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Proto-Turkic: *Tömgek
Meaning: stump
Russian meaning: пень
Tatar: tümgɛk
Uzbek: tọngak
Turkmen: töŋŋe
Khakassian: dial. tökbeš (Joki - Kyz.) Oyrat: töŋöš
Chuvash: tǝm,tǝmeke
Yakut: töŋürgäs, tögürgäs
Dolgan: töŋürges
Tofalar: döhöš
Kazakh: diŋgek
Bashkir: t/düŋgäk, tümkäk
Balkar: töŋgek
Karaim: tüngek
Karakalpak: diŋgek
Kumyk: töngek
Proto-Turkic: *töŋ-
Meaning: to bow
Russian meaning: наклонять
Old Turkic: töŋit- (~-ü-) (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: töŋit- (MK , KB ) Tatar: tüŋ- 'to be toppled, turn upside down'
Turkmen: tüŋŋi 'bent'
Khakassian: töŋnüg 'convex'
Oyrat: töŋkök 'convex'
Yakut: töŋköi-
Proto-Turkic: *töŕ
Meaning: 1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestors
Russian meaning: 1 корень 2 происхождение, основание, род, предки
Old Turkic: töz (OUygh.) 2
Karakhanid: töz (MK , KB ) 2 Tatar: tüz 2 (dial.)
Khakassian: tös 'original spirits', tös-te- 'to lay ground'
Shor: tös 2, tös-tük 'tree trunk'
Oyrat: tös 2; 'shrub; original spirits'
Chuvash: türe 'object of dedication; spirit'
Yakut: törüt 2
Dolgan: törüt
Tuva: dös 1, 2, 'shrub'
Tofalar: dös, tös 1
Kirghiz: töz, tös 2
Bashkir: tüz 2 (dial.)
Proto-Turkic: *töre-
Meaning: to be born, originate
Russian meaning: рождаться, происходить
Old Turkic: törü- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: törü- (MK , KB ) Turkish: türe-
Tatar: türä- (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: törä-
Turkmen: döre-
Khakassian: törǝ-
Oyrat: törö-
Yakut: törȫ-
Dolgan: törȫ-
Tuva: törü-
Tofalar: dörü-
Kirghiz: törö-
Karaim: töre-
Karakalpak: döre-
Proto-Turkic: *törpi-gü
Meaning: file, rasp
Russian meaning: напильник
Turkish: törpü
Azerbaidzhan: törpü
Turkmen: törpi
Tuva: dürbǖ
Kirghiz: türpü
Kazakh: türpi
Noghai: türpi
Bashkir: törpö (dial.)
Gagauz: törpü
Karakalpak: türpi
Proto-Turkic: *Tȫkün
Meaning: lie, archness
Russian meaning: ложь, лукавство
Karakhanid: tögün (ПДП 433 - KB W, R 3, 1245 - KB ) Tatar: (КСТТ ) tügün, tügen Khakassian: tügen 'a voodoo way of curing' (arch.)
Shor: tögün
Oyrat: tögün
Chuvash: tuga tu- 'to conjure', togatmъš 'sorcerer'
Yakut: tüökün, tüökej
Dolgan: tüökün
Kirghiz: tögün
Proto-Turkic: *tȫr
Meaning: honorary place in the house
Russian meaning: почетное место в юрте
Old Turkic: tör (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tör (KB ), töre (MK ) Turkish: dör (dial.)
Tatar: tür
Uzbek: tọr
Uighur: tö(r)
Sary-Yughur: tör, türi
Azerbaidzhan: dör (dial.)
Turkmen: tȫr
Khakassian: tör
Shor: tör
Oyrat: tör
Tuva: dör
Kirghiz: tör
Kazakh: tör
Noghai: tör
Bashkir: tür
Balkar: tör
Karaim: tör
Karakalpak: tör
Kumyk: tör
Proto-Turkic: *tubńa-k
Meaning: hoof
Russian meaning: копыто
Karakhanid: tujaɣ (MK ), tujnaq (IM ) Turkish: dujnak
Tatar: tojaq
Uzbek: tujɔq
Uighur: tuwaq
Sary-Yughur: tujaɣ, tɨjɨɣ
Turkmen: tojnaq
Khakassian: tujɣax
Shor: tujɣaq
Oyrat: tujɣaq
Yakut: tuj̃ax
Dolgan: tuńak
Tuva: dujuɣ
Kirghiz: tujaq
Kazakh: tujaq
Noghai: tujaq
Bashkir: tojaq
Balkar: tujaq
Karaim: tujaq
Karakalpak: tujaq, dojnaq (< Turkm.)
