Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Toŋa (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tiger

Russian meaning: тигр

Old Turkic: toŋa (Orkh.) 'a military title', (OUygh.) 'hero'

Karakhanid: toŋa (MK)

Comments: EDT 515 (with some doubts about the original meaning of the word).

Proto-Turkic: *To(ŋ)gurak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 poplar 2 willow

Russian meaning: 1 тополь 2 ива

Old Turkic: toɣraq (OUygh. - YB) 1

Karakhanid: toɣraq (MK) 1

Turkish: doranɨ 2 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: turaq (Pav. C.) 1, turunqu 2 (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: turaŋɣi 1

Uighur: toɣraq 1

Sary-Yughur: torɣaq 1

Azerbaidzhan: daraŋɣɨ 1 (dial.)

Turkmen: toGaraq 1, toraŋŋɨ 2

Kirghiz: tōraq 1

Kazakh: toraŋɣɨ 2

Comments: VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz 'poplar'.

Proto-Turkic: *top

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: all, completely; complex, collection

Russian meaning: весь, целиком; совокупность

Old Turkic: top (OUygh.), top-la- 'to collect' (Orkh., OUygh. - YB)

Turkish: top

Tatar: tuplɨq 'place where cattle is lying', tupla- 'to collect'

Middle Turkic: top (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tọp

Uighur: top

Azerbaidzhan: top

Turkmen: top

Yakut: tobō- 'to gather'

Kirghiz: top

Kazakh: top

Noghai: top

Bashkir: tup

Gagauz: top

Karaim: top

Karakalpak: top

Kumyk: topla- 'to collect'

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 493. Clauson considers the form top (rare in OUygh.) to be contracted < tolp < tolup < tol- 'to be full', which is quite dubious phonetically.

Proto-Turkic: *Top-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить сквозь

Old Turkic: topul- 'to pierce' (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topul- 'to pierce' (MK, KB)

Khakassian: tobɨr-

Yakut: tobul- 'прорубить, пробить'

Dolgan: tobul-

Karakalpak: topɨl- 'нападать, набрасываться, вторгаться'

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 440, Stachowski 224.

Proto-Turkic: *top

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round thing

Russian meaning: шар, мяч

Karakhanid: top (MK, IM), topɨq (MK, KB)

Turkish: top

Tatar: tup

Middle Turkic: top, tofuq (Sangl.); (MKypch.) topurčaq 'round' (CCum.)

Uzbek: tọp

Uighur: top, dop

Azerbaidzhan: top

Turkmen: top

Halaj: tuop

Chuvash: tubъ

Kirghiz: top

Kazakh: top, dop

Noghai: top

Bashkir: tup

Balkar: top

Gagauz: top

Karaim: top

Karakalpak: top

Kumyk: top

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 434, 437, TMN 2, 596-597, Егоров 258, Ашм. XIV, 143-144, Федотов 2, 249. One should also note OT tevir- 'to twist, turn' - probably a contamination of *top and *ebür- (OT evir-) id. (see EDT 443). Words meaning 'cone' reflect a partial contamination with PT *Tobur- 'cone' (v. sub *t`obú).

Proto-Turkic: *Topal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round vessel made of bark

Russian meaning: кузовок, лукошко (корзинка, плетеная из коры)

Tatar: tubal

Bashkir: tubal

Comments: VEWT 489.

Proto-Turkic: *topɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 knee cap 2 knee 3 ankle-bone

Russian meaning: 1 коленная чашечка 2 колено 3 лодыжка

Old Turkic: topɨq 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topɨq 3 (MK), 1 (KB, IM)

Turkish: topuk 3

Tatar: tubɨq 1

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) topuq (Houts., AH) 3

Uzbek: tọpiq 3

Uighur: topuq 3

Sary-Yughur: tōq 1

Azerbaidzhan: topuG 3

Turkmen: topuq 3

Khakassian: tomɨx 1, 3

Oyrat: topuq, tomuq 1, 3

Yakut: tobuk 2

Dolgan: tobuk 2

Tuva: dowuq 1

Tofalar: to'puq 1

Kirghiz: topuq, tomuq 1, 3

Kazakh: tobɨq 1, 3

Noghai: tobɨq 1, 3

Bashkir: tubɨq 1

Balkar: tobuq 2

Gagauz: topuq 3

Karaim: tobuq 3

Karakalpak: tobɨq 3

Kumyk: tobuq 2

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 437-8, Лексика 286, Stachowski 224. Both Räsänen and Clauson derive this word from PT *top 'pellet, round thing', but this is not likely because of external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *topon

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 straw 2 chaff, bran

Russian meaning: 1 солома 2 мякина, полова

Karakhanid: topun 'wheat chaff' (MK; EDT glosses 'a lump of food', probably incorrectly)

Tatar: tuban 2 (Тумашева 216)

Uzbek: tọpɔn 2

Uighur: topan 2

Turkmen: (dial.) tovān, tofān 1

Shor: toban 'хлебная пыль, труха'

Kirghiz: tɨpɨn 2

Kazakh: topan 2

Karaim: toban 1

Karakalpak: topan 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 8; despite Tekin 1969, 65 should be kept distinct from *topraq 'dust'.

