Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *čok-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to peck 2 to delve, dig 3 to pick at 4 to stab 5 to pick (eyes) 6 pitfall, delve

Russian meaning: 1 клевать 2 долбить, копать 3 ковырять 4 закалывать 5 выкалывать (глаза) 6 рытвина, углубление

Old Turkic: čoq- 4 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čoq- 'to rush at the prey (of a bird)' (MK)

Turkish: čoku- 1, čukur 6

Tatar: čuqɨ- 1, čoqɨ- 2

Middle Turkic: čo/uqu- (Sangl., Pav. C. (5)); čuqur 6 (Sangl.; starting with Old Kypch.); čux-la- 3 (MA 137)

Uzbek: čụqi- 1, čuqu-la- 2, 3, čuqur 6

Uighur: čoqu- 1

Azerbaidzhan: čuxur 6

Turkmen: čoq- 1, čuqanaq, čuxur 6

Khakassian: sox-la- 1

Oyrat: čoqu- 1, 3

Kirghiz: čoqu- 1, čuqu- 3

Kazakh: šoqɨ- 1, šuqɨ- 1, 3

Noghai: šoqɨ- 1, šuqɨ- 2, 3

Bashkir: suqɨ- 1, soqo- 2, 3

Gagauz: čuqur 6

Karaim: čoq- 'to sting', čoɣɨ- 1 (K), č/сuqu/ɨr 6

Karakalpak: šoqɨ- 1, šuqɨ- 2, 3

Kumyk: čoqu- 1

Comments: VEWT 114, 119, EDT 406. Kypchak languages suggest a distinction between *čokɨ- 'to peck' and *čukɨ- 'to dig, delve', absent elsewhere, and possibly a result of interdialectal loans.

Proto-Turkic: *čok-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to pray 2 to sacrifice 3 to baptize 4 to worship 5 bailment, pledge

Russian meaning: 1 молиться 2 приносить жертву 3 креститься 4 поклоняться 5 порука, поручительство

Tatar: čuqɨn- 3

Uzbek: čọqin- 3, 1 (disapprovingly), 4

Uighur: čoqun- 3

Sary-Yughur: čoq et- 1 (ЯЖУ)

Turkmen: čoqun- 3

Khakassian: čoɣɨn- 1 (Sag.- R 2, 2014)

Shor: šoqta- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclmation šoq!' R 4, 1024)

Oyrat: čoɣɨr- 2 (Lebed. R 3, 2014), čoqto- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclamation čoq!' (R 3, 2009)

Chuvash: śъk 5

Kirghiz: čoqun- 3, 4

Noghai: šoqɨn- 3

Bashkir: suqɨn- 3

Karakalpak: šoqɨn- 3

Kumyk: čoqun- 3

Comments: VEWT 113-114, Егоров 328, Федотов 2, 426-427. Räsänen's attempt to explain the verb as "baptism through immersion" (linking Kypch. čoqur 'pit' and Taranchi čoqur- 'to sink' (R 3, 2007) appears unconvincing. The former word is derived from čok- 'to delve', and the latter should be corrected to čökür- according to more modern sources. The semantic transfer of a pagan ceremony to the Christian one seems quite natural in an islamicized society. The same root may be represented by the exclamation (made during a libation), Oyr. čoq!, Shor šoq!, and further - the approbatory exclamation Kirgh. čok!, Kaz. šoq! etc. Quite unlikely is the hypothesis of a loan from Hebrew (Y. Malov, quoted in Федотов). In fact, the meaning in Chuv. ('pledge') and the external parallels suggest that the religious component in the meaning of *čok- is relatively late (having evolved after the separation of Bulgars): 'pledge' > 'sacrifice' > 'praying' > 'baptizing'. Turk. > Hung. csök 'sacrifice', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *čol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 crippled 2 to deteriorate, dwindle 3 defect 4 short-statured

Russian meaning: 1 калека (с дефектной рукой) 2 убывать, иссякать 3 порок, изъян 4 куцый, короткий

Old Turkic: čoluq (OUygh.) 1, čol- 2, čolmaq 3 (OUygh. late - Suv.)

Karakhanid: čoluq (MK) 1; čolquj 'worn (of a sole), crippled (of an arm, hand)' (MK)

Turkish: čolak; čolpa 'unskilful, awkward'

Tatar: čulaq

Middle Turkic: čolaq (Sangl.)

