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Proto-Turkic: *Kob-
Meaning: to follow, chase
Russian meaning: преследовать, гнаться
Turkish: kov-
Tatar: quw-
Uzbek: qaw- (dial.), quw-
Azerbaidzhan: Gov-
Turkmen: qov-
Oyrat: qū-
Chuvash: xu-, xъv-
Kirghiz: qū-, qubala-
Kazakh: quw-
Noghai: quw-
Bashkir: qɨw-
Balkar: quw-
Gagauz: qū-
Karaim: quw-
Karakalpak: quw-
Kumyk: quw-
Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Федотов 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobduɣ 'greedy', see Clark 1977 , 147.Proto-Turkic: *Kobga
Meaning: pail, bucket
Russian meaning: ведро
Old Turkic: qovɣa (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qova (MK Oghuz) Turkish: kova, koɣa
Uzbek: qawɣa (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: Gova
Turkmen: Gova
Tuva: xuva
Kazakh: qawɣa
Noghai: qawɣa
Karaim: qova, qopqa
Karakalpak: qawɣa, ɣawɣa
Comments: EDT 583-584, ЭСТЯ 6, 12-13. Turk. > Mong. qobuɣa 'bucket, trough'.Proto-Turkic: *Kobu-k
Meaning: empty, hollow
Russian meaning: пустой, полый
Old Turkic: qovɨ (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qovɨ, qovuq (MK ) Turkish: kovuk, gavɨk (dial.)
Middle Turkic: qovuq (AH ) Uighur: quaq (dial.)
Turkmen: Govaq, Govuq, Govalč, Govuz
Khakassian: xax
Proto-Turkic: *Kobuĺ, *Kobuĺa-
Meaning: 1 sharpened (arrow) 2 to sharpen, plane
Russian meaning: 1 заостренная (стрела) 2 точить, строгать
Old Turkic: qovuša- (OUygh.) 2
Karakhanid: qovša- (MK ) 2 Turkish: (Osmanli) qovuš, qoɣuš (XVI c.) 1
Proto-Turkic: *Koč
Meaning: ram
Russian meaning: баран
Old Turkic: qočqar, qočuŋar (OUygh.)
Turkish: koč, kočkar
Tatar: qučqar (dial.)
Uzbek: ɣɔč (dial.), qọčqar
Uighur: qočqa(r), qošqa(r)
Sary-Yughur: qužɣar
Azerbaidzhan: Goč
Turkmen: Goč, GočGar
Oyrat: qočqor
Halaj: Goč
Tuva: qošqar
Kirghiz: qočqor
Kazakh: qošqar
Noghai: qošqar
Bashkir: qušqar
Balkar: qocxar
Gagauz: qoč
Karaim: qoč, qočqar, qočxar
Karakalpak: ɣoš, qošqar
Salar: qošqor, qošqur
Kumyk: qočqar
Comments: Лексика 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ЭСТЯ 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912 ; Russ. dial. kočkór, kočkáŕ, see Аникин 308, 309.Proto-Turkic: *Kod-
Meaning: to put, leave, abandon
Russian meaning: класть, оставлять, покидать
Old Turkic: qod- (Yen., OUygh.)
Turkish: koj-
Tatar: quj-
Uzbek: qọj-
Uighur: qoj-
Sary-Yughur: quz-
Azerbaidzhan: Goj-
Turkmen: Goj-
Oyrat: qoj-
Chuvash: xor-
Kirghiz: qoj-
Kazakh: qoj-
Noghai: qoj-
Bashkir: quj-
Balkar: qoj-
Gagauz: qoj-
Karaim: qoj-
Karakalpak: qoj-
Kumyk: qoj-
Comments: VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-28, Федотов 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.Proto-Turkic: *Kodan **AD но чув нет
Meaning: hare
Russian meaning: заяц
Tatar: kujan
Uzbek: qujɔn
Uighur: qojan
Turkmen: Gojan (dial.)
Khakassian: xozan
Oyrat: kojon
Chuvash: (kujan dial. < Tat.) xoŕan, xoren (dial.) **AD нет в Ашм. и стандартных словарях; откуда? И Левитская в словаре не нашла. Yakut: xotonox
Tuva: kodan (kojɣun from some j-language?)
