Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *tum-gu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 water nut 2 water-lily

Russian meaning: 1 водяной орех 2 кувшинка

Karakhanid: tumɣujun (IM) 1

Turkish: tumaɣan (Osm.) 1

Tatar: tönböjek, (КСТТ) tomqɨjɨq 2

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tumɣɨjuq 'лепесток водяной лилии' (Ettuhf.)

Oyrat: tumɣajaq 2 (Tel.)

Kazakh: tumbujuq (R) 1

Bashkir: tombojoq 2

Comments: VEWT 499.

Proto-Turkic: *turup / *turum

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: turnip

Russian meaning: репа

Karakhanid: turma (MK)

Turkish: tur(u)p

Turkmen: turp

Comments: VEWT 501, EDT 549 (the Pers. forms are more probably < Turkic).

Proto-Turkic: *Tus-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 profit, benefit 2 to be profitable

Russian meaning: 1 выгода 2 быть выгодным

Old Turkic: tusu 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tusu 1 (MK), tus- 2, tusuɣluɣ 'good service' (KB)

Khakassian: tuza

Oyrat: tuza

Yakut: tuha

Dolgan: tuha-lā- 'be helpful', tuhan- 'use'

Tuva: duza

Comments: VEWT 501, Stachowski 230. Turk. > MMong. (MA) tusa, WMong. tusa 'help, service' (see Clark 1977, 157, Щербак 1997, 159; not vice versa, despite Sinor 1970), whence Man. tusa etc., see Doerfer MT 100, and possibly some modern Turkic forms as backloans.

Proto-Turkic: *tut-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to grasp

Russian meaning: держать, хватать

Old Turkic: tut- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tut- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: tut-

Tatar: tot-

Middle Turkic: tut- (Sangl., Abush., MA)

Uzbek: tut-

Uighur: tut-

Sary-Yughur: tut-

Azerbaidzhan: tut-

Turkmen: tut-

Khakassian: tut-

Shor: tut-

Oyrat: tut-

Halaj: tut-

Chuvash: tɨt-

Yakut: tut-

Dolgan: tut-

Tuva: tu't-

Tofalar: tu't-

Kirghiz: tut-

Kazakh: tut-

Noghai: tut-

Bashkir: tot-

Balkar: tut-

Gagauz: tut-

Karaim: tut-

Karakalpak: tut-

Salar: tut-

Kumyk: tut-

Comments: VEWT 502, EDT 451, Егоров 268-269, Федотов 2, 268-269, Stachowski 233.

Proto-Turkic: *Tūkrag (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: royal sign manual

Russian meaning: знак царской власти

Karakhanid: tuɣraɣ (MK - Oghuz), tuɣra (IM)

Turkish: tuɣra

Uzbek: tuɣrɔ

Comments: VEWT 496. EDT 471, TMN 3, 342-343. The word may belong here if it is not derived < tūg 'banner' ( < Chin.).

Proto-Turkic: *tüge-le-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: whirlwind, (snow-)storm

Russian meaning: вихрь, (снежная) буря

Azerbaidzhan: tülex (dial.)

Turkmen: tüvelej

Shor: tǖlek (Верб.)

Comments: Лексика 44-45. The root is local, but for phonetic reasons should be kept distinct from *tüpi 'wind, storm' q. v. sub *t`i̯up`i (with which it is linked in EDT 436).

Proto-Turkic: *tüke-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to come to an end

Russian meaning: кончаться, истощаться

Old Turkic: tüke- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tüke- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: tüken-

Tatar: tögen-

Middle Turkic: tüken- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuga-, tugan-

Uighur: tügü-

Sary-Yughur: tüke-

Azerbaidzhan: tükän-

Turkmen: tüken-

Khakassian: tügel-

Shor: tügen-

Oyrat: tügen-

Halaj: tiken-

Yakut: tüksü, tügüsü 'enough, completely'

Kirghiz: tügön-

Kazakh: tüges-

Balkar: tügen-

Gagauz: tüken-

Karaim: tügen-, tigen-

Kumyk: tügen-

Comments: VEWT 504, EDT 479, 484.