Kumyk: tujaq
Comments: VEWT 499-500, EDT 519, Лексика 147, Stachowski 230. Chag., Uygh. tuwaq point to a labial *-b- in the stem, while Yak. -j̃- and -j- in other languages - to *-ń-: these reflexes can only be reconciled if we accept a cluster like *-bń- in the protoform (perhaps a contraction < *tupi-nak or sim.).Proto-Turkic: *Tug
Meaning: dam, fish trap
Russian meaning: запруда, верша
Old Turkic: tuɣ (Orkh.)
Uighur: tuɣ
Khakassian: tuɣ
Shor: tuɣ
Yakut: tū
Tuva: duɣ-da- 'to make a partition'
Tofalar: duɣ
Kirghiz: tuq
Bashkir: dial. tɨw
Proto-Turkic: *Tugur
Meaning: 1 a k. of tent 2 tent covering
Russian meaning: 1 вид шатра 2 покрышка шатра
Turkish: turluk (dial.) 2
Middle Turkic: tuɣur 1, tuɣurluq 2 (Pav. C. ) Turkmen: durluq 2
Kirghiz: tūrduq 2
Kazakh: tuwɨrluq 2
Karakalpak: tuwɨrluq 2
Comments: Лексика 515. Tur. turluk, Turkm. durluG show irregular reflexation; we may be dealing with some interlingual loans here; the quality of the initial dental in PT is thus not quite clear.Proto-Turkic: *Tujug
Meaning: whole, complete
Russian meaning: полностью
Old Turkic: tujɣun 'high official' (Orkh.)
Shor: tujuq
Oyrat: tuj 'compact, solid'; (dial.) tujaɣ 1 (R - Leb.)
Yakut: tuj(u)gun 'excellent', tujulā- 'to reach a high degree' (Пек. ) Kirghiz: tujuq
Proto-Turkic: *tul- (*tol-)
Meaning: 1 skin container 2 scraped skin
Russian meaning: 1 кожаный мешок 2 голая, ободранная шкура
Old Turkic: tolquq (OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: tolquq (MK ) 1 Azerbaidzhan: tuluG 1
Oyrat: tulaq 2
Proto-Turkic: *tul(g)uŋ
Meaning: 1 temple 2 plait
Russian meaning: 1 висок, 2 коса
Old Turkic: tuluŋ (OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: tuluŋ/n 1 (MK ), tulun (IM ) Turkish: tulun 1
Tatar: tolɨm 2
Sary-Yughur: tulɨn 2 (ЯЖУ ) Turkmen: duluq 'cheek' (?)
Khakassian: tuluŋ 2
Shor: tuluŋ 2
Oyrat: tuluŋ 2
Chuvash: tъlъm 'a tuft of wool left after shearing sheep'
Kirghiz: tulum 2
Kazakh: tulɨm
Noghai: tulɨm
Bashkir: tolom 2
Karakalpak: tulɨm
Kumyk: tulum 1 (dial.)