Tofalar: xodan
Kirghiz: kojon
Kazakh: qojan
Noghai: qojan
Bashkir: qujan
Balkar: qojan
Karaim: qojan
Karakalpak: qojan
Kumyk: qojan
Comments: VEWT 274-275, Лексика 164, ЭСТЯ VI 29-30. Предполагается чув *xoran > марийск. *oren в составе moren 'заяц' Егоров 122 - скорее маразм.Proto-Turkic: *Kodɨ
Meaning: below, downwards
Russian meaning: внизу, вниз
Old Turkic: qodɨ (Yen., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qoδɨ (MK , QB) Turkish: koju
Uzbek: quji
Uighur: quju
Sary-Yughur: qozɨ, quzɨ, quzu
Chuvash: (?) xǝrlǝ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)
Yakut: xotu 'downstream; North'
Dolgan: kotun 'in the direction of'
Tuva: qudu
Tofalar: qudu
Proto-Turkic: *Kod-, *Kodur-
Meaning: 1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpower
Russian meaning: 1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать
Karakhanid: qoδur- (MK ) 1 Yakut: xot- 2
Dolgan: kot- 2
Comments: EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside').Proto-Turkic: *Kog-
Meaning: to drive, pursue
Russian meaning: гнать, преследовать
Turkish: koɣ- (since 17th cent.)
Uighur: qoɣla- (dial.)
Khakassian: xoɣ-
Oyrat: qoɣ-
Yakut: kuolā-
Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-).Proto-Turkic: *Koga ( ~ -k-)
Meaning: a k. of reed
Russian meaning: вид тростника
Turkish: kova, koɣa (dial.)
Tatar: quɣa
Uzbek: qọɣa
Oyrat: qoɣo
Kazakh: qoɣa
Noghai: qoɣa
Bashkir: quɣa (dial.)
Karaim: qoɣa
Karakalpak: qoɣa
Kumyk: qoɣa
Proto-Turkic: *Koguĺ
Meaning: gutter, cavity, hollow
Russian meaning: желоб, впадина, полость
Turkish: kovuš
Tatar: quwɨš
Uzbek: qavuš, qɔvaš, quwuš (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: Goɣuš
Khakassian: xōs
Chuvash: xъʷvъʷl
Yakut: kuohāx
Kazakh: quwɨs
Noghai: quwɨs
Bashkir: qɨwɨš
Karaim: qowuš, quwuš
Karakalpak: quwɨs
Kumyk: quwuš
Comments: The Chuv. form may rather belong to PTurk. *Kob-. See VEWT 275, EDT 613, ЭСТЯ 6, 18-20, Stachowski 161 (the two roots interact actively). Proto-Turkic: *Koguĺ
Meaning: leather, hide
Russian meaning: кожа, шкура
Old Turkic: qoɣuš
Proto-Turkic: *Koju-g
Meaning: thick, saturated
Russian meaning: толстый, густой
Old Turkic: qojuɣ (OUygh.)
Turkish: koju
Tatar: qujɨ
Uzbek: qujuq
Uighur: qojuq
Turkmen: Gojɨ
Khakassian: xojɨɣ
Shor: qojɨɣ
Oyrat: qoju
Yakut: xojū
Dolgan: kojū
Tuva: xojuɣ
Tofalar: xoj̃uɣ
Kirghiz: qujū
Kazakh: qoju
Noghai: qojɨ
Bashkir: qujɨ
Gagauz: qoju
Karaim: qoju, quju
Comments: EDT 676, TMN 3, 562, ЭСТЯ 6, 32-33, Stachowski 150. The deriving stem *Koj(u)- 'to become viscous, thick' is attested in Oyr. qoj-, KKalp. qojɨ-, Khak. xojɨ-, Tuva xoju- (see ibid.). The reconstruction *Koń- is proposed in VEWT 276, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization; the Yakut and OT evidence does not support it.Proto-Turkic: *Kok
Meaning: dust, ashes
Russian meaning: пыль, пепел
Old Turkic: qoɣ (OUygh.)
Khakassian: xox
Oyrat: qoq
Yakut: xoɣoso
Tuva: xoq
Kirghiz: qoq
Noghai: qoq
Karaim: qoq
Proto-Turkic: *Kok-
Meaning: to smell badly, to give out a smell of burning
Russian meaning: плохо пахнуть, пахнуть горелым
Turkish: kok-
Azerbaidzhan: Goxu (n.), Goxu-
Turkmen: qoq (n.), qoqa-
Noghai: qoqɨ- 'to be fragrant'
Gagauz: qoq-
Karaim: qoqu, qoqɨ (n.)