Proto-Turkic: *Tüĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fruit, seed

Russian meaning: плод, семя

Old Turkic: tüš (OUygh.)

Tatar: töš

Chuvash: tǝʷžǝʷ > Komi tuś, NW tǝržǝ

Bashkir: töš

Comments: EDT 558-559, VEWT 507, Лексика 114, Федотов 2, 225, Егоров 249.

Proto-Turkic: *tülki / tilkü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fox

Russian meaning: лиса

Old Turkic: tilkü (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tilkü (MK, Tefs., IM), tilki (KB)

Turkish: tilki

Tatar: tölke

Middle Turkic: tülkü (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tulki

Uighur: tülkä

Sary-Yughur: tolɣo (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: tülkü

Turkmen: tilki

Khakassian: tülgü

Shor: tülgü

Oyrat: tülkü; tilgü (dial. - Баск. Туба)

Halaj: tilkü, tülkü

Chuvash: tilǝ

Tuva: dilgi

Tofalar: dilgi

Kirghiz: tülkü

Kazakh: tülki

Noghai: tülki

Bashkir: tölkö

Balkar: tülkü

Gagauz: tilki

Karaim: tülkü

Karakalpak: tülki

Salar: t'iligu (Kakuk), tüligu (ССЯ)

Kumyk: tülkü

Comments: See VEWT 480, EDT 498-499, Щербак 1961, 135, Лексика 161.

Proto-Turkic: *Tümen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ten thousand; very much

Russian meaning: десять тысяч; очень много

Old Turkic: tümen (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tümen (MK, KB), (Kypch. 14 cent.) dümen

Turkish: tümen

Tatar: tömɛn

Middle Turkic: tümen (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuman

Uighur: tümän

Sary-Yughur: tü̆men (ЯЖУ)

Turkmen: tümen (arch.)

Oyrat: tümen

Yakut: tümän

Tuva: tümen

Kirghiz: tümön

Karaim: tümen, kimen, timen

Comments: VEWT 504, EDT 507-508, Лексика 574-575. In general we agree with Doerfer's arguments (TMN 2, 632-642: the Turkic word is the source of Persian tūmān '10000', not vice versa, although in some cases the word was borrowed back into Turkic (in particular: Az. tümän, Khal. timän 'a Persian coin', KBalk., Kum. tümen '10 roubles'); the Tokharian word, whose IE source is highly dubious, is most probably < Turkic; a Chinese source is extremely dubious). Turk. > Mong. tümen (see TMN 2, 641, Щербак 1997, 160), whence Evk. tumen etc., see Doerfer MT 78. Weak evidence of initial voice (*d- should be expected in PT) may be due to later cultural interborrowing.

Proto-Turkic: *tün

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 night 2 yesterday

Russian meaning: 1 ночь 2 вчера

Old Turkic: tün 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tün 1 (MK, KB), dün, tün 'night, dark' (IM)

Turkish: tün 1, dün 2

Tatar: tön 1

Middle Turkic: tün 1 (Abush.), 'dark' (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tun 1

Uighur: tün 1

Sary-Yughur: tune, tün 1

Azerbaidzhan: dünän 1

Turkmen: tün 1, dǖn 2

Khakassian: tün 1, 'dark'

Shor: tün 1

Oyrat: tün 1

Yakut: tǖn 1

Dolgan: tǖn

Tuva: dün 1

Tofalar: dün 1

Kirghiz: tün 1

Kazakh: tun 1

Noghai: tün 1

Bashkir: tön 1

Balkar: tün 1

Gagauz: dün 2

Karaim: tün 1

Karakalpak: tün 1

Kumyk: tun, tün 1

Comments: VEWT 505, EDT 513, ЭСТЯ 3, 315-316, Лексика 81, Stachowski 236. Cf. also Yak. tüŋ 'dark, darkness' (< *tün-Vk). The variant *dǖn, reflected in some languages, is obviously due to a secondary influence of *dǖĺ 'dream' (v. sub *t`ūĺke), as well as the archaic compound *tü-gün 'yesterday' (*'that day'), preserved in: Tur. dial. dühün, SUygh. tugɨn, Tuva, Tof. dǖn.

