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Proto-Turkic: *tüke-
Meaning: to come to an end
Russian meaning: кончаться, истощаться
Old Turkic: tüke- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tüke- (MK , KB , IM ) Turkish: tüken-
Tatar: tögen-
Middle Turkic: tüken- (Sangl. ) Uzbek: tuga-, tugan-
Uighur: tügü-
Sary-Yughur: tüke-
Azerbaidzhan: tükän-
Turkmen: tüken-
Khakassian: tügel-
Shor: tügen-
Oyrat: tügen-
Halaj: tiken-
Yakut: tüksü, tügüsü 'enough, completely'
Kirghiz: tügön-
Kazakh: tüges-
Balkar: tügen-
Gagauz: tüken-
Karaim: tügen-, tigen-
Kumyk: tügen-
Proto-Turkic: *Tüĺ
Meaning: fruit, seed
Russian meaning: плод, семя
Old Turkic: tüš (OUygh.)
Tatar: töš
Chuvash: tǝʷžǝʷ > Komi tuś, NW tǝržǝ
Bashkir: töš
Proto-Turkic: *tülki / tilkü
Meaning: fox
Russian meaning: лиса
Old Turkic: tilkü (OUygh.)
Turkish: tilki
Tatar: tölke
Uzbek: tulki
Uighur: tülkä
Azerbaidzhan: tülkü
Turkmen: tilki
Khakassian: tülgü
Shor: tülgü
Halaj: tilkü, tülkü
Chuvash: tilǝ
Tuva: dilgi
Tofalar: dilgi
Kirghiz: tülkü
Kazakh: tülki
Noghai: tülki
Bashkir: tölkö
Balkar: tülkü
Gagauz: tilki
Karaim: tülkü
Karakalpak: tülki
Kumyk: tülkü
Proto-Turkic: *Tümen
Meaning: ten thousand; very much
Russian meaning: десять тысяч; очень много
Old Turkic: tümen (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tümen (MK , KB ), (Kypch. 14 cent.) dümen Turkish: tümen
Tatar: tömɛn
Uzbek: tuman
Uighur: tümän
Sary-Yughur: tü̆men (ЯЖУ ) Turkmen: tümen (arch.)
Oyrat: tümen
Yakut: tümän
Tuva: tümen
Kirghiz: tümön
Karaim: tümen, kimen, timen
Comments: VEWT 504, EDT 507-508, Лексика 574-575. In general we agree with Doerfer's arguments (TMN 2, 632-642: the Turkic word is the source of Persian tūmān '10000', not vice versa, although in some cases the word was borrowed back into Turkic (in particular: Az. tümän, Khal. timän 'a Persian coin', KBalk., Kum. tümen '10 roubles'); the Tokharian word, whose IE source is highly dubious, is most probably < Turkic; a Chinese source is extremely dubious). Turk. > Mong. tümen (see TMN 2, 641, Щербак 1997 , 160), whence Evk. tumen etc., see Doerfer MT 78. Weak evidence of initial voice (*d- should be expected in PT) may be due to later cultural interborrowing.Proto-Turkic: *tün
Meaning: 1 night 2 yesterday
Russian meaning: 1 ночь 2 вчера
Old Turkic: tün 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tün 1 (MK , KB ), dün, tün 'night, dark' (IM ) Turkish: tün 1, dün 2
Tatar: tön 1
Uzbek: tun 1
Uighur: tün 1
Sary-Yughur: tune, tün 1
Azerbaidzhan: dünän 1
Turkmen: tün 1, dǖn 2
