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Proto-Turkic: *Kerke-
Meaning: 1 a k. of bird (кедровка) 2 black-cock
Russian meaning: 1 кедровка 2 тетерев, глухарь
Khakassian: kergen 1
Shor: kergen 1
Chuvash: karъk 2
Balkar: gerge 'жаворонок, skylark'
Proto-Turkic: *kerki
Meaning: 1 adze, mattock 2 razor
Russian meaning: 1 кирка, мотыга 2 бритва
Karakhanid: kerki (MK ) 1, kerej (MK ) 2 Turkish: kerki 1
Middle Turkic: kerki (IM , AH ) 1 Uighur: kɛkɛ, kɛrke (dial.) 1
Azerbaidzhan: kärki, kerki (dial.) 1
Turkmen: kerki 1
Oyrat: kerki 1
Chuvash: karъ 'chisel'
Tuva: keržek 'adze'
Kirghiz: kerki 1
Comments: EDT 741, ЭСТЯ 5, 51-52 ( > Russ. кирка). Proto-Turkic: *kes-
Meaning: to cut
Russian meaning: резать
Old Turkic: kes- (Yenis.)
Karakhanid: kes- (MK , KB ) Turkish: kes-
Tatar: kis-
Uzbek: kes-
Uighur: kes-
Azerbaidzhan: käs-
Turkmen: kes-
Khakassian: kis-
Shor: kes-
Oyrat: kes-
Halaj: käs-
Chuvash: kas-
Yakut: kehē-
Tuva: ke's-
Kirghiz: kes-
Kazakh: kes-
Bashkir: kiɵ-
Balkar: kes-
Kumyk: kes-
Proto-Turkic: *kes-
Meaning: 1 a k. of leash for domestic animals 2 chain, leash, noose 3 sea knot
Russian meaning: 1 вид привязи для домашних животных 2 цепь, привязь, петля 3 морской узел
Karakhanid: kesgük (MK ) 'collar' Turkmen: kesmik 1
Chuvash: kasmъk 2, kazak 3
Kazakh: keskek 1
Comments: EDT 750, ЭСТЯ 5, 59. Deriving the root from kes- 'cut' is dubious semantically.Proto-Turkic: *kes-
Meaning: 1 ban, prohibition 2 to punish, accuse, fine 3 tired, smashed 4 to scoff 5 guilt, flaw 6 to appoint 7 obstinate 8 to speak roughly, be in one's way, hinder 9 to be hungry, in distress
Russian meaning: 1 запрет 2 назначать наказание, обвинять, штрафовать 3 усталый, разбитый 4 издеваться 5 вина, недостаток 6 устанавливать, назначать 7 упрямый 8 говорить грубо, мешать, подводить 9 голодать, испытывать нужду
Old Turkic: kesetkü 1 (OUygh., Chin.-Uygh. Voc. - R)
Turkish: kes- 2, kesik 3, kesin- 4
Tatar: kisɛt- 2
Uighur: kɛs- 2, kesir 5
Azerbaidzhan: käsir 5
Turkmen: kesgitle- 6, kesir 7, kes- 2
Chuvash: kas- 8, kazъl- 9
Yakut: kes 'forbidden', keset- 'to punish, give a lesson'
Tuva: ke'ze- 'to be punished, scared'
Kirghiz: kes- 2, kesir 5
Kazakh: kes- 2, keser 'contemptuous', 5
Bashkir: kiɵɛt- 'to warn'
Proto-Turkic: *Kēk-
Meaning: anger, malice
Russian meaning: гнев, злоба
Old Turkic: kek (OUygh.)
Tatar: dial. kik
Uzbek: kek
Turkmen: kǟje- 'to hate'
Chuvash: kagъr 'chaos, hell', kagъrza vɨrt- 'to die (out)', vɨźъ kagъrъl 'starve'
Yakut: kegedi 'spiteful'
Kirghiz: kek
Kazakh: kek
Karakalpak: kek
Proto-Turkic: *kēt-men
Meaning: hoe, mattock
Russian meaning: мотыга
Old Turkic: ketmen (OUigh.)
Turkish: gedmen
Middle Turkic: ketmen (Sangl. ) Uzbek: ketmɔn
Uighur: kätmän
Azerbaidzhan: kätmän
Turkmen: kǟtmen
Chuvash: katmak
Kirghiz: ketmen-
Bashkir: kätmän
Comments: VEWT 259, ЭСТЯ 3, 30-31, 5, 65-66, EDT 704. Usually derived from *gēt- 'to notch' - but the semantic shift is not quite satisfactory, and the Oghuz languages (except Turkish with a secondary analogy) systematically distinguish *g- in 'notch' and *k- in 'hoe'.Proto-Turkic: *Kiab
Meaning: tree fungus; dry grass
Russian meaning: древесный гриб; сухая трава
Old Turkic: qavaɣu (OUygh.)