Proto-Turkic: *tüŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: funnel, window

Russian meaning: дымовое отверстие, окно

Old Turkic: tügnük (OUygh. - YB), tünlük (late OUygh. - Lig. VSOu)

Karakhanid: tüŋlük (MK), t/dünlük (IM)

Turkish: tüjnük

Tatar: tönläk

Middle Turkic: tüjnik (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tujnuk

Uighur: tüŋlük

Sary-Yughur: tɨndɨk

Turkmen: tüjnük

Khakassian: tünük

Shor: tündük

Oyrat: tünük

Chuvash: tǝʷnǝʷ

Yakut: tünnük

Dolgan: tünnük

Tuva: dündük

Tofalar: düŋnük

Kirghiz: tündük

Kazakh: tüŋdik

Noghai: tünlik

Bashkir: tönlök

Karakalpak: tüŋlik

Salar: tümlüx

Kumyk: tüŋülük

Comments: VEWT 505, TMN 2, 643-645, EDT 520, Лексика 506-507, 516, Stachowski 234.

Proto-Turkic: *Tüŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 metaphor 2 summary, conclusion 3 interpreter 4 reality

Russian meaning: 1 притча, иносказание 2 итог, обобщение 3 переводчик 4 явь

Uighur: tüŋči 3

Oyrat: tüŋ 1 (Верб.), tüŋej 'одинаковый'

Yakut: tüŋet- 'делить, распределять'

Dolgan: tüŋehe 'ein Brauch, dem gemäß ein Jäger das Fleisch des von ihm erlegten Rentiers den Nachbarn schenkt und für sich selbst nur den Rentierkopf behält, welcher ihm Glück bringen soll'

Tuva: tüŋ 2

Balkar: tün 4

Comments: VEWT 505, Stachowski 235.

Proto-Turkic: *tüpi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 high wind 2 dust-storm, storm

Russian meaning: 1 вьюга 2 пылевая буря

Karakhanid: tüpi 1 (MK)

Turkish: tipi 2

Uzbek: (dial.) dübüläj 2

Yakut: tibī 1, tip- 'to blow'

Dolgan: tibī 1, tip- 'to blow (of a snowstorm)'

Tuva: düvü 2

Tofalar: töp`ö 2

Karakalpak: dübelej 2

Comments: EDT 436, VEWT 503, Лексика 48, Stachowski 222, 223. The Uzb. and KKalp. forms may reflect a merger with PT *tüge-le(j) (v. sub *t`ŭge).

Proto-Turkic: *tüpkür-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to spit

Russian meaning: плевать

Karakhanid: tüfkür- (Tafs.)

Turkish: tükür-

Tatar: töker-

Middle Turkic: tükür- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: tupur-, tup-la-

Uighur: tükür-, tükär-

Azerbaidzhan: tüpür-

Turkmen: tüjkür-

Khakassian: tükür-

Shor: tükkür-

Oyrat: tükür-

Tuva: dükpür-

Tofalar: tükkür-

Kirghiz: tükür-

Kazakh: tükir-

Noghai: tükir-

Bashkir: tökör-

Balkar: tükür-

Karaim: tükür-

Karakalpak: tükir-

Kumyk: tükür-

Comments: VEWT 504.

Proto-Turkic: *tüt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to quarrel

Russian meaning: ссориться

Old Turkic: tütüš- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tütüš- (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: tütüš- (MKypch. - Houts.)

Turkmen: tüte- 'be angry at smb.'

Chuvash: tǝtǝr- 'to scold'

Comments: VEWT 507, EDT 462 (if not a metaphor for *tüt- 'to fume').

Proto-Turkic: *tüt-ün, *tüt-süg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to smoke 2 smoke

Russian meaning: 1 дымить 2 дым

Old Turkic: tüt(e)-1, tütün, tütsüg 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tüt(e)- 1 (KB), tüte-t- caus. (1), tütün, tütsüg 2 (MK)

Turkish: tüt- 1, tütün 2

Tatar: tötä- 1, töten 2

Middle Turkic: tütsi 2 (Sangl.), tütün 2 (MKypch. - Houts.)

