kendir

Uighur: kändi(r)

Sary-Yughur: kenǯir, kemǯer

Azerbaidzhan: kändir

Turkmen: kendir

Khakassian: kindǝr

Shor: kändir

Oyrat: kendir

Chuvash: kandъr

Tuva: xendir

Kirghiz: kendir

Kazakh: kendir

Noghai: kendir

Bashkir: kinder

Balkar: kendir

Karakalpak: kendir

Kumyk: kendir

Comments: EDT 729, VEWT 252, ЭСТЯ 5, 39-40, Лексика 127-128. Turk. > WMong. kendir (TMN 3, 608, Щербак 1997, 127), WMong. kenčir, Kalm. kenčr (KW 226); > Hung. kender (Gombocz 1912); > Russ. kendýr' (Аникин 282).

Proto-Turkic: *Kendük (*Kentük)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 large earthenware jar for storing flour 2 bin, crib for flour, grain

Russian meaning: 1 большой глиняный сосуд для муки 2 ларь, закром для муки, зерна

Karakhanid: kendük (MK - Ganch.) 1

Middle Turkic: kündük 'jug' (Sangl.)

Uzbek: kandik 2

Azerbaidzhan: kändi 2

Halaj: kändi 'basket'

Chuvash: kandi 'round wooden bowl'

Kirghiz: kendik 'room for grain, fuel' (may be < Pers.)

Comments: EDT 729. Clauson regards the word as an unequivocal iranism. The Iranian forms are: Pekhl. kndwg ( > Armen. k'andouk), Pers. kandū, kandūk 'big earthenware vessel for storing grain', Osset. xaendyg 'pail for pickled cheese'. Persian is the source of Syr. kndwk-, Arab. kandūǯ 'big vessel for grain'. Also related is Sak. khadīrakya (*xandīra-) 'a vessel' (possibly, some basket-work, see Bailey 71, Аб. 4, 173). Abayev derives the above forms from Iran. *kan- 'to dig' - which is not quite plausible (in a participle we would expect the zero grade vocalism; unclear is the labial vowel in the suffix; semantics raises doubts). On the other hand, all the above Iranian forms can be well explained as Turkisms, including the Saka form - with the suffix -rak (a wellknown suffix for receptacles, see Bang 1918). External parallels provide the final support for such a decision. Middle Greek kóndü 'potǟ́rion' may be < Bulg., cf. the Chuv. semantics (see Фасмер sub кандия; cf. also other European words possibly having the same source).

Proto-Turkic: *KEŋdi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to gnaw

Russian meaning: глодать

Karakhanid: keŋdi- (KB)

Khakassian: keŋne- (R. Sag.)

Shor: keŋdi-

Comments: VEWT 253 (all forms found only in Radlov's dictionary: R 2, 1071, 1072).

Proto-Turkic: *Keŋe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: easy, convenient; shallow

Russian meaning: легкий, удобный; мелкий (о воде)

Karakhanid: keŋes (MK)

Middle Turkic: keŋes, keŋez (`Ali), keŋez (Houts.)

Chuvash: kanas 'спокойный, бесхлопотный'

Yakut: kenen 'простой, доверчивый, наивный'

Comments: EDT 734.

Proto-Turkic: *kẹpek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bran

Russian meaning: отруби

Karakhanid: kepek (MK)

Turkish: kepek

Tatar: kibɛk

Middle Turkic: kebek (IM)

Uzbek: kepɛk

Uighur: kepɛk

Azerbaidzhan: käpäk

Turkmen: kepek

Khakassian: kibǝk

Chuvash: kibek, kimǝk (dial.)

Tuva: xevek

Kirghiz: kebek

Kazakh: kebek

Noghai: kebek

Bashkir: kɛbɛk

Gagauz: kepek

Karakalpak: kepek, kebek

Kumyk: gebek

Comments: EDT 688; ЭСТЯ 5, 47.

Proto-Turkic: *kepelek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: butterfly

Russian meaning: бабочка

Karakhanid: kepeli (MK), kebelek (Tefs.), kelebek (IM)

Turkish: kelebek; köpelek, kepenek (dial.)

Tatar: kübɛlɛk

Middle Turkic: köpelek (Abush.)

Uzbek: kapalak

Uighur: kepilɛk

Azerbaidzhan: käpänäk

Turkmen: kebelek, kepelek (dial.)

Khakassian: xobanax, xubanax

Shor: xopax

Oyrat: köbölök

Tuva: xovaɣan

Kirghiz: köpölök

Noghai: küpelek

Bashkir: kübäläk

Balkar: göbelekke

Gagauz: kelebek

Karaim: ḱeb́elak

Karakalpak: göbelek

Kumyk: gümelek

Comments: VEWT 291, EDT 689, ЭСТЯ 5, 13-15, Лексика 187.

Proto-Turkic: *kep(i)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dry out 2 to extinguish, disappear

Russian meaning: 1 высыхать 2 исчезать, пропадать

Karakhanid: kepi- ( ~ kebi-) (MK) 1

Tatar: kip- 1

Uzbek: kɛp- 1, kɛbi- (dial.) 2

Turkmen: kep- 1

Yakut: kep- 'to pound, demolish'

Dolgan: kep- 'to push'

Tuva: kep- 1

Kirghiz: kep- 1

Kazakh: kep- 1

Noghai: kep- 1

Bashkir: kip- 1

Karakalpak: kep- 1

Kumyk: kep- 1, kebi- 2

Comments: EDT 687, ЭСТЯ 5, 45-46, Stachowski 145 (but the Yak. and Dolg. forms hardly to *gēb- 'chew').

Proto-Turkic: *Kergük

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: paunch

Russian meaning: сетка желудка

Karakhanid: kergük (MK)

Tuva: kergijek

Comments: EDT 742, Рас. ФиЛ. 203.

Proto-Turkic: *KEŕi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fever, contagious disease

Russian meaning: лихорадка, заразная болезнь

Old Turkic: kezik (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kezig (KB, MK)

Turkish: gezik 'a rodent ulcer' (EDT), kezek 'gangrene'

Middle Turkic: kezek 'a rodent ulcer' (Abush.), Kypch. keziv 'pestilence' (CCum.)

Uighur: kezik 'typhus'

Khakassian: kizǝm

Oyrat: kezim, kezü

Kirghiz: kezik 'long uncurable disease'

Kazakh: kezik 'fever'

Bashkir: kiδew 'pestilence'

Karakalpak: gezik 'a cold in the head'

Comments: EDT 758-759, VEWT 260 (derivation from kez- 'walk' is highly dubious).