Turkish: kav
Tatar: qaw, dial. qu
Uzbek: qɔw
Azerbaidzhan: Gow
Turkmen: Gov
Khakassian: xabo
Shor: qabā
Oyrat: qū
Chuvash: Cf. jülege 'ряска', jüźǝ 'болото (т.е. нечто с ряской')'
Yakut: kɨa
Tuva: xaɣ
Kirghiz: qū
Kazakh: quw
Noghai: quw
Bashkir: qɨw
Kumyk: quw
Comments: EDT 579, 584, TMN 3, 532-533, ЭСТЯ 5, 169-170, 6, 8-9.Proto-Turkic: *K(i)ab
Meaning: 1 peeled skin 2 to peel 3 dandruff
Russian meaning: 1 содранная кожа 2 сдирать (кожу) 3 перхоть
Turkish: kav 1, kovak 1, kavla- 2
Tatar: qawɨq 3
Middle Turkic: qav 1 (AH ) , qavaq 3 (CCum .) Uighur: qavaq 'shell' (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: GovaG 3
Turkmen: Gov 1
Khakassian: xāx 3
Oyrat: qoq (Верб. ), qāq (dial.) 3 Bashkir: qaw 1, qawaq 3
Comments: VEWT 214, EDT 578, ЭСТЯ 5, 160-161, 6, 7-8. This root should be distinguished from *Kāpuk 'bark' (v. sub *k`ā́p`à ), although they are partially confused in VEWT 234-5. See also EDT 583.Proto-Turkic: *K(i)adɨ-
Meaning: 1 to sew, sew together 2 leather belt
Russian meaning: 1 шить, сшивать 2 кожаный пояс
Karakhanid: qaδu- 1, qaδɨš 2 (MK ) Turkish: kajiš 2
Tatar: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2
Uzbek: qajɨš 2 (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨš 2
Turkmen: Gaja- 1, Gajɨš 2
Khakassian: xās 2
Oyrat: qajɨš 2
Yakut: xatɨs 2
Kirghiz: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2
Kazakh: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2
Noghai: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2
Bashkir: qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajɨš 2
Balkar: qajɨš 2
Gagauz: qajɨš 2
Karaim: qajɨš 2
Karakalpak: qajɨ- 1, qajɨs 2
Salar: qajɨš 2
Kumyk: qajɨ- 1, qajɨš 2
Proto-Turkic: *K(i)agɨl
Meaning: rod
Russian meaning: прут
Old Turkic: qaɣɨl (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qaɣɨl (MK , KB ) 'fresh willow shoots' Khakassian: xāl
Kirghiz: kōla- 'буйно расти (о раст.) в ущерб плоду, семени'
Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aja
Meaning: 1 rock 2 mountain 3 slope
Russian meaning: 1 скала 2 гора 3 склон
Old Turkic: qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: qaja (MK , KB ) 1 Turkish: kaja 1
Tatar: qɨja 1
Uzbek: qɔjɛ 1
Uighur: dial. qija 1
Azerbaidzhan: Gaja 1, 2
Turkmen: dial. Gāja, Gaja 1
Khakassian: xaja 1
Shor: qaja 1
Oyrat: qaja 1
Yakut: xaja 2
Dolgan: kaja 2
Tuva: xaja 1
Tofalar: xaja 1
Kirghiz: qaja 1, qɨja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kɨj- 'oblique')
Noghai: qaja 1
Bashkir: qaja 1
Balkar: qaja 1
Gagauz: qaja 1, 2
Karakalpak: qɨja 1
Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aj-guk
Meaning: boat, oar
Russian meaning: лодка, весло
Karakhanid: qajɣuq, qajɣɨq (MK ) Turkish: kajɨk
Tatar: qajɨq
Uzbek: qɛjiq
Uighur: qejiq
Azerbaidzhan: GajɨG
Turkmen: Gajɨq
Oyrat: qajɨq
Yakut: xajɨk, dial. xojūk
Kirghiz: qajɨq
Kazakh: qajɨq
Noghai: qajɨq
Bashkir: qajɨq
Gagauz: qajɨq
Karakalpak: qajɨq
Kumyk: qajɨq
Comments: VEWT 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 212-213, TMN 3, 408-409 (derivation from *Kaj- 'slide' is probably folk-etymological, cf. the external evidence).Proto-Turkic: *K(i)al
Meaning: wild, rough
Russian meaning: дикий, грубый
Old Turkic: qal (OUygh.)