Uzbek: tutun 2

Uighur: tütün 'tobacco'

Sary-Yughur: tüt- 1, tutun 'tobacco'

Azerbaidzhan: tüstü 2

Turkmen: tüte- 1, tüsse 2

Khakassian: tüde- 1, tüdün 2

Shor: tüdün 2

Oyrat: tüdün 2

Halaj: titi- 1

Chuvash: tǝʷdǝʷm 2

Tuva: düdüskek 'haze'; düdü- 'to rot, mould'

Tofalar: tütü- (ФиЛ 177 düdü-) 'to rot, mould'

Kirghiz: tütö- 1, tütün 2

Kazakh: tüte- 1, tutin 2

Noghai: tüte- 1, tütin 2

Bashkir: tötä- 1, tötön 2

Balkar: tütün 2

Gagauz: tüt- 1, tütün 2

Karaim: tüte- 1, tutun 2

Karakalpak: tüte- 1, töten 2

Salar: cücyn, tɨssɨ 2 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: tütün 2

Comments: PT *tüt-ün, *tüt-süg - derivations from *tüt(e)- 'to smoke'. See VEWT 507, EDT 452, 457-8, 461, TMN 2, 605, Лексика 364-365. The Tuva-Tof. verb meaning 'to rot' may belong here as well, though the absence of pharyngealization in Tof. is strange.

Proto-Turkic: *tǖk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 feather 2 (animal's) hair 3 (body) hair 4 fur 5 hair

Russian meaning: 1 перо 2 шерсть (животного) 3 волос (на теле) 4 мех 5 волос

Old Turkic: tü 1, 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tü 3 (MK, KB)

Turkish: tüj 1-5

Tatar: tök 1, 2, 3

Middle Turkic: tük, tüj, tüg 3 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuk 3

Uighur: tük 2, 3

Azerbaidzhan: tük 1,2,3,5

Turkmen: tüj 2,3

Khakassian: tük 1, 2, 3

Shor: tük 1

Oyrat: tük 1, 2, 3

Halaj: tīk 3

Chuvash: tǝʷk 1, 3

Yakut: tǖ 1, 2, 3, 4

Dolgan: tǖ 1, 2

Tuva: dük 3, 5

Tofalar: dük (Рас. ФиЛ), tük 2, 3, 5

Kirghiz: tük 2, 3

Kazakh: tük 3

Noghai: tük 1, 2, 3

Bashkir: tök 2, 3

Balkar: tük 1, 2, 3

Gagauz: tüj 1, 2, 3

Karaim: tik, t́uk 2, 3

Karakalpak: tük 1, 2, 3

Salar: tüx, ʒ́üx 2 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: tük 3

Comments: VEWT 503; EDT 433 (: originally only 'body hair', opposed to sač 'hair of head', kɨl 'hair (in general)' and jüg 'feather'); Лексика 197-198; Stachowski 236. Loss of *-k in OT and Yak. is not quite clear (perhaps a rather unique development of the final *-ǖk).

Proto-Turkic: *TVbVr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: second

Russian meaning: второй

Old Turkic: Bulg. tvirem

Chuvash: tebǝr, tebǝrew

Comments: Chuv. -b- is secondary, on analogy with pǝʷrem 'first'.

Proto-Turkic: *ubɨg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sticks supporting the upper rim of a yurt

Russian meaning: жерди, поддерживающие верхний край юрты

Old Turkic: uɣ (MK); ujuɣluɣ ( = uvuɣluɣ) 'tent pole' (MK)

Turkish: huɣ 'hut'

Middle Turkic: uɣ (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ūɣ (dial.)

Uighur: oq (dial.)

Turkmen: ūq

Shor: uɣ, ū 'house, yurt' (R)

Oyrat: ū 'das Stangenrippe der Jurte, über welches die Filzdecken ausgebreitet werden' (R - Teleut)

Kirghiz: ūq

Kazakh: ŭwɨq

Karakalpak: uwɨq

Comments: EDT 76, 271, VEWT 510, TMN 2, 150-151, ЭСТЯ 1, 583, Лексика 517-518.