Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Aĺu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: red clay, ochre

Russian meaning: красная глина

Karakhanid: ašu (MK)

Turkish: ašɨ, dial. ašu, ašur, Osmanli ašu

Middle Turkic: ašɨ (AH 6)

Comments: VEWT 30, EDT 256, Лексика 376.

Proto-Turkic: *ăm-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 gentle, quiet 2 to love, desire, rejoice 3 politeness 4 beloved 5 to be quiet

Russian meaning: 1 тихий, спокойный 2 любить, радоваться 3 вежливость 4 милый, любимый 5 быть спокойным

Old Turkic: amul, amɨl 1, amraq 4, amɨr-, amran- 2, amrɨl- 5 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: amul 1, amraq 4, amɨrt- 'to calm', amrɨl- 5 (MK, KB)

Turkish: ɨmɨl, umul 1 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: ɨmraɣ 4

Uighur: amraq 4

Sary-Yughur: amɨr 1, amɨra- 5

Khakassian: amɨr 1, amɨra- 5

Oyrat: amɨr 1, amɨra- 5

Halaj: havul 'good' (?)

Chuvash: ъʷmъʷr 'quiet and grey (weather)'

Yakut: amarax, amɨrax 'compassionate'

Dolgan: amarak 'compassionate'

Tuva: amɨr 1, amɨra- 2, amɨraq 3

Kirghiz: amɨz 'honour'

Balkar: amɨr 'desire'

Kumyk: amraq 'disposition, aptitude'

Comments: EDT 160-161, 162-163, 164, VEWT 19, ЭСТЯ 1, 59-60 (confused with abra- 'to save' < Mong.), Stachowski 33, TMN 2, 125, Федотов 1, 82. Turk. > MMong. amraχ 'sweetheart', amuraɣ 'friend' (IM), amraq bol- 'to fall in love' (MA), amara- 'sich lieben', amarah 'Liebe' (SH), Mgr amuraɣ 'friend' (Тод. Мгр. 314) etc.; but modern Kypchak and Siberian forms may be reborrowed < Mong.

Proto-Turkic: *amač

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: plough

Russian meaning: плуг

Karakhanid: amač (MK)

Turkish: Osm. amač

Middle Turkic: amač (Sangl.)

Uzbek: ɔmɔč

Uighur: amač

Turkmen: omač

Kirghiz: amač

Comments: EDT 156, TMN 2, 124. Turk. > Pers. āmāǯ (see Horn 11 on the lack of Iranian etymology of the Persian word; the derivation in Bailey 326: āmāǯ < *mātač is hardly credible), despite Molnár 2001 (suggesting a different direction); but Chag. (Sangl.) amaǯ is certainly a backloan < Persian. The word is also present in Armen. mač 'plough handle', where it is most probably < Iranian.

Proto-Turkic: *ạn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.)

Russian meaning: тот (основа косв. падежей) 2 вот, тут

Old Turkic: an-ta (loc.), aŋ-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: an-da (loc.), oŋ-a (dat.) (MK, KB)

Tatar: an-da (loc.), aŋ-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.)

Middle Turkic: an-da (loc.), aŋ-a (dat.) (Babur)

Sary-Yughur: a (nom.)

Turkmen: ana 2

Khakassian: an-da (loc.), a-ɣaa (dat.)

Shor: an-da (loc.), a-(ɣ)a (dat.)

Oyrat: an-da (loc.), o-(ɣ)o (dat.)

Halaj: ä́rä 'that side' (vocalism under influence of bä́rä 'this side')

Chuvash: on-da (loc.), ъʷn-a (dat.)

Yakut: ana-rā 2

Tuva: ɨn-da (loc.), a(ŋ)-a (dat.)

Tofalar: ɨn-da (loc.), a(ŋ)-a (dat.)

Kirghiz: an-ta (loc.), a-(ɣ)a (dat.)

Bashkir: an-ta, an-da (loc.), aŋ-a (dat.)

Balkar: an-da (loc.), aŋ-ɣa (dat.)

Karaim: an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.)

Salar: an-dɨ (loc.), aŋ-a (dat.)

Comments: VEWT 19, EDT 165, ЭСТЯ 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem.

Proto-Turkic: *Ań

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: onion, edible root

Russian meaning: сарана

Khakassian: aj (Koib.)

Tuva: aj̃

Tofalar: aj̃

Kazakh: āj, aj (Katanov)

Comments: VEWT 10.

Proto-Turkic: *ana / *eńe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mother

Russian meaning: мать

Old Turkic: ana ~ ene (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ana ~ ene (MK)

Turkish: ana

Tatar: ana

Middle Turkic: ana (Pav. C.)

