Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *simük, *simki-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snot, nose phlegm, mucus 2 to blow one's nose

Russian meaning: 1 сопли 2 сморкаться

Karakhanid: seŋregü (MK) 'continuously discharging mucus from one's nose'

Turkish: sümük 1, sümkür- 2

Tatar: simgir 1, sĭŋgĭr- 2

Middle Turkic: sümük 1, sümkür- 2 (AH, Pav. C.)

Turkmen: sümük 1, sümgür- 2

Khakassian: sĭŋĭr- 2

Chuvash: šǝngar- (šăngar-) 2

Tuva: siŋmir- 2

Kirghiz: simbir- 2

Kazakh: sĭŋbĭr- 2

Noghai: simgir- 2

Gagauz: sümük 1, sümkür- 2

Karaim: siŋir- 2

Karakalpak: sĭŋbĭr- 2

Comments: VEWT 436, EDT 841, ЭСТЯ 7.

Proto-Turkic: *sinčök ( ~ -e-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ankle-bone 2 shin-bone

Russian meaning: 1 лодыжка 2 голень

Turkish: sinǯik 1 (dial.)

Yakut: sünjüöx 2

Tuva: šünčük 'hip joint'

Tofalar: šüŋǯük 'hip joint'

Bashkir: sensek (dial.) 2

Comments: Дыбо 1989 (but not < Perm.).

Proto-Turkic: *siŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to sink, submerge

Russian meaning: уходить в землю, погружаться

Old Turkic: siŋ- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: siŋ- (MK)

Turkish: sin-

Tatar: sĭŋ-

Middle Turkic: siŋ- (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: siŋ-

Uighur: siŋ-

Sary-Yughur: sɨŋ-

Azerbaidzhan: sin-

Turkmen: siŋ-

Khakassian: sɨŋ- 'to fit into'

Shor: sɨŋ- 'to fit into'

Chuvash: šъnъś-

Yakut: iŋ-

Tuva: siŋ-; sɨŋ- 'to fit into'

Kirghiz: siŋ-

Kazakh: siŋ-

Noghai: siŋ-

Bashkir: hĭŋ-

Balkar: siŋ-

Gagauz: sin-

Karaim: sin-

Karakalpak: siŋ-

Salar: siŋ-

Kumyk: siŋ-

Comments: EDT 833-834, Мудрак Дисс. 43, ЭСТЯ 7. The Khak., Shor and Tuva forms may have been influenced by *sɨg- 'to fit into' (v. sub *sĭ́gú).

Proto-Turkic: *siŋ- (~ -ɨ-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 whining or buzzing noise 2 to whine, moan

Russian meaning: 1 скулеж, визг 2 визжать, хныкать, стонать

Karakhanid: siŋ 1, siŋile- 2

Turkish: sinle-, dial. senele- 2

Khakassian: sɨŋ 1, sɨ̄la- 2

Chuvash: šъngъr 1, šъngъrdat- 2

Yakut: iŋersij- 'to neigh, coo' (Пек.)

Tuva: sɨ̄la- 2

Kazakh: sɨŋɣɨr 1, sɨŋ-qɨlda- 2

Bashkir: hɨŋ-qɨlda- 'to sob'

Comments: EDT 832, 840.

Proto-Turkic: *siŋek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 mosquito 2 fly

Russian meaning: 1 комар 2 муха

Karakhanid: siŋek 1,2 (MK)

Turkish: sinek 2

Middle Turkic: siŋak, siŋgek 2 (Pav. C.)