Khakassian: tün 1, 'dark'
Shor: tün 1
Oyrat: tün 1
Yakut: tǖn 1
Dolgan: tǖn
Tuva: dün 1
Tofalar: dün 1
Kirghiz: tün 1
Kazakh: tun 1
Noghai: tün 1
Bashkir: tön 1
Balkar: tün 1
Gagauz: dün 2
Karaim: tün 1
Karakalpak: tün 1
Kumyk: tun, tün 1
Comments: VEWT 505, EDT 513, ЭСТЯ 3, 315-316, Лексика 81, Stachowski 236. Cf. also Yak. tüŋ 'dark, darkness' (< *tün-Vk). The variant *dǖn, reflected in some languages, is obviously due to a secondary influence of *dǖĺ 'dream' (v. sub *t`ūĺke ), as well as the archaic compound *tü-gün 'yesterday' (*'that day'), preserved in: Tur. dial. dühün, SUygh. tugɨn, Tuva, Tof. dǖn.Proto-Turkic: *tüŋ-
Meaning: funnel, window
Russian meaning: дымовое отверстие, окно
Old Turkic: tügnük (OUygh. - YB ), tünlük (late OUygh. - Lig. VSOu ) Karakhanid: tüŋlük (MK ), t/dünlük (IM ) Turkish: tüjnük
Tatar: tönläk
Uzbek: tujnuk
Uighur: tüŋlük
Sary-Yughur: tɨndɨk
Turkmen: tüjnük
Khakassian: tünük
Shor: tündük
Oyrat: tünük
Chuvash: tǝʷnǝʷ
Yakut: tünnük
Dolgan: tünnük
Tuva: dündük
Tofalar: düŋnük
Kirghiz: tündük
Kazakh: tüŋdik
Noghai: tünlik
Bashkir: tönlök
Karakalpak: tüŋlik
Salar: tümlüx
Kumyk: tüŋülük
Proto-Turkic: *Tüŋ-
Meaning: 1 metaphor 2 summary, conclusion 3 interpreter 4 reality
Russian meaning: 1 притча, иносказание 2 итог, обобщение 3 переводчик 4 явь
Uighur: tüŋči 3
Oyrat: tüŋ 1 (Верб. ), tüŋej 'одинаковый' Yakut: tüŋet- 'делить, распределять'
Dolgan: tüŋehe 'ein Brauch, dem gemäß ein Jäger das Fleisch des von ihm erlegten Rentiers den Nachbarn schenkt und für sich selbst nur den Rentierkopf behält, welcher ihm Glück bringen soll'
Tuva: tüŋ 2
Balkar: tün 4
Proto-Turkic: *tüpi
Meaning: 1 high wind 2 dust-storm, storm
Russian meaning: 1 вьюга 2 пылевая буря
Turkish: tipi 2
Uzbek: (dial.) dübüläj 2
Yakut: tibī 1, tip- 'to blow'
Dolgan: tibī 1, tip- 'to blow (of a snowstorm)'
Tuva: düvü 2
Tofalar: töp`ö 2
Karakalpak: dübelej 2
Proto-Turkic: *tüpkür-
Meaning: to spit
Russian meaning: плевать
Karakhanid: tüfkür- (Tafs.)
Turkish: tükür-
Tatar: töker-
Uzbek: tupur-, tup-la-
Uighur: tükür-, tükär-
Azerbaidzhan: tüpür-
Turkmen: tüjkür-
Khakassian: tükür-
Shor: tükkür-
Oyrat: tükür-
Tuva: dükpür-
Tofalar: tükkür-
Kirghiz: tükür-
Kazakh: tükir-
Noghai: tükir-
Bashkir: tökör-
Balkar: tükür-
Karaim: tükür-
Karakalpak: tükir-
Kumyk: tükür-
Proto-Turkic: *tüt-
Meaning: to quarrel
Russian meaning: ссориться
Old Turkic: tütüš- (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tütüš- (MK , KB ) Middle Turkic: tütüš- (MKypch. - Houts. ) Turkmen: tüte- 'be angry at smb.'