Uighur: ana

Sary-Yughur: ana

Azerbaidzhan: ana

Turkmen: ene

Khakassian: inä

Oyrat: ene

Chuvash: ańne

Yakut: ij̃e

Dolgan: ińe

Tuva: ij̃e

Kirghiz: ene

Kazakh: ene, ana

Bashkir: inä

Balkar: ana

Gagauz: ana

Karaim: ana

Karakalpak: ene, ana

Salar: ana

Kumyk: ana

Comments: EDT 169-170, VEWT 19, 44, TMN 2, 130, ЭСТЯ 1, 278-281, Егоров 28, Лексика 298-299, 300-301, Stachowski 127.

Proto-Turkic: *ańak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pot, cup 2 hole; mouth 3(river) mouth

Russian meaning: 1 сосуд, чашка 2 отверстие; рот 3 устье (реки)

Old Turkic: ajaq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ajaq 1 (MK)

Turkish: ajak 3

Middle Turkic: ajaq 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔjɔq 1, 3

Uighur: ajaq 1

Sary-Yughur: ajaq 1

Azerbaidzhan: ajak 3

Turkmen: ajaq 3

Khakassian: ajax 1

Shor: ajaq 1

Oyrat: ajaq 1

Yakut: aj̃ax 1, 2

Dolgan: ańa, ańak 2

Tuva: ajaq 1, 3

Kirghiz: ajaq 1

Kazakh: ajaq 1

Noghai: ajaq 1

Bashkir: ajaq 1

Balkar: ajaq 1, 3

Karaim: ajaq 1

Karakalpak: ajaq 3

Kumyk: ajaq 1

Comments: VEWT 11, ЭСТЯ 1, 105, TMN 2, 171-2, EDT 270, Stachowski 34. Turk. > Mongor ajaG 'paquet' (SM 16), ZM ajɔ̄q (14-2a); > Russ. Siber. aják (Аникин 104).

Proto-Turkic: *ańaŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: clear sky; frost

Russian meaning: ясное небо; мороз

Old Turkic: ajaz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ajas (MK)

Turkish: ajaz

Tatar: ajaz

Middle Turkic: ajaz (Sangl.), ajaz, ajas (CCum.)

Uzbek: ajɔz

Uighur: ajaz

Sary-Yughur: ajas

Azerbaidzhan: ajaz

Turkmen: ajaz

Khakassian: ajas

Shor: ajas

Oyrat: ajas; ajɨz (dial.)

Halaj: hajāz

Chuvash: ojar

Tuva: ajas

Kirghiz: ajaz

Kazakh: ajaz

Noghai: ajaz

Bashkir: ajaδ

Balkar: ajaz

Gagauz: ajaz

Karaim: ajaz/s

Kumyk: ajaz

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 102-3; VEWT 11; TMN 2, 170; Лексика 13, Федотов 2, 298. A different suffixation is seen in Tur. (dial.) ajam, Kaz., Kirgh. ajɨq 'clear (weather'). A derivative *ań-gɨŕ- (pointing to original *-ń-) is found in Kaz. aŋɨzaq, Turkm. aŋzaq 'cold with dry wind' (see ЭСТЯ ibid.).

Proto-Turkic: *ạnkaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old)

Russian meaning: детеныш копытных животных (до года)

Oyrat: anaj

Yakut: ɨŋāx 'young of ungulates and bears'

Tuva: anaj, Todzh. a'naj

Tofalar: anhaj

Comments: Рассадин 154.

Proto-Turkic: *Ānt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: oath

Russian meaning: клятва

Old Turkic: ant (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: and (MK)

Turkish: ant (andɨ)

Tatar: ant

Middle Turkic: ant

Uzbek: ɔnt

Uighur: ant

Azerbaidzhan: and

Turkmen: ant

Oyrat: ant-ɨq- 'to take an oath'

Halaj: a:nd

Kirghiz: ant

Kazakh: ant

Noghai: ant

Bashkir: ant

Balkar: ant

Karaim: ant

Karakalpak: ant

Kumyk: ant

Comments: EDT 176, VEWT 20, TMN 2, 128, ЭСТЯ 1, 151. Original vowel length is proved by Turk., Az. -d.