Sary-Yughur: sɨŋgek 'gad-fly'

Azerbaidzhan: sinäk 1

Turkmen: siŋek 2

Khakassian: sik, sēk 2

Oyrat: sēk 1

Chuvash: šъna 2

Tuva: sēk 2

Gagauz: sinek 2

Karaim: sinek 2

Comments: EDT 838, VEWT 422-423, Лексика 185, ЭСТЯ 7. Cf. also Yak., Dolg. ɨŋɨrɨa 'bee, wasp' (Stachowski 261). Turk. > Hung. szunyog 'mosquito', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *siŋil

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 younger sister 2 younger brother

Russian meaning: 1 младшая сестра 2 младший брат

Old Turkic: siŋil 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: siŋil 1 (MK)

Tatar: sĭŋĭl 1

Middle Turkic: siŋil 1 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: siŋil 1

Uighur: siŋil 1

Sary-Yughur: sɨŋnɨ 1

Turkmen: siŋli 1 (dial.)

Shor: siŋnim (Chul.) 2

Chuvash: šъll-ъm 2

Kirghiz: siŋdi 1

Kazakh: siŋli 1

Noghai: siŋli 1

Bashkir: hĭŋlĭ 1

Karaim: siŋli 1

Karakalpak: siŋli 1

Salar: siŋil, siŋni, siŋne 1

Comments: EDT 839, Лексика 311, ЭСТЯ 7. The original meaning was probably "younger sister of husband" (still observable in Old Turkic); note also the meaning "younger brother" in Chuv. and in Chul. siŋnim.

Proto-Turkic: *siŋir

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sinew

Russian meaning: сухожилие, жила

Old Turkic: siŋir (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: siŋir (MK)

Turkish: sinir

Tatar: seŋer

Middle Turkic: siŋir (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: siŋir

Turkmen: siŋir

Khakassian: sīr

Oyrat: siŋir

Chuvash: šъnъr

Yakut: iŋīr

Dolgan: iŋīr

Tuva: sīr

Kazakh: siŋir

Noghai: siŋir

Bashkir: hĭŋĭr

Balkar: siŋir

Gagauz: sinir

Karaim: sinir

Karakalpak: siŋir

Kumyk: siŋir

Comments: EDT 841, VEWT 423, Лексика 264, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 127.

Proto-Turkic: *siŋök

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bone

Russian meaning: кость

Old Turkic: süŋök (Orkh.), süŋük (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: süŋük (MK, KB)

Turkish: süŋük, söŋek, sümük (dial.)

Tatar: söjɛk

Middle Turkic: süŋek (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: sujak

Uighur: söŋäk

Sary-Yughur: sɨmɨk

Azerbaidzhan: sümük

Turkmen: süŋk, süjek

Khakassian: sȫk

Shor: sȫk

Oyrat: sȫk

Halaj: simik

Chuvash: šъʷmъʷ

Yakut: uŋuoχ

Dolgan: oŋuok

Tuva: sȫk

Tofalar: sȫ̃k

Kirghiz: söök

Kazakh: sujek

Noghai: süjek

Bashkir: höjäk

Balkar: süjek

Karakalpak: süjek

Salar: senix

Kumyk: süjek

Comments: VEWT 437, EDT 838-839, Лексика 260-261, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 195. With different suffixation cf. Uygh. söŋgäč 'thigh, hip, thigh bone'; Yak., Dolg. öŋürges 'cartilage' (Stachowski 200).

Proto-Turkic: *sipür-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to sweep

Russian meaning: мести, подметать

Old Turkic: sipir- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: süpür- (MK)

Turkish: süpür-

Tatar: sɨpɨr-, sĭbĭr-

Middle Turkic: süpür- (IM, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: supur-

Uighur: süpär-

Azerbaidzhan: süpür-

Turkmen: süpür-

Khakassian: sɨbɨr-

Oyrat: sibir-, sɨbɨr-

Halaj: sipir-

Chuvash: šъʷbъʷr 'broom'

Tuva: sivir-

Kirghiz: sɨpɨr-

Noghai: sɨpɨr-

Bashkir: hepere-

Balkar: sibir-

Gagauz: süpür-

Karaim: sibir-

Karakalpak: sɨpɨr-

Kumyk: sibir-

Comments: EDT 791, VEWT 437, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > Hung. seper 'sweep' (Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 518-519).