Chuvash: tǝtǝr- 'to scold'
Comments: VEWT 507, EDT 462 (if not a metaphor for *tüt- 'to fume').Proto-Turkic: *tüt-ün, *tüt-süg
Meaning: 1 to smoke 2 smoke
Russian meaning: 1 дымить 2 дым
Old Turkic: tüt(e)-1, tütün, tütsüg 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tüt(e)- 1 (KB ), tüte-t- caus. (1), tütün, tütsüg 2 (MK ) Turkish: tüt- 1, tütün 2
Tatar: tötä- 1, töten 2
Uzbek: tutun 2
Uighur: tütün 'tobacco'
Sary-Yughur: tüt- 1, tutun 'tobacco'
Azerbaidzhan: tüstü 2
Turkmen: tüte- 1, tüsse 2
Khakassian: tüde- 1, tüdün 2
Shor: tüdün 2
Oyrat: tüdün 2
Halaj: titi- 1
Chuvash: tǝʷdǝʷm 2
Tuva: düdüskek 'haze'; düdü- 'to rot, mould'
Tofalar: tütü- (ФиЛ 177 düdü-) 'to rot, mould'
Kirghiz: tütö- 1, tütün 2
Kazakh: tüte- 1, tutin 2
Noghai: tüte- 1, tütin 2
Bashkir: tötä- 1, tötön 2
Balkar: tütün 2
Gagauz: tüt- 1, tütün 2
Karaim: tüte- 1, tutun 2
Karakalpak: tüte- 1, töten 2
Salar: cücyn, tɨssɨ 2 (ССЯ ) Kumyk: tütün 2
Comments: PT *tüt-ün, *tüt-süg - derivations from *tüt(e)- 'to smoke'. See VEWT 507, EDT 452, 457-8, 461, TMN 2, 605, Лексика 364-365. The Tuva-Tof. verb meaning 'to rot' may belong here as well, though the absence of pharyngealization in Tof. is strange. Proto-Turkic: *tǖk
Meaning: 1 feather 2 (animal's) hair 3 (body) hair 4 fur 5 hair
Russian meaning: 1 перо 2 шерсть (животного) 3 волос (на теле) 4 мех 5 волос
Old Turkic: tü 1, 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tü 3 (MK , KB )Turkish: tüj 1-5
Tatar: tök 1, 2, 3
Middle Turkic: tük, tüj, tüg 3 (Sangl. ) Uzbek: tuk 3
Uighur: tük 2, 3
Azerbaidzhan: tük 1,2,3,5
Turkmen: tüj 2,3
Khakassian: tük 1, 2, 3
Shor: tük 1
Oyrat: tük 1, 2, 3
Halaj: tīk 3
Chuvash: tǝʷk 1, 3
Yakut: tǖ 1, 2, 3, 4
Dolgan: tǖ 1, 2
Tuva: dük 3, 5
Kirghiz: tük 2, 3
Kazakh: tük 3
Noghai: tük 1, 2, 3
Bashkir: tök 2, 3
Balkar: tük 1, 2, 3
Gagauz: tüj 1, 2, 3
Karaim: tik, t́uk 2, 3
Karakalpak: tük 1, 2, 3
Kumyk: tük 3
Comments: VEWT 503; EDT 433 (: originally only 'body hair', opposed to sač 'hair of head', kɨl 'hair (in general)' and jüg 'feather'); Лексика 197-198; Stachowski 236. Loss of *-k in OT and Yak. is not quite clear (perhaps a rather unique development of the final *-ǖk).Proto-Turkic: *TVbVr-
Meaning: second
Russian meaning: второй
Old Turkic: Bulg. tvirem
Chuvash: tebǝr, tebǝrew
Comments: Chuv. -b- is secondary, on analogy with pǝʷrem 'first'.
Proto-Turkic: *ubɨg
Meaning: sticks supporting the upper rim of a yurt
Russian meaning: жерди, поддерживающие верхний край юрты
Old Turkic: uɣ (MK); ujuɣluɣ ( = uvuɣluɣ) 'tent pole' (MK)
Turkish: huɣ 'hut'
Uzbek: ūɣ (dial.)
Uighur: oq (dial.)