Proto-Turkic: *anu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ready, certain 2 to get ready

Russian meaning: 1 готовый, уверенный 2 готовиться

Old Turkic: anu- (OUygh.) 2, anuq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: anu- (MK), anut- (caus.) (KB, MK) 2, anuq 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: dial. anɨk 1

Tatar: anɨq 1

Middle Turkic: anut- (caus.) (Qutb) 2, anuq (IM, Qutb) 1

Uzbek: ɛniq 2

Uighur: eniq

Turkmen: anɨq 2

Kirghiz: anɨq 1

Kazakh: anɨq 1

Bashkir: anɨq 1

Karaim: anɨq 1

Karakalpak: anɨq 1

Comments: EDT 171, 179, 182, ЭСТЯ 1, 151-152.

Proto-Turkic: *Ăŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild game

Russian meaning: дикий зверь

Old Turkic: aŋ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aŋ-dɨ- 'to hunt', aŋčɨ 'hunter' (MK)

Tatar: aŋ 'elk, dear' (dial.)

Middle Turkic: aŋ

Uzbek: aŋ 'hunting' (dial.)

Uighur: aŋ

Turkmen: aŋta- 'to chase'

Khakassian: aŋ

Shor: aŋ 'sable'

Oyrat: aŋ

Yakut: ɨŋ 'fence for wild reindeer'

Tuva: aŋ

Tofalar: aŋ

Kirghiz: aŋ

Kazakh: aŋ

Noghai: aŋ

Bashkir: aŋdɨ- 'to track, waylay'

Karaim: aŋ

Karakalpak: aŋ

Comments: Лексика 152, 417, EDT 166. Shor aŋnɨɣ, Khak. aɣnɨχ 'net for catching sables' is a contamination of this root and *ag 'net'. Turk. > Mong. aŋ id., see Clark 1977, 128-129.

Proto-Turkic: *aŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be wide open 2 to be perplexed, astonished 3 wide open 4 fool, simpleton 5 obtuse, stupid 6 astonished 7 to have one's mouth opened 8 to be drowsy, faint 9 to look at with surprise 10 to gape

Russian meaning: 1 быть широко открытым 2 быть удивленным, опешить 3 широко открытый 4 дурак, простак 5 бестолковый 6 удивленный 7 разинуть рот 8 быть сонным, вялым 9 смотреть с удивлением 10 зиять

Karakhanid: aŋɨl ačuq 3 (MK)

Turkish: (dial.) anuk, aŋɨz 4

Tatar: aŋɣɨ-miŋge bul- 3; (dial.) aŋɣɨl 5

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) anɣɨ 6 (AH)

Uzbek: aŋraj- 2, 7

Turkmen: aŋal- 2, aŋqar- 2, 7

Khakassian: aŋaj- 'to miss', aŋmaj- 2, 7, aŋmax 'standing with one's mouth open'

Yakut: aŋar- 8

Tuva: aŋɣada- 2

Kirghiz: aŋqaj-, aŋɣar- 1, 9 (< Mong.?), aŋqō 4, aŋɨr- 2, aŋɨraj- 10

Kazakh: aŋtar-, aŋɨr- 2, aŋqaw 4

Noghai: aŋqɨ-tiŋke 'daffy', aŋra 4, aŋšaj- 7

Karakalpak: aŋqaw 4

Comments: EDT 184, ЭСТЯ 1, 155, 156-157.

Proto-Turkic: *Aŋduŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a medicinal shrub, elecampane 2 cypress, juniper 3 shrub, bush

Russian meaning: 1 род лекарственного растения, девясил 2 кипарис, можжевельник 3 кустарник

Karakhanid: aŋduz 1 (MK)

Turkish: andɨz 3

Tatar: andɨz 2

Middle Turkic: anduz 1 (Sngl)

Turkmen: andɨz 'переступень двудомный'; aŋŋɨza 'a k. of mountain plant'

Kirghiz: qar-andɨz, qarɨndiz, antɨz (South dial.) 2

Kazakh: andɨz, andžɨ 'аир'

Noghai: andɨz 2

Bashkir: andɨδ 2

Balkar: andɨz 2

Gagauz: andɨz 3

Comments: VEWT 21, EDT 178, ЭСТЯ 1, 150-151.

Proto-Turkic: *Ăŋ(k)ɨt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild duck

Russian meaning: дикая утка

Old Turkic: aŋɨt (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aŋɨt (MK)

Turkish: angut 'огарь', ankɨt (dial.)

