Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *ēke- (~ ī-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be insolent, quarrel

Russian meaning: быть дерзким, ссориться

Karakhanid: ike-, ikeš- (MK)

Turkish: igeš-

Tatar: egeš-

Turkmen: īgen- 'to scold, growl at'

Yakut: eɣe 'faultfinding', eɣelē- 'to find faults'

Tuva: egen- 'to feel uncomfortable'

Kirghiz: egeš-

Kazakh: eges-

Noghai: eges-

Comments: EDT 101, 118-119.

Proto-Turkic: *ēĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dig 2 to tear, rip open 3 to row 4 to swim 5 to throw away

Russian meaning: 1 копать 2 рвать 3 грести 4 плавать 5 выкидывать

Turkish: eš- 1

Tatar: iš- 2

Middle Turkic: eš- 1 (Abush.)

Azerbaidzhan: eš- 2

Turkmen: ijš-gek `oar'

Khakassian: is- 3

Halaj: häšü-

Chuvash: alt- 1

Yakut: es-, is- 5

Tuva: ešti- 4, eš- 3

Tofalar: eš-, e'hit- 3

Kirghiz: eš- 1

Comments: VEWT 51, EDT 255-6, ЭСТЯ 1, 315-316, Мудрак Дисс. 95. Chuv. iš- 'to row; to swim; to demolish, tear' is evidently borrowed from Tat. (as opposed to the genuine al-t- ). Khal. h- is unclear here (external evidence clearly points to *0-).

Proto-Turkic: *ēl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 peace 2 people, country

Russian meaning: 1 мир 2 народ, страна

Old Turkic: el 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: el 1, 2 (MK)

Turkish: il, el 2

Tatar: il 2

Middle Turkic: il (AH), el (Abush., Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: el 2

Uighur: il, äl 2

Azerbaidzhan: el 2

Turkmen: īl 2

Khakassian: il 2

Oyrat: el 2

Chuvash: jal 2

Yakut: il 2

Kirghiz: el 2

Kazakh: el 2

Noghai: el 2

Bashkir: il 2

Balkar: el 2

Gagauz: iel 2

Karaim: el 2

Karakalpak: el 2

Kumyk: el 2

Comments: EDT 121-122, VEWT 39, TMN 2, 194, ЭСТЯ 1, 339-343, Егоров 352, Лексика 316. The meaning "peace" attested in MK is probably the most archaic (cf. the external parallels; typologically cf. also Slavic *mirъ 'peace' > 'world'), suggesting a development *'peace' > 'peaceful people, realm, country'.

Proto-Turkic: *ēĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to spin, twist

Russian meaning: вить, сучить, плести

Tatar: iš-

Middle Turkic: eš- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: eš-

Uighur: äš-

Azerbaidzhan: eš-

Turkmen: īš-

Tuva: eš-

Kirghiz: eš-

Kazakh: es-

Bashkir: iš-

Balkar: eš-

Karaim: eš-

Karakalpak: es-

Kumyk: eš-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 396.

Proto-Turkic: *ẹ̄ĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: friend, companion, mate

Russian meaning: друг, товарищ

Old Turkic: eš (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: eš (MK)

Turkish: eš

Middle Turkic: eš (Sangl.)

Chuvash: jɨš 'family'

Tuva: eš

Tofalar: eš

Comments: EDT 253-254, ЭСТЯ 1, 313-314, Егоров 83, Лексика 314.

Proto-Turkic: *ēĺü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to cover 2 (door) curtain > door

Russian meaning: 1 покрывать 2 (дверной) занавес > дверь

Karakhanid: ešü- 1, ešik / ešük 2 (MK)

Turkish: ešik 2

Tatar: išĭk 2

Middle Turkic: išik 2 (AH, IM), išük (IM), ešik 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ešik 2

Azerbaidzhan: ešik 2

Turkmen: īšik 2

Khakassian: īzĭk, ĭzĭk 2

Shor: ežik 2

Oyrat: ežik 2

Halaj: ẹ̄̂šük 2

Chuvash: algъ, alъk 2

Tuva: ežik 2

Kirghiz: ešik 2

Noghai: esik 2

Bashkir: išĭk 2

Balkar: ešik 2

Gagauz: ješik 2

Karaim: ešik 2

Karakalpak: esik 2

Kumyk: ešik 2

Comments: EDT 256, 260, TMN 2, 183-184, Егоров 24, ЭСТЯ 1, 396-398, Лексика 511-512, 517.