Comments: VEWT 498, EDT 501, ДТС 585, Лексика 203-204. The Turkm. form is not quite clear: it has an aberrant (although semantically not very remote) meaning, suffix and voiced d-.Proto-Turkic: *tum-
Meaning: 1 hat, cap 2 snout 3 beak 4 nose
Russian meaning: 1 шапка 2 морда 3 клюв 4 нос
Old Turkic: tomaɣa 1 (OUygh. - XIV ), tumšuq 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tumšuq 3 (MK , KB ) Turkish: tomšuk 3
Tatar: tumaq 1 (КСТТ ), tomšɨq 3, (КСТТ ) 4 Uzbek: tumɔq 1, tumšuq 2, 3, 4
Uighur: tumaq 1, tumšuq 2, 3, 4
Sary-Yughur: tɨmsɨq 3
Turkmen: tumšuq 2
Khakassian: tumzux 2, 3, 4
Shor: tunčuq 2, 3
Oyrat: tubaq 1 (Leb.), tumčuq 2, 3, 4
Yakut: tumus 2, 3
Dolgan: tumus 'cape'
Tuva: dumčuq 3, 4
Tofalar: tun'čuq 3
Kirghiz: tumaq 1, tumšuq 2, 3
Kazakh: tɨmaq 1, tumsɨq 2, 3
Noghai: tumsɨq 2
Bashkir: tomšoq 2, 3
Karakalpak: tumaq 1, tumsɨq 2, 3
Proto-Turkic: *tum-gu-
Meaning: 1 water nut 2 water-lily
Russian meaning: 1 водяной орех 2 кувшинка
Karakhanid: tumɣujun (IM ) 1 Turkish: tumaɣan (Osm.) 1
Tatar: tönböjek, (КСТТ ) tomqɨjɨq 2 Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tumɣɨjuq 'лепесток водяной лилии' (Ettuhf. ) Oyrat: tumɣajaq 2 (Tel.)
Bashkir: tombojoq 2
Proto-Turkic: *turup / *turum
Meaning: turnip
Russian meaning: репа
Turkish: tur(u)p
Turkmen: turp
Comments: VEWT 501, EDT 549 (the Pers. forms are more probably < Turkic).Proto-Turkic: *Tus-
Meaning: 1 profit, benefit 2 to be profitable
Russian meaning: 1 выгода 2 быть выгодным
Old Turkic: tusu 1 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tusu 1 (MK ), tus- 2, tusuɣluɣ 'good service' (KB ) Khakassian: tuza
Oyrat: tuza
Yakut: tuha
Dolgan: tuha-lā- 'be helpful', tuhan- 'use'
Tuva: duza
Comments: VEWT 501, Stachowski 230. Turk. > MMong. (MA ) tusa, WMong. tusa 'help, service' (see Clark 1977 , 157, Щербак 1997 , 159; not vice versa, despite Sinor 1970 ), whence Man. tusa etc., see Doerfer MT 100, and possibly some modern Turkic forms as backloans.Proto-Turkic: *tut-
Meaning: to grasp
Russian meaning: держать, хватать
Old Turkic: tut- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: tut-
Tatar: tot-
Uzbek: tut-
Uighur: tut-
Sary-Yughur: tut-
Azerbaidzhan: tut-
Turkmen: tut-
Khakassian: tut-
Shor: tut-
Oyrat: tut-
Halaj: tut-
Chuvash: tɨt-
Yakut: tut-
Dolgan: tut-
Tuva: tu't-
Tofalar: tu't-
Kirghiz: tut-
Kazakh: tut-
Noghai: tut-
Bashkir: tot-
Balkar: tut-
Gagauz: tut-
Karaim: tut-
Karakalpak: tut-
Salar: tut-
Kumyk: tut-
Proto-Turkic: *Tūkrag (?)
Meaning: royal sign manual
Russian meaning: знак царской власти
Karakhanid: tuɣraɣ (MK - Oghuz), tuɣra (IM ) Turkish: tuɣra
Uzbek: tuɣrɔ
Comments: VEWT 496. EDT 471, TMN 3, 342-343. The word may belong here if it is not derived < tūg 'banner' ( < Chin.).Proto-Turkic: *tüge-le-
Meaning: whirlwind, (snow-)storm
Russian meaning: вихрь, (снежная) буря
Azerbaidzhan: tülex (dial.)
Turkmen: tüvelej
Comments: Лексика 44-45. The root is local, but for phonetic reasons should be kept distinct from *tüpi 'wind, storm' q. v. sub *t`i̯up`i (with which it is linked in EDT 436).turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tof,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-uig,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-tat,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-azb,turcet-alt,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-alt,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-trm,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-uzb,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-reference,
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