Proto-Turkic: *sirke

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nit

Russian meaning: гнида

Karakhanid: sirke (MK)

Turkish: sirke

Tatar: sĭrkɛ

Middle Turkic: sirke (IM)

Uzbek: sĭrkɛ

Uighur: sĭ(r)kä

Azerbaidzhan: sirkä

Turkmen: sirke

Khakassian: sĭrge

Oyrat: sirke

Halaj: sirkä

Chuvash: šъrga

Tuva: sirge

Tofalar: si'rxe

Kirghiz: sirke

Kazakh: sĭrke

Noghai: sirke

Bashkir: hĭrkä

Balkar: sirke

Gagauz: sirkä

Karaim: sirke

Karakalpak: sirke

Kumyk: sirke

Comments: VEWT 423, EDT 850, Лексика 182, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > Hung. serke, see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 523-524.

Proto-Turkic: *sirke

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: vinegar

Russian meaning: уксус

Old Turkic: sirke (OUygh. - late)

Karakhanid: sirke (MK, IM)

Turkish: sirke

Tatar: serkä

Middle Turkic: sirke (MKypch. - AH, CCum.)

Uzbek: sirka

Uighur: sirkä

Azerbaidzhan: sirkä

Turkmen: sirke

Chuvash: šarak 'bitter, salted'

Kazakh: sirke

Noghai: sirkesuv

Bashkir: herkä

Balkar: sirkesuw

Gagauz: sirkä

Karaim: sirke

Karakalpak: sirke

Kumyk: sirke

Comments: VEWT 423, EDT 850. Turk. > Pers. sirkä.

Proto-Turkic: *sīb-ri

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sharp, sharp-edged

Russian meaning: острый, конический

Old Turkic: süvri (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: süvri (MK)

Turkish: sivri

Azerbaidzhan: sivri

Turkmen: süjri

Oyrat: sǖrü, sǖri

Chuvash: šǝʷvǝʷr

Yakut: üörbe

Tuva: sǖr

Kirghiz: süjrü

Kazakh: süjir

Gagauz: sivri

Karaim: sivri, süvrü

Karakalpak: süjri, süjir

Comments: EDT 791, VEWT 438, ЭСТЯ 7.

Proto-Turkic: *sīk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 urine 2 to urinate

Russian meaning: 1 моча 2 мочиться

Old Turkic: sid- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: siδ- 2 (MK)

Turkish: sij- 2

Middle Turkic: si- (AH, IM)

Uzbek: sij- 2

Sary-Yughur: siz-, sez-, sɨz- 2

Azerbaidzhan: sij- 2

Turkmen: sīdik 1

Khakassian: side- 2

Shor: si- 2

Oyrat: sij- 2

Halaj: sīd- 2

Chuvash: šъk 1, šъr- 2

Yakut: īk 1

Dolgan: īk 1

Tuva: sidik 1

Kirghiz: sij- 2

Noghai: sij- 2

Balkar: sij- 2

Karaim: sij- 2

Kumyk: sij- 2

Comments: EDT 799, VEWT 421, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 130. Only Yak. and Chuv. reflect the original *sīk; all other languages reflect a derivative *sīg-t- / *sīg-d- (present also outside Turkic) > *sīd-. Also widely reflected is the secondary derivative *sīd-dik 'urine' ( > Turkm. sīdik etc., see ЭСТЯ 7).

Proto-Turkic: *sīĺ / *sɨ̄ĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 tooth 2 sharp stick

Russian meaning: 1 зуб 2 вертел, острый колышек

Old Turkic: sɨš 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: sɨš 2 (MK)

Turkish: šiš 2

Tatar: šeš 2

Middle Turkic: sɨš 2 (Sangl.)

