Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *TAgna

Meaning: 1 turf 2 stem, stalk 3 a k. of plant

Russian meaning: 1 дерн 2 стебель, ствол 3 вид растения

Karakhanid: taɣna java 3 ('al-mahrut') (MK)

Oyrat: dial. tunā 1 (Верб.)

Chuvash: tona 2

Comments: EDT 471, Федотов 1, 247. The OT word is questionable: an OT Hapax, but the second part (java) is also a plant root. Taɣna java was added to sour milk in order to colour it. Cf. Sak. ttuṃgara, Tokh. B tvāṇKārai, Tib. (Khotan) don-gra 'ginger'. Bailey derives from Iran. *tuvam-kara, i.e. 'made thick', but a Turkic origin (with Sak. suffixation) is also possible. If the Oyr. and Chuv. forms belong here the approximate PT reconstruction could be *Tagna 'root, stalk'. Turk. > Mong.: Khalkha tāna 'лук многокорешковый'.

Proto-Turkic: *Tagra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to repair

Russian meaning: чинить, латать, штопать

Khakassian: taɣɨra-

Shor: taɣra-

Tuva: taara-

Tofalar: dāra- 'шить, сшивать'

Comments: VEWT 454, Рас. ФиЛ 90.

Proto-Turkic: *tĀkan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 trestle, rack 2 tripod 3 kettle

Russian meaning: 1 подвеска, козлы 2 тренога 3 котел

Karakhanid: taqan 3 (IM)

Turkish: daɣan 2 (dial.)

Tatar: taɣan 1

Turkmen: tāGan 2

Khakassian: taxxan 2 (Kyz. - Joki)

Oyrat: taɣan 2 (dial. - Баск. Кум.)

Kazakh: taɣan 2

Bashkir: taɣan 1

Comments: Räsänen (Рясянен 1955, 134) derives the forms from tak- 'to adhere', but vowel length clearly contradicts it. Quite dubious, because of geographic distribution, is the derivation of the word from Greek τήγανον 'frying pan' (see Аникин 521-522). The Greek word itself has no satisfactory etymology (see Frisk 2, 845).

Proto-Turkic: *TaK(ɨ)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: part of horse's leg

Russian meaning: часть ноги лошади

Old Turkic: taɣɨ-ɣ (OUygh.- YB, acc.)

Comments: ПДП 425, VEWT 457.

Proto-Turkic: *TAlagu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 deadly poison 2 diarrhoea 3 ulcer disease

Russian meaning: 1 смертельный яд 2 дизентерия 3 болезнь, связанная с язвами

Karakhanid: talaɣu 1, 2

Tatar: talaw 'a k. of horse disease'

Middle Turkic: dalau 1 (Pav. C.)

Kirghiz: talō-lo-n- 'to become covered by red blots'

Kazakh: talau 'Siberian plague'

Noghai: talav 'pest, plague'

Bashkir: talaw (dial.) 'Siberian plague'

Balkar: talaw 'anthrax, plague'

Kumyk: talaw 'malignant tumour'

Comments: VEWT 458, EDT 496. Despite Clauson, hardly derived from tala- 'to harm, rob'. Modern Oghuz forms (Tur. dial. dalak 'Siberian plague', Az. dial. dalax 'cattle disease', Turkm. dālaq 'camel disease') are restructured on analogy with *d(i)ālak 'spleen' (v. sub *ti̯ṓle). A similarly reinterpreted form is Chuv. talak 'some inner disease of cattle' - borrowed from Tatar talawu (see above), but restructured under the influence of the borrowed talaq 'spleen'.

Proto-Turkic: *taĺak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: scrotum

Russian meaning: мошонка

Karakhanid: tašaq MK, IM

Turkish: tašak

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tašaq (CCum., Ettuhf., Tel., Houts., AH)

Uighur: (dial.) tašaq (УЯ)

Khakassian: (dial.) tažax (Kach.), tazax (Sag.) (Joki 1952, 318)

Oyrat: tažaq

Halaj: taššaq

Yakut: tasaχ

Kirghiz: tašaq

Balkar: tašaq

Gagauz: tašaq

Karaim: tašaq

Comments: VEWT 466 (should be distinguished from *diāĺ 'stone'), EDT 562. (D-T 199 think that the Khal. geminate is compensating for vowel length in *diāĺ, which would be rather unprecedented in Turkic).