Proto-Turkic: *topra-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: earth, soil

Russian meaning: земля, почва

Old Turkic: topraq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topraq (MK, KB)

Turkish: toprak

Tatar: tufraq

Middle Turkic: topraɣ/q, tofraɣ/q (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuprɔq

Uighur: tofraq, topraq

Sary-Yughur: durvaq

Azerbaidzhan: torpaG

Turkmen: topraq

Khakassian: tobɨrax

Shor: tobraq

Oyrat: tobraq

Halaj: turpaq

Chuvash: tъʷpra

Yakut: toburax

Tuva: dovuraq

Tofalar: to'praq

Kirghiz: topuraq

Kazakh: topɨraq

Noghai: topɨraq

Bashkir: tupraq

Balkar: topraq

Gagauz: topraq

Karaim: topraq, toprax

Karakalpak: topɨraq

Salar: to(:)rɨχ

Kumyk: topraq

Comments: Derived from PT *topra- 'to turn into dust, dry out'. See VEWT 489, EDT 443, 444, Лексика 99. Turk. > WMong. tobrag, Kalm. towrǝg (KW 404).

Proto-Turkic: *tor

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: net for catching birds or fish

Russian meaning: сеть

Old Turkic: tor (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tor (MK, KB)

Turkish: tor

Middle Turkic: tor (Abush., Sangl.) 'net, hair net'

Uzbek: tọr

Uighur: tor

Azerbaidzhan: tor

Turkmen: tor

Halaj: tū̊r

Kirghiz: tor

Kazakh: tor

Bashkir: tur

Karakalpak: tor

Kumyk: tor

Comments: TMN 2, N^o 954, EDT 528, Лексика 419-420. The relationship to *duŕak 'trap' (ЭСТЯ 3, 289-290, Лексика 420-421) is not quite clear.

Proto-Turkic: *Tor-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cranberry, bilberry 2 elder 3 moss

Russian meaning: 1 клюква, черника 2 бузина 3 мох

Khakassian: torslas 2 (Sag.), torbas 3

Shor: torslaš 2, torbas 3, torbas čestegi 1

Oyrat: torbos 1, 3

Comments: VEWT 490, Дмитриева 181, 192. A local Siberian word with somewhat unclear morphological structure.

Proto-Turkic: *torgaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 small bird 2 lark

Russian meaning: 1 маленькая птица 2 жаворонок

Old Turkic: torɨɣa 1

Karakhanid: turumtaj 'a predatory bird used for hawking' (MK)

Turkish: turgaj 2

Tatar: turɣaj 2

Azerbaidzhan: toraɣaj

Turkmen: torGaj 2

Khakassian: pos-tarɣaj 2

Chuvash: tъʷri 2

Yakut: tujār 1

Kirghiz: torɣoj 2

Comments: VEWT 490, EDT 550, TMN 2, 482-3, Лексика 176. Turk. > Kalm. torɣǟ (KW 401).

Proto-Turkic: *tosun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild, undisciplined

Russian meaning: дикий, необъезженный

Old Turkic: tosun (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tosun (MK)

Turkish: tosun 'bull-calf; young man'

Middle Turkic: tusan (Буд.)

Uighur: tosun

Azerbaidzhan: tōsun (dial. ДСАз 385)

Turkmen: tosun

Chuvash: tos- 'to rave'

Kirghiz: tusap-sa 'quarrelsome'

Kazakh: tosɨn 'unexpectedly', tosɨrqa- 'to stand aloof'

Comments: EDT 555-556, VEWT 491, TMN 2, 613-614, Ашм. XIV, 175, 180, Федотов 2, 255-256.

Proto-Turkic: *tōj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to sing

Russian meaning: петь

Turkish: tujuq (Osm.)

Middle Turkic: tujuq 'a verse metre'

Uighur: tujuq 'rhymed verse'

Yakut: tuoj- 'to sing, chant', tojuk 'improvised song'

Comments: EDT 568.