Proto-Turkic: *Kol
Meaning: 1 arm 2 hand
Russian meaning: 1 рука (от локтя до плеча) 2 рука (кисть)
Old Turkic: qol 1 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qol 1 (MK , KB ) Turkish: kol 1
Tatar: qul 1, 2
Uzbek: qụl 1, 2
Uighur: qol 1, 2
Sary-Yughur: qol 1
Azerbaidzhan: Gol 1
Turkmen: Gol 1
Khakassian: xol 1, 2
Shor: qol 1, 2
Oyrat: qol 1, 2
Halaj: qol 1
Chuvash: xol 'shoulder'
Yakut: xol 1
Dolgan: kol 'shoulder'
Tuva: xol 1, 2
Tofalar: qol 1
Kirghiz: qol 1, 2
Kazakh: qol 1
Noghai: qol 1, 2
Bashkir: qul 1, 2
Balkar: qol 1, 2
Gagauz: qol 1
Karaim: qol 1, 2
Karakalpak: qol 1, 2
Salar: qol 1
Kumyk: qol 1, 2
Comments: VEWT 276, EDT 614-5, TMN 3, 556, Дыбо 146-153, Федотов 2, 353, Лексика 244-245, ЭСТЯ 6, 37-43, Stachowski 150.Proto-Turkic: *Koĺ
Meaning: 1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, unite
Russian meaning: 1 пара, один из пары 2 соединять(ся)
Old Turkic: qoš- 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qoš 1, qoš- 2 (MK ) Turkish: koš- 2
Tatar: quš 1, quš- 2
Uzbek: qọš 1, qọš- 2
Uighur: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Sary-Yughur: qos 1
Azerbaidzhan: Goš- 2
Turkmen: Goš 'a couple of oxen', Goš- 'to add'
Khakassian: xos 1, xos- 2
Oyrat: qoš- 2
Chuvash: xoš- 2
Yakut: xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xohōn 'poem'
Dolgan: kohōn 'poem'
Tuva: qoš- 2
Tofalar: qo'š- 2
Kirghiz: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Kazakh: qos 1, qos- 2
Noghai: qos 1, qos- 2
Bashkir: qɨwɨš 1, quš- 2
Balkar: qoš- 2
Gagauz: qoš- 2
Karaim: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Karakalpak: qos 1, qos- 2
Salar: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Kumyk: qoš- 2
Comments: VEWT 283; EDT 670, Лексика 611, Федотов 2, 375, ЭСТЯ 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY ) qoši, WMong. qos, Kalm. xoš 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980 , 41, 42, Щербак 1997 , 142).Proto-Turkic: *Kol-
Meaning: to beg
Russian meaning: просить (милостыню), умолять
Old Turkic: qol- (Yen., OUygh.)
Uzbek: qɔlčir 'Verleumder' (KW 183)
Sary-Yughur: qol-
Yakut: kulu 'give (imper.)'
Karaim: qol-
Comments: VEWT 277, EDT 616, ЭСТЯ 6, 36-37. Turk. > WMong. qolčir, KW xoĺčr 'verschwenderisch, leichtsinnig' (KW 183).Proto-Turkic: *Koĺ
Meaning: hut, hovel, camp(ing)
Russian meaning: хижина, лачуга, лагерь
Karakhanid: qoš 'family' (Tfs.)
Tatar: quš
Middle Turkic: qoš 'camp, camping' (Pav. C. ), 'house, dwelling' (Sngl.) Turkmen: Goš
Chuvash: xüžǝ, xužǝ, xužъ
Yakut: xos 'room'
Tuva: qoš 'caravan'
Kazakh: qos
Noghai: qos
Bashkir: qɨwɨš
Balkar: qoš
Karakalpak: qos
Kumyk: qoš
Comments: VEWT 283, EDT 670, Лексика 491-492, Федотов 2, 375-376, ЭСТЯ 6, 90-94. Turk. > WMong. qos, Kalm. xoš (KW 189), WMong. qosi-liɣ (Clark 1980 , 42). The root is confused with *Koĺ 'pair', but should be probably distinguished. Tat. and Bashk. obviously reflect a contamination with *Koguĺ 'empty space, hollow'. A loanword from Tokh. koṣkīye 'hut' (which itself is < Iranian, see Adams) had been suggested - which, however, cannot explain the absence of -k- in the Turkic form.turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-tuv,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-uig,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-alt,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-nogx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-sjg,turcet-jak,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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