Proto-Turkic: *TAlk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tension of cords

Russian meaning: натяжение веревок

Karakhanid: talqɨɣ; talɣuč 'poles for fastening burden on animal's back', talɣuq 'wedge for fastening the axe blade' (MK)

Comments: EDT 496.

Proto-Turkic: *Tạm-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn (tr.) 2 to kindle 3 to become excited

Russian meaning: 1 жечь 2 зажигать 3 возбуждаться 4 загораться

Old Turkic: tam- 4, tamdur- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tamδur- 2 (MK)

Tatar: tamɨz- 2 (dial.)

Uighur: tamet- 2 (Lobn.)

Sary-Yughur: tam- 4, tam-dɨr- 1

Khakassian: tam-ɨl- 4, tamɨs- 2

Yakut: tɨmɨt- 3, tɨm-tɨk 'лучина'

Kirghiz: tam- 4, tamɨz- 2

Kazakh: tamɨz- 2

Noghai: tamɨz- 2

Karakalpak: tamɨz- 2

Comments: VEWT 459b, EDT 504, Лексика 363. Clauson thinks the root is < Chin., but this is highly improbable.

Proto-Turkic: *Tam-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to churn butter

Russian meaning: сбивать масло

Karakhanid: tamɨn- (MK)

Proto-Turkic: *tạnu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: know, get to know

Russian meaning: знать, узнавать

Karakhanid: tanu- 'сообщить, приказать' (MK)

Turkish: tanɨ-

Tatar: tanɨ-

Middle Turkic: tanɨ- (Abush.)

Uzbek: tani-

Uighur: tonu-, tani-

Sary-Yughur: tani-

Azerbaidzhan: tanɨ-

Turkmen: tanɨ-, (dial.) tānɨ-

Khakassian: tanɨ-

Shor: tanɨ-

Oyrat: tanɨ-

Chuvash: tɨn 'witness'

Tuva: tanɨ-

Tofalar: tanɨ-

Kirghiz: tānɨ-

Kazakh: tanɨ-

Noghai: tanɨ-

Bashkir: tanɨ-

Balkar: tanɨ-

Gagauz: tanɨ-

Karaim: tanɨ-

Karakalpak: tanɨ-

Salar: tanɨ-, tānɨ-

Kumyk: tanɨ-

Comments: VEWT 461, EDT 516. Turk. > MMo, WMong. tani- (see Щербак 1997, 153).

Proto-Turkic: *tap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to serve, worship

Russian meaning: поклоняться

Old Turkic: tap- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tap- (MK, KB)

Turkish: tap-ɨn-

Tatar: tabɨn-

Middle Turkic: tap- (Sangl., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tɔp-in-

Uighur: tev-in-

Azerbaidzhan: tapɨn-

Turkmen: tap-

Yakut: tap-tā- 'to love, like'

Dolgan: tap-tā- 'to love, like'

Kirghiz: tabɨn-

Kazakh: tabɨn-

Noghai: tabɨn-

Bashkir: tabɨn-

Balkar: tabɨn-

Karaim: tabɨn-

Karakalpak: tabɨn-

Comments: VEWT 462, EDT 435, Stachowski 217.

Proto-Turkic: *tăp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to find

Russian meaning: находить, встречать

Old Turkic: tap- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tap- (MK)

Turkish: tap-, dap- (dial.)

Tatar: tap-

Middle Turkic: tap- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔp-

Uighur: tap-

Sary-Yughur: tap-

Azerbaidzhan: tap-

Turkmen: tap-

Khakassian: tap-

Shor: tap-

Oyrat: tap-

Chuvash: top-

Yakut: tap- 'to hit the target'

Dolgan: taptar- 'sich fangen lassen'

Tuva: tɨp-

Tofalar: tɨ'p-

Kirghiz: tap-

Kazakh: tap-

Noghai: tap-

Bashkir: tap-

Balkar: tap-

Karaim: tap-

Karakalpak: tap-

Salar: ta'p- (ССЯ)

Kumyk: tap-

Comments: VEWT 462, EDT 435, Федотов 2, 248, Stachowski 217.