Middle Turkic: qal (CCum .) Turkmen: Galdav
Khakassian: xal
Shor: qal
Oyrat: qal
Yakut: xal
Tuva: xal-mal
Balkar: qaltaq
Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aĺ-
Meaning: 1 lazy, vile (in addressing a slave) 2 lazy, stubborn
Russian meaning: 1 ленивый, негодный (обращение к рабу) 2 ленивый, упрямый
Uzbek: qaššaŋ 'poor, beggar'
Uighur: qaššaq 1, 2, qašaŋ 2
Oyrat: qažaŋ 2
Chuvash: xъli 'невзрачный, плохонький', xъlin 'хитрец, упрямец, лодырь, лентяй'
Kirghiz: qašaŋ 2
Bashkir: dial. qaššaq 1, 2, dial. qašan 2
Karakalpak: qasaŋ 2
Comments: EDT 673, ЭСТЯ 5, 348-350. Turk. > WMong. qašaŋ 'slow, lazy' (Clark 1980 , 42); some of the modern Turkic forms may be borrowed back from Mong. (as certainly is Chuv. xažan).Proto-Turkic: *K(i)alɨ-
Meaning: 1 sky 2 to clear up (of sky)
Russian meaning: 1 небо 2 проясняться (о небе)
Old Turkic: qalɨq (OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: (kök) qalɨq 1 (MK ) Chuvash: ? jъl- 'to shine, glitter'
Yakut: kilej-xalaj 'shining', xalɨn- 2, xallān 'clear sky, good weather'
Dolgan: kallān 1
Proto-Turkic: *Kiam
Meaning: 1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movement
Russian meaning: 1 шаман 2 камлать, приходить в движение
Old Turkic: qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qam (MK , KB ) 1 Turkish: kam 1
Tatar: qam 1 (Sib.)
Khakassian: xam 1, xamna- 2
Shor: qam 1
Oyrat: qam 1, qamda- 2
Chuvash: jomъś, jumъźǝ 1
Yakut: xam-nā- (xam-sā-) 2
Dolgan: kamnā- 2
Tuva: xam 1
Tofalar: xam 1
Karaim: qamʒɨ 1
Proto-Turkic: *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak
Meaning: 1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow
Russian meaning: 1 лоб 2 передняя часть 3 веко 4 бровь
Turkish: kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull'
Tatar: küz qabaɣɨ 3, dial. taw qabaɣɨ 'mountain slope'
Uzbek: qɔvɔq 3
Uighur: dial. qawaq 3
Sary-Yughur: qavaq 'nose bridge' (ЯЖУ ) Azerbaidzhan: GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'
Turkmen: GābaG 3
Khakassian: xamax 1
Shor: qamaq, qabaq 1
Oyrat: qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1
Tuva: xavaq 1
Tofalar: qabaq 4
Kirghiz: qabaq 3, 'pitfall'
Kazakh: qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'
Noghai: qabaq 3
Bashkir: qabaq 3, 'precipice'
Karakalpak: qabaq 3, 'cleft'
Kumyk: göz qabaɣɨ 3
Comments: VEWT 228, ЭСТЯ 5, 161, Лексика 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tüj-, bürkö-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tüj-. The form *Kāpak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Kāp 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[ā]p`á), *Kāp(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`āp`á ). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Kāp.Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aŋ
Meaning: father
Russian meaning: отец
Old Turkic: qaŋ (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qaŋdaš 'half-brother, son of the same father and a different mother' (MK ), qaŋsɨq ata 'step-father' (MK ) Proto-Turkic: *K(i)aŋ
Meaning: 1 vehicle, cart 2 skis, sleigh
Russian meaning: 1 повозка 2 лыжи, сани
Old Turkic: qaŋlɨ (OUygh.) 1
Turkish: kaɣnɨ, dial. kannɨ, kangɨllɨ 1
Khakassian: xaŋā 1
Shor: qaŋna 2
Tuva: xā̃k 2
Tofalar: qaŋha 2 (ФиЛ 91)
Salar: ɣaŋlɨ 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-chv,turcet-blkx,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-kaz,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-hak,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-blkx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-sal,turcet-reference,
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