Uzbek: čọlɔq 'handless, lame', čọltɔq 4; 'bungler, unskilled person'

Uighur: čolaq 1, 4

Azerbaidzhan: čolaG 1

Turkmen: čolaq 1

Oyrat: čoltuq 4

Halaj: čolaq 'handless, lame'

Tuva: šoluq 'sensitive, huffish'

Kirghiz: čolu- 'to pull out, pick out', čolǯuj- 'become curved, warp', čoloj- 'become short, limbless', čoloq 1, 4

Kazakh: šolaq 4, šoltɨj- 'to shorten'

Noghai: šolaq 1; šoltaŋ-la- 'to move aside angrily'

Bashkir: sulaq 1

Balkar: čolaq 1

Gagauz: čolaq 1

Karaim: čolaq (K) 1

Karakalpak: šolaq 1, 4

Kumyk: čolaq 1

Comments: EDT 419-420, VEWT 115, TMN 3, 89, Дыбо 152. Turk. > Mong. čolaq (Щербак 1997, 113). The existing forms are derived from a verb *čol- 'become defective' (cf. the attested OUygh. čol- and forms like Kirgh. čolu-).

Proto-Turkic: *čom- / *čöm-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoop

Russian meaning: 1 погружаться, нырять 2 плавать, купаться 3 черпать 4 окунать 5 черпак, ковш

Old Turkic: čom- = čöm- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čom-, čöm- 1 (MK), čömče 5 (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: čömče 5

Tatar: čum- 1, čümeč 5

Middle Turkic: čom- 1 (Abush.)

Uzbek: čụm-(mɔq) 1, čụmič 5

Uighur: čom-, čom-ul- (pass.) 1, čömüč 5

Sary-Yughur: čomɨš 5 (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: čömčä 5

Khakassian: som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'

Shor: šom- 2

Oyrat: čöm- 1, 4, čomɨjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'

Chuvash: čъʷm- 1 ( < Tat.?; čъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401)

Yakut: som-us- 3

Tuva: šɨm-ɨn- (refl.) 1

Tofalar: šom- 1, šomuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'

Kirghiz: čomul-/čömül- 1, 2, čömü- 1, čömö- 4, čömüč 5

Kazakh: šom-ɨl- (pass.) 1, 2, šömiš 5

Noghai: šom-ɨl- (pass.) 1, 2, šomaqa , šömiš 5

Bashkir: sumɨ- 1, sümes 5

Balkar: čömüč 5

Karaim: (K) čöm- 1, (T) čom- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) čomɨč, (T) čömüč 5

Karakalpak: šom-ɨl- (pass.) 1, 2, šömiš 5

Salar: čum- (čöm-) 1, 2 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: čom- 4, čomuč 5

Comments: VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *čamčak / -ɨ- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *čom-čak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. čömel-, Az. čömäl-, Gag. čömel-, Turkm. čommal-, Tat. čümäš-, Kaz. šömej-, KBalk. čömel- ('trip over'; cf. also čömel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *čök-.

Proto-Turkic: *čōčka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 young pig 2 child, boy 3 pig

Russian meaning: 1 поросенок 2 ребенок, мальчик 3 свинья

Karakhanid: čočuq (MK) 1

Turkish: čoǯuk 2

Tatar: čučqa 3

Middle Turkic: čočɣa 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) čočqa (Houts.) 1

Uzbek: ǯuǯuq 2

Uighur: čošqa 3

Azerbaidzhan: čošGa 1, 3

Turkmen: ǯōǯuq 1 (cf. colloq. čōča 'camel')

Khakassian: sosxa 3

Shor: šošqa 3

Oyrat: čočqo 3

Tuva: šošqa 3

Kirghiz: čočqo 1

Kazakh: šošqa 1

Noghai: šošqa 3

Bashkir: sosqa 3

Balkar: čočxa 3

Gagauz: čoǯuq 2

Karaim: (K) čočqa 3, čočuq jataɣɨ 'afterbirth'; (T) čočxa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2

Karakalpak: šošqa 3

Kumyk: čočqa 3

Comments: VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam".