Proto-Turkic: *Tap-la-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to chop off splinters 2 to forge, hammer

Russian meaning: 1 тесать 2 ковать 3 трамбовать

Tatar: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Middle Turkic: tapla- 'бить, выравнивать' (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tɔpta- 3

Uighur: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Azerbaidzhan: tapdala- 2

Khakassian: tapta- 2, 3

Oyrat: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Chuvash: topta- 2, 3

Yakut: taptaj- 2, 3

Tuva: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Kirghiz: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Kazakh: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Noghai: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Balkar: tabla- 'to hammer'

Karaim: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Kumyk: tapta- 1, 2, 3

Comments: VEWT 462, ОСНЯ 2, 108-109, Ашм. XIV, 48.

Proto-Turkic: *TAr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: raft made of skins

Russian meaning: плот из бурдюков

Karakhanid: tar (MK)

Turkish: tar 'wooden raft' (dial.)

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) tar (AH)

Comments: VEWT 463, EDT 528, Лексика 537.

Proto-Turkic: *tArakaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snipe 2 hawk 3 a k. of lark 4 a k. of duck (кречетка) 5 corncrake 6 merganser

Russian meaning: 1 бекас 2 ястреб 3 вид жаворонка 4 утка-кречетка 5 коростель 6 крохаль

Karakhanid: tartar 'a bird like the turtle dove, a water-fowl' (MK)'

Turkish: taraɣaj 2

Middle Turkic: taraɣaj 3

Uzbek: tɔrɣɔq 4

Khakassian: taraɣaj 1, tārt 5

Oyrat: tarqat 6

Tofalar: tarhat 6 (ФиЛ 233)

Kirghiz: tartar 5

Kazakh: tarɣaq 'steppe bird', tartar 5

Comments: VEWT 463, EDT 536. There are two distinctive formations: *tara-kaj (a k. of steppe bird, but not quite clear - which), and *tartar (basically corncrake, but attested in MK with the meaning 'a bird like turtle dove, water-fowl'). They may be related, but the latter may also represent a borrowing < Sak. tatara 'partridge' (cf. also Armen. tatrak 'turtle-dove'), see Bailey 122.

Proto-Turkic: *TAram

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sinew, sinew thread 2 strand

Russian meaning: 1 сухожилие, жильная нить 2 прядь, клок (волос)

Tatar: taram 2; taramɨš (КСТТ) 1

Uzbek: taram 2

Uighur: taram (R) 1

Shor: taram 1

Oyrat: taram (R) 1

Kirghiz: taramɨš 1

Kazakh: taramɨs 1

Noghai: taramɨs 1

Bashkir: taramɨš 1

Karakalpak: taramɨs 1

Comments: VEWT 463. Usually considered to be derived from *tar- 'to be divided, go apart', which is rather strange semantically.

Proto-Turkic: *TArɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cultivate (ground)

Russian meaning: возделывать (землю)

Old Turkic: tarɨ- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tarɨ- (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: tarɨ- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uighur: teri- (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: tarɨ-

Khakassian: tarɨ-

Oyrat: tarɨ-

Tuva: tarɨ-

Tofalar: tarɨ-

Comments: EDT 532, ЭСТЯ 3, 157-159 (confused with *dạrɨ-g 'millet' q. v. sub *tăra).

Proto-Turkic: *Taŕɨl?

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: root

Russian meaning: корень

Tatar: tazɨl (КСТТ)

Khakassian: tazɨl

Shor: tazɨl

Oyrat: tazɨl

Tuva: dazɨl

Tofalar: dazɨl

Comments: Рас. ФиЛ 170.

Proto-Turkic: *tAs

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bad 2 quite

Russian meaning: 1 плохой, дурной 2 совсем

Karakhanid: tas 1 (MK - Oghuz, IM)

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tas 1 (Houts., Ettuhf., Bulgat.)

Turkmen: tas 2

Khakassian: tas-xara 'quite dark'

Tuva: tas 'excellent!'

Balkar: tas 1

Comments: VEWT 465, EDT 554.

Proto-Turkic: *Tata-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to become angry 2 irascible

Russian meaning: 1 остервенеть 2 вспыльчивый, раздражительный

Yakut: tatɨas 2

Tuva: tadɨ-la- 'to nicker, guffaw'

Kirghiz: tatar- 1

Comments: VEWT 467. Cf. Khalkha tataj 'an interjection of hate, loathe', perhaps originally < Turkic; the Mong. form = Khak., Oyr., Yak., Kirgh. tataj, Tuva dadaj.