Uighur: šiš 2

Azerbaidzhan: šiš 2

Turkmen: čīš 2

Khakassian: sǝs 2

Shor: šɨš 2

Oyrat: šiš 2

Chuvash: šъl 1

Tuva: šiš 2

Tofalar: šiš 2

Kirghiz: šiš 2

Kazakh: is 2

Bashkir: šeš 2

Balkar: šiš 2

Karaim: šɨš 2

Karakalpak: is 2

Kumyk: čiš 2

Comments: VEWT 424, TMN 3, 324, EDT 856-7. Turk. > Kalm. čiš, šiš (KW 442). An interesting common Turkic derivative is *sīĺ-le > *sīle 'судак' (fish name), as "fish with teeth" (Turkm. sīle, Chuv. šъla etc., see ЭСТЯ 7; Turk. > Hung. süllő, see MNyTESz 3, 628): such derivation may be postulated on analogy with KKalp. tĭsli, Uzb. tišli (balɨq) 'судак', lit. 'fish with teeth'.

Proto-Turkic: *sīl- / *sɨ̄la-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to wipe, rub 2 clean

Russian meaning: 1 тереть, стирать, чистить 2 чистый

Old Turkic: sil- 1, silig 2 (OUygh.), silik 2 (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: silig 2 (MK)

Turkish: sil- 1, sili 2

Tatar: sɨla- 1

Middle Turkic: sil- 1 (IM), sīla- 1 (Abush.), silä- 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: silä- 1

Uighur: sila- 1

Azerbaidzhan: sil- 1

Turkmen: sɨ̄l- 1

Halaj: sīl- 1

Chuvash: šъl- 1

Tuva: sili- 'to become clean'

Kirghiz: sɨla- 1

Kazakh: sɨla- 1

Noghai: sɨla- 1

Bashkir: hɨla- 1

Balkar: sɨla- 1

Gagauz: sil- 1

Karaim: sil-, sɨla- 1

Karakalpak: sɨla- 1

Kumyk: sɨla- 1

Comments: EDT 824-825, 826-827, VEWT 416, 421, TMN 3, 265, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > Kalm. šilǝ- 'kick or sweep away with one's foot' (KW 357). Turk. *silig / *sɨlɨg 'clean, clear' (see ЭСТЯ 7) > Mong. siluɣun 'plain, simple, pure' ( > Evk. šilun id.).

Proto-Turkic: *sīĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to swell 2 swelling, tumour

Russian meaning: 1 пухнуть 2 опухоль

Old Turkic: sɨš-, šɨš- 1, šiš 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: sɨš 2, sɨšɨl- 1 (MK), šiš- 1 (Tefs., IM)

Turkish: šiš- 1, šiš 2

Tatar: šeš- 1

Middle Turkic: šiš- (Sangl.) 1

Uzbek: šiš-(mɔq) 1, šiš 2

Uighur: išši-(maq) 1

Sary-Yughur: siz- 1

Azerbaidzhan: šiš- 1, šiš 2

Turkmen: čīš- 1, čīš 2

Khakassian: sǝs- 1, sǝs 2, (Qyz.) čǝǯǝk 2

Shor: šiš- 1, šiš 2

Halaj: šɨš- 1

Chuvash: šɨś- 1

Yakut: is- 1

Dolgan: is 2

Tuva: ɨ'š- 1

Kirghiz: šiši- 1

Noghai: sis- 1

Bashkir: šeš- 1

Gagauz: šiš- 1, šiš 2

Karaim: šiš-, sis- 1

Kumyk: šiš- 1

Comments: VEWT 424, EDT 857, ДТС 524 , Егоров 341, Федотов 2, 467, Stachowski 128-129. Languages display both assimilations and dissimilations (loss) of the first consonant. Loss of length in Yak., Tuva and Tof. is not quite clear (Turkm. clearly demonstrates a long -ī-); if we take into account the Chuv. reflex (-ɨ- corresponding to Common Turkic i/ɨ), we should perhaps reconstruct a PT form *sɨ̆jĺč- (see Мудрак Дисс. 158).

Proto-Turkic: *sīpek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 infant's urinal in a cradle 2 pivot (of a hand-mill etc.) 3 corn-cob

Russian meaning: 1 мочеотводная трубочка в люльке 2 стержень, шкворень (ручной мельницы и т.п.) 3 початок кукурузы

Karakhanid: sibek 1, 2 (MK)

Turkish: sübek 1, 2, 3

Uzbek: sübäk 3 (dial.)