Turkmen: ūq
Shor: uɣ, ū 'house, yurt' (R ) Oyrat: ū 'das Stangenrippe der Jurte, über welches die Filzdecken ausgebreitet werden' (R - Teleut)
Kirghiz: ūq
Kazakh: ŭwɨq
Karakalpak: uwɨq
Proto-Turkic: *ubut
Meaning: 1 shame 2 to be ashamed
Russian meaning: 1 стыд 2 стыдиться
Old Turkic: ubut (Orkh.) 1
Turkish: ut, -du 1, ut-an- 2
Uighur: uvat, ubat 1
Azerbaidzhan: ut-an- 2
Turkmen: ut-an- 2
Gagauz: ut-an- 2
Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 561-563.Proto-Turkic: *uč-
Meaning: fly v.
Russian meaning: лететь, летать
Old Turkic: uč- (OUygh.)
Turkish: uč-
Tatar: oč-
Uzbek: uč-
Uighur: uč-
Sary-Yughur: uč-
Azerbaidzhan: uč-
Turkmen: uč-
Khakassian: učux-
Shor: učuq-
Oyrat: uč-
Halaj: uč-, učɣur-
Chuvash: vǝʷś-
Yakut: uhun- 'float'
Dolgan: uhun- 'float, swim'
Tuva: u'š-
Tofalar: u'š-
Kirghiz: uč-
Kazakh: uš-
Noghai: uš-
Bashkir: os-
Balkar: uč-
Gagauz: uč-
Karaim: uč-
Karakalpak: uš-
Salar: uš-
Kumyk: uč-
Proto-Turkic: *uč-
Meaning: 1 waterfall 2 spray
Russian meaning: 1 водопад 2 брызги
Turkish: učarɨ 'ausschweifend'
Tatar: očoq 2
Oyrat: učar 1
Chuvash: vǝʷǯǝʷlt-vǝʷǯǝʷlt 'gurgle, guggle (onomat.)'
Yakut: usun 'river rapid' (Пек. ) Tuva: u'žar 'river rapid'
Kazakh: ụšan-teŋiz 'broad sea'
Proto-Turkic: *uč-
Meaning: 1 rash, inflammation, pustules on lips (during cold, fever) 2 catarrh, cold, fever 3 to appear (of rash), catch cold
Russian meaning: 1 сыпь, воспаление, прыщи на губах (во время простуды, лихорадки) 2 простуда, лихорадка 3 появляться (о прыщах, сыпи), простужаться
Turkish: učuk 1
Uzbek: učuq 1, učun- 3
Uighur: učuq 1
Azerbaidzhan: učuG 1
Turkmen: učuq 1
Kirghiz: učuq 1
Kazakh: ŭšɨq 1, ŭšɨn- 3
Noghai: ušɨq 1, ušɨn- 3
Bashkir: ŭsŭn- 3
Gagauz: učuq 1
Karaim: učun- 'to become epileptic'
Karakalpak: ušɨq 1, ušɨn- 3
Comments: EDT 22, 23, ЭСТЯ 1, 616, TMN 2, 139. Turk. > Kalm. učǝg 'простуда', see TMN ibid.Proto-Turkic: *ud-
Meaning: to follow, conform
Russian meaning: следовать, соответствовать, повиноваться
Old Turkic: ud- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: uj-
Tatar: ŭjɨš-
Uzbek: ujuš-
Uighur: ujuš-
Azerbaidzhan: uj-
Turkmen: uj-
Yakut: utā 'next'
Kirghiz: ujuš-
Kazakh: ŭjɨs-
Noghai: ujɨs-
Bashkir: ŭjŭš-
Gagauz: uj-
Karaim: uj-
Karakalpak: ujɨs-
Proto-Turkic: *ud
Meaning: ox, bull
Russian meaning: вол, бык
Old Turkic: ud (OUygh.)
Uighur: uj
Sary-Yughur: ut
Oyrat: uj
Kirghiz: uj
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-tat,turcet-chv,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-uig,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-blkx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-uzb,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-gagx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-kaz,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-alt,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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