Proto-Turkic: *čök-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to kneel down 2 to sink 3 to sit

Russian meaning: 1 опускаться на колени 2 оседать, тонуть 3 присесть, сесть на корточки

Old Turkic: čök- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čök- 1 (MK)

Turkish: čök- 1

Tatar: čük- 1

Middle Turkic: čök- 1 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: čụk- 1, 2

Uighur: čök- 1, 2

Sary-Yughur: čoGe- 3

Azerbaidzhan: čök- 2

Turkmen: čök- 1, 2

Shor: šök- 2

Oyrat: čögö-dö- 1

Chuvash: śъk- 'to fall', śъʷg-ъʷn- 1

Yakut: sügürüj- 1

Kirghiz: čök- 1, 2

Kazakh: šök/g- 1, 2

Noghai: šök/g- 1, 2

Bashkir: sük/g- 1, 2

Balkar: čök/g- 1, 2, 3

Gagauz: čök- 1, 2, 3

Karaim: čök-, cok- 1

Karakalpak: šök/g- 1, 2

Salar: čök-, čöx- 1 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: čök/g- 1, 2, 3

Comments: VEWT 117, TMN 3, 120-122, EDT 413-4, Егоров 205, Федотов 2, 90-91. Turk. > WMong. čökü(le)-, Kalm. čökl- (KW 444; TMN 2, 121, Щербак 1997, 113).

Proto-Turkic: *čöp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 dregs, impurity, rubbish 2 stick, small branch, straw 3 penis 4 grass, hay

Russian meaning: 1 мусор 2 палочка, веточка, соломинка 3 penis 4 трава, сено

Old Turkic: čöb, čöbik 1 (OUygh. Budd.)

Karakhanid: čöb 'dregs of wine; any piece of noodles'; čübek 3 (MK; with Kypch. phonology šöbik 'огрызок от фрукта')

Turkish: čöp 1, 2, 3

Tatar: čüp 1, čübek 'oakum, combings'

Middle Turkic: ču/üb 2 (Pav. C.), 1 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: čụp 1, 2

Uighur: čöp 'grass; noodles'

Azerbaidzhan: čöp 2

Turkmen: čöp 2

Shor: šöp 1, šöbek 'hemp straw'

Oyrat: čöp 1; 4; afterbirth'

Chuvash: śüpǝ 1; 'newborn child'

Kirghiz: čöp 4; 'afterbirth'; čöbögö 'dregs after boiling butter'

Kazakh: šöp 1, 4

Noghai: šöp 1, 2

Bashkir: süp 1, 'weed'

Balkar: čöb 2, 4

Gagauz: čöp, čep 'gag in a barrel', čepkä 'grapevine, wine dregs', čepel 'dirty'

Karaim: čöp 1, 4

Karakalpak: šöp 1, 4

Salar: čöp 'weed, grass'

Kumyk: čöp 1, 'weed; lot'

Comments: VEWT 118, EDT 394, 396, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 148. Turk. > Russ. Siber. čup 'dregs', see Аникин 677.

Proto-Turkic: *čug

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bundle 2 to bind, pack, wrap

Russian meaning: 1 связка 2 связывать, упаковывать, обматывать

Old Turkic: čuɣ 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čuɣ 1, čuɣ-la- 2 (MK)

Turkish: (dial.) čuɣ 1

Tatar: čolɣa- 2

Middle Turkic: čuɣ 'yoke' (Pav. C.), čulɣa- 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: čulɣa- 2

Azerbaidzhan: čulɣa- 2

Khakassian: sulɣa- 2

Shor: šu 1 (R), šulɣa- 2

Oyrat: (dial.) čū 1, čū-la- 2 (R)

Yakut: sū 'wrapper', sū-lā- 2

Dolgan: hū-lā- 2

Tuva: šuɣla- 'to cover (with a blanket)'

Kirghiz: čū 1, (South.) čuq 'swaddle' (*čuguk), čulɣa- 2

Kazakh: šuw-maq 1, šulɣaw 'портянки'

Noghai: šuw-maq 1

Bashkir: sɨw 'placenta', solɣa- 2

Balkar: čulɣa- 2

Karaim: čulɣa- 2

Karakalpak: šuw-maq-la- 2, šulɣa-n- 'обертываться портянками'

Comments: VEWT 119, EDT 405, 407, Stachowski 114.

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