Comments: EDT 788, ЭСТЯ 7. Modern languages reveal some very irregular reflexes like Kaz., KKalp. sobɨq 3, Tur. sümek, sömek 1, 2, 3 (with -m- also in Kum. sümek, Nogh. simek, Uzb. sumak 1, 2 etc.; some languages have variants with č- or š- like Kirgh. čömök 3, šimek 1, 2). These all can be either irregular expressive variants with secondary diffusion or reflect contaminations with some other (not quite clear) roots.

Proto-Turkic: *-sɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: possess. suffix (3d person)

Russian meaning: притяжательный суффикс 3-го лица

Old Turkic: -sɨ

Karakhanid: -sɨ

Turkish: -sɨ

Tatar: -sɨ

Middle Turkic: -sɨ

Uzbek: -sɨ

Uighur: -sɨ

Sary-Yughur: -sɨ

Azerbaidzhan: -sɨ

Turkmen: -sɨ

Khakassian: -sɨ

Shor: -sɨ

Oyrat: -sɨ

Chuvash: -šǝ

Yakut: -ta

Tuva: -zɨ

Tofalar: -zɨ

Kirghiz: -sɨ

Kazakh: -sɨ

Noghai: -sɨ

Bashkir: -hɨ

Balkar: -sɨ

Gagauz: -sɨ

Karaim: -sɨ

Karakalpak: -sɨ

Salar: -sɨ

Kumyk: -sɨ

Proto-Turkic: *sɨb

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: water

Russian meaning: вода

Old Turkic: śub (Orkh.), sub, suv (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: suv (MK)

Turkish: su

Tatar: sɨw

Middle Turkic: su (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: suv

Uighur: su

Sary-Yughur: su

Azerbaidzhan: su

Turkmen: suv

Khakassian: suɣ

Shor: suɣ

Oyrat: sū

Halaj: suw

Chuvash: šɨv

Yakut: ū; utax 'thirst' < *sub-sak

Dolgan: ū

Tuva: suɣ

Tofalar: suɣ

Kirghiz: sū

Kazakh: su

Noghai: suw

Bashkir: hɨw

Balkar: sū

Gagauz: su

Karaim: su

Karakalpak: suw

Salar: su

Kumyk: suw

Comments: VEWT 431, TMN 3, 281-2, EDT 783-4, Лексика 88, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 247. The reconstruction of *ɨ is conditioned by the Chuv. palatalization. Cf. also *sɨbu- 'to become watery', *sɨbu-k 'watery, liquid' (ЭСТЯ 7). Other Common Turkic derivatives are *sɨb-sɨ- 'to become watery' and *sɨb-sa- 'to be(come) thirsty', see the analysis in ЭСТЯ 7 and EDT 792. The derivative *sɨb-sɨ 'a watery decoction' (not attested as such, but cf. OT suvsuš id. (EDT 792)) was borrowed in Mong. as sub(a)su id. (L 733), Khalkha suvs 'watery'. Modern Kypchak and Siberian forms like Chag. susɨn, Kirgh. sūsun etc. may reflect a secondary loan from Mongolian.

Proto-Turkic: *sɨba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to smear

Russian meaning: мазать

Old Turkic: suva- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: suva-, suval-, suvaš- (MK)

Turkish: sɨva-

Middle Turkic: suwa- (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: suwa-

Uighur: suwa-

Azerbaidzhan: sua- (dial.)

Turkmen: suwa-

Halaj: sɨva-

Gagauz: suwa-

Salar: suva-, sova-

Comments: EDT 785, 789, 793, VEWT 414, ЭСТЯ 7. Cf. also the toponym Sɨvaš. The root is somewhat confused with *sɨba- 'to water, irrigate' (a derivative of *sɨb 'water' q. v. sub *si̯uba), but they should be certainly kept distinct.