Proto-Turkic: *tōŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dust

Russian meaning: пыль

Old Turkic: toz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toz (MK)

Turkish: toz

Tatar: tuzan

Middle Turkic: toz (Sangl.), tos (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: tọzɔn

Uighur: toz

Sary-Yughur: tos

Azerbaidzhan: toz

Turkmen: tōz, tozan

Khakassian: tozɨn

Shor: tozun

Oyrat: tozɨn

Kirghiz: toz

Kazakh: toz

Noghai: tozan

Bashkir: tuδan

Gagauz: tōz

Karaim: toz

Karakalpak: toz

Comments: VEWT 492, EDT 580-1, Лексика 99-100. Cf. also Yak. tor 'soot'. Despite Лексика, the stem tozan is rather not a deverbative in -ɣan from the verb toz- (cf. the absence of any traces of -ɣ-), but a denominative (like er - eren); this would explain the lack of length in Turkm. This may also be a noun in -n derived from a denominative verb in -а- (Turkm. toza- 'to become dusty', also without length).

Proto-Turkic: *Tōr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to become lean, hungry 2 lean, hungry

Russian meaning: 1 отощать, проголодаться 2 тощий, голодный

Old Turkic: turuq 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tūr- (ō?) 1 (MK), turuq 1 (MK)

Middle Turkic: turɣun 'fatigué' (Pav. C.)

Uighur: toryɣ 2

Sary-Yughur: tor 2

Oyrat: torɨn- (Верб. - Tel.)

Yakut: tuor- 1, tuor 2

Tuva: dor- 1

Kirghiz: toruq- 1

Kazakh: torɨq- 1

Bashkir: torma 2 (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 530, 539, Clark 1977, 157.

Proto-Turkic: *Tōŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: birch bark 2 birch cover (for a bow) 3 vessel made of birch bark

Russian meaning: береста, изделия из бересты

Old Turkic: toz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toz 'полоска для обертывания лука' (MK)

Turkish: (Osm.) toz 'материал для обертки лука'

Tatar: tuz

Middle Turkic: toz 'кора горного миндаля, которой обертывают луки' (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tọs 'березовая кора, идущая на отделку седла'

Khakassian: tos, dial. toš

Shor: tos

Oyrat: tos

Yakut: tuos

Dolgan: tuos xā

Tuva: tos

Tofalar: dos

Kirghiz: toz 'чага'

Kazakh: toz

Bashkir: tuδ

Karakalpak: toz

Comments: VEWT 491-2, EDT 571, Лексика 103. Turk. > WMong. tous, toos, Kalm. tōs, see Clark 1980, 39.

Proto-Turkic: *tōr-um

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 young camel 2 a young calf 3 a goat that has yeaned early 4 young 5 a cow that has not calved yet

Russian meaning: 1 верблюжонок 2 теленок 3 коза, объягнившаяся в возрасте до 1 года 4 молодой (о человеке, дереве) 5 нетель

Karakhanid: torum 1, torpɨ 2 (MK)

Turkish: deve torun 1, torum (dial.) 1; torbuč (dial.) 3, (?) toru (dial.) 4

Tatar: tōrbaq (КСТТ) 2

Middle Turkic: torum 1 (Sangl., Pav. C.), torbaq 2 (MA 126)

Uighur: topaq 2, topaq-torum 'young calves'

Turkmen: tōrum 1

Khakassian: torbax 2

Oyrat: torboq 2, torboč (dial. Kumd.) 5

Yakut: torbos, torbuǯax 2

Tuva: dorum 1

Kirghiz: torpoq 2

Kazakh: torpaq 2

Bashkir: tana-turpaq 2

Gagauz: (?) tor 'unbroken (of a horse), untrodden (of a path)'

Salar: torɨ 'foal' (ССЯ)

Comments: EDT 533, 549, VEWT 491. Turk. > WMong. torum, Kalm. torm (KW 402, Щербак 1997, 158, Clark 1977, 155-156. The Tur. dial. doɣrum is a result of contamination with doɣur- 'to bear'. Forms like torp-ak are diminutives in -ak (with almost always regular cluster development). Forms like Tur. torun 'grandchild', as well as Tur. dial. tor 'young' may be Iranisms (but not Armenisms, as suggested in Буд. 1, 747 - Armen. toṙn 'grandchild' is itself obviously < Iranian) - see Аб. 3, 280.

Proto-Turkic: *Tögen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 brand 2 tinder

Russian meaning: 1 головня 2 трут

Karakhanid: tögün (MK) 1

Turkish: (Osm.) dögün 'tattoo'

Middle Turkic: tögen (Abush., Sangl.) 1

Oyrat: töön 2

Yakut: tüön 2

Tuva: dȫn 'wick'

Comments: EDT 484. Turk. > WMong. tögene, Khalkha tȫn, Kalm. tȫnǝ, Dag. tuǝn 'cauterization' (L 832, KW 408, MGCD 643).

Proto-Turkic: *Tök

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tree stump

Russian meaning: пень

Khakassian: tökpes

Shor: tögeš

Tuva: töš

Comments: VEWT 493, 495.