Middle Turkic: anqud (Sngl)

Uzbek: anɣirt 'red duck'

Sary-Yughur: aŋɨt

Azerbaidzhan: anGut-boGaz 'длинношеий'

Turkmen: aŋk 'red duck'

Khakassian: āt

Karaim: anqɨt, ankit 'ostrich, vulture, dragon'

Kumyk: haŋqut

Comments: VEWT 21, Лексика 172. Doerfer's (TMN 2, 129) PT *aŋgɨrt is a quite artificial construct: it is based on occasional modern forms (like Uzb. aŋɣirt) which reflect a contamination of *aŋɨt and the borrowed Mong. aŋɣɨr (with the influence of aŋgɨrt 'careless'). All old sources (see EDT 176) reflect only *aŋɨt. (Yak. ńɨntāla 'горбоносый турпан' (Пек.), despite VEWT, < Evk. niltalbuki 'a black duck with white head, from nilta- 'to loose hair', lit. 'bald bird' ТМС I 593; annɨ, andɨ < TM *andi; anńa, anńarɨjar dial. 'a k. of sea bird, морянка' (ДСЯЯ 48) < Mong. aŋgir).

Proto-Turkic: *Ap / *Ep

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: emphatic strengthening particle

Russian meaning: эмфатическая усилительная частица

Karakhanid: ap / ep (MK)

Turkish: ap (XIV c.), apačɨk 'quite, completely'

Azerbaidzhan: apǯɨG 'however'

Kirghiz: apej 'an emphatic interjection'

Comments: EDT 3.

Proto-Turkic: *apa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mother, elder sister, aunt

Russian meaning: мать, старшая сестра, тетя

Old Turkic: apa (Yen.)

Karakhanid: epe ~ apa (Oghuz=Qarluq Türkmen, MK)

Turkish: aba (Ank.), dial. apa

Tatar: apa

Middle Turkic: apa 'elder sister' (Sangl.)

Uzbek: ɔpa

Uighur: apa

Turkmen: apa, afa (dial.)

Shor: abiče (< aba-eče)

Oyrat: abune (< aba-ene)

Tuva: ava

Tofalar: aba

Kirghiz: apa

Kazakh: apa

Noghai: aba

Bashkir: apa

Balkar: aba

Karaim: apaj (Q)

Karakalpak: apa

Kumyk: abaj, apaj

Comments: EDT 5, ЭСТЯ 1, 158-159, ССЯ 290-291, Лексика 300, 301, TMN 2, 3, Аникин 90. Front row variants (Tur. eve, Kaz. ebej, Yak., Dolg. ebe etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 220-221, Stachowski 42) are recent and may have a Mong. origin.

Proto-Turkic: *apa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: grasshopper

Russian meaning: кузнечик

Shor: abačaq

Oyrat: abačɨjaq

Chuvash: oba lǝʷbǝʷžǝʷ 'бабочка совка', oba nъrri 'медведка (насекомое)'

Comments: VEWT 1. Contaminations with abačɨ 'чучело', aba 'father > bear'.

Proto-Turkic: *apa (*appa)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: father

Russian meaning: отец

Old Turkic: apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors'

Karakhanid: apa (MK) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB) 'ancestor'

Turkish: aba

Tatar: aba (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: awa

Azerbaidzhan: aba (dial.)

Turkmen: aba (dial.)

Khakassian: aba

Oyrat: aba 'father, bear'

Chuvash: oba 'bear'

Tuva: ava

Kirghiz: aba

Bashkir: apa (dial.)

Balkar: appa, aba

Salar: aba (Kakuk), aba, apa (ССЯ)

Comments: EDT 5, VEWT 1, ЭСТЯ 1, 54-58, Федотов 2, 281, Лексика 305, Аникин 71. Сf. also *bāpa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. bāba etc., see ЭСТЯ 2, 10-13, Лексика 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination.

Proto-Turkic: *apačɨ, *apakɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bogy 2 figure set up to avert the evil eye 3 idol

Russian meaning: 1 бука 2 фигурка для отвода сглаза 3 идол

Karakhanid: abačɨ 1, abaqɨ 2 (MK)

Turkish: apaq, abaq 'jinn, ghoul' (dial.), 'fool'

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) abaq 'doll' (Houts., At-Tuhf.)

Uzbek: ɔpa-lar 'female evil ghosts' (lit. "elder sisters")

Yakut: abāhɨ 'evil ghost'

Balkar: abačɨ 1

Karaim: abaq, abax 3

Comments: VEWT 1, 2, EDT 6, 8. Quite dubious is the hypothesis (see Аникин 71, TMN 4, 307-310, Clark 1977, 127) of the Turkic forms being borrowed from Mong. abuɣаči 'receiver' (all the more so because the Bur. form is not abāša, but abagša, i. e. reflecting -g-, not -ɣ-). See a detailed discussion in Stachowski 2001.