Proto-Turkic: *ēn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go down

Russian meaning: спускаться, идти вниз

Old Turkic: en- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: en- (MK)

Turkish: in-, dial. en-

Tatar: in-, iŋ-

Middle Turkic: en- (MA, IM, Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: en-

Turkmen: īn-

Khakassian: in-

Shor: en-

Oyrat: en-

Halaj: ẹ̄̂n-

Chuvash: an-

Yakut: enie

Kazakh: en-, dial. eŋ-

Noghai: en-

Bashkir: in-

Gagauz: jin-

Karaim: en-

Karakalpak: en-

Kumyk: in-

Comments: VEWT 43, ЭСТЯ 1, 353-354, Егоров 26.

Proto-Turkic: *ēn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: breadth, width

Russian meaning: ширина

Karakhanid: en (MK, KB)

Turkish: en

Tatar: iŋ

Uzbek: en

Uighur: än

Azerbaidzhan: en

Turkmen: īn

Khakassian: in

Oyrat: en

Halaj: hän, hǟn

Chuvash: an

Yakut: ien

Dolgan: ien

Kirghiz: en

Kazakh: en

Noghai: en

Bashkir: iŋ

Balkar: en

Karaim: en

Karakalpak: en

Kumyk: en

Comments: EDT 165, VEWT 43, ЭСТЯ 1, 352, Егоров 26, Stachowski 122.

Proto-Turkic: *ēn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to suffer 2 to be abashed, distressed 4 colic 5 to grizzle, slug 6 (birth) pains, labours 7 impatience 8 drag, disturbance 9 flaw, fault 10 obtuse, absent-minded 11 to torture, offend

Russian meaning: 1 страдать 2 растеряться, прийти в замешательство 4 колика 5 капризничать, нежиться 6 потуги, родовые схватки 7 нетерпение 8 обуза, помеха 9 упущение, промах 10 рассеянный, бестолковый 11 мучить, обижать

Old Turkic: enegü 4 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: enčik- 'to lose feelings' (MK, KB), enegü 4 (MK), enit- (AH) 2

Turkish: inǯi- 1

Tatar: intek- 1, enǯe-le- 5

Middle Turkic: entük- 1

Uzbek: entik- 1

Uighur: inǯik 6

Azerbaidzhan: inǯi- 1

Oyrat: enči 6, enčik 7

Halaj: ịnǯi- 1

Chuvash: andъx- 1, 7, anzux 'dumb, sclerotic person'

Yakut: enn'e-lik 8, enči 9

Kirghiz: ente-le- 2, entik- 'to suffer from dyspnoea', enȫ 10

Noghai: enew 4

Bashkir: intek- 1, inte- 11

Balkar: inǯi- 1

Gagauz: enǯek 'newborn'

Karaim: inǯɨt-, inčit- 11 (T)

Kumyk: inǯi- 1

Comments: EDT 174, 184, ЭСТЯ 1, 283, Егоров 29. Doerfer (Khal.) suggests Arabic origin, which is quite improbable. Vowel length is suggested by the voiced -ǯ- of the suffix in several languages.

Proto-Turkic: *ēnčü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowry

Russian meaning: 1 владение, земля и челядь, пожалованные начальником 2 подарок, приданое

Old Turkic: inčü (/anču) 1 (OUygh.)

Tatar: inče 2

Middle Turkic: enčü 1 (Abush. 82)

Uzbek: inǯu 1

Uighur: änči 1 (dial.)

Turkmen: īnǯi 2

Khakassian: inǯi 2

Oyrat: enči 1, 2

Yakut: enńie 2

Kirghiz: enči 1, 2

Kazakh: enši 2

Bashkir: inse 2

Balkar: enči `own'

Karakalpak: enši 2

Kumyk: enči-li 'own'

Comments: VEWT 44, EDT 173, ЭСТЯ 1, 361-362, Лексика 347-348, Дыбо 1997. Turk. > MMong. enčü, WMong. inǯe, Kalm. inǯǝ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inǯe 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism.

Proto-Turkic: *ēŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cheeks 2 jaw, chin

Russian meaning: 1 щеки 2 челюсть, подбородок

Karakhanid: eŋ 1, eŋek 1, 2 (MK)

Turkish: enek 2

Tatar: ijäk 2

Middle Turkic: eŋek, enek 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: engäk 2

Uighur: iŋäk 2

Sary-Yughur: iŋek 2

Azerbaidzhan: äŋ 2

Turkmen: ǟŋ 'lower jaw', eŋek 2

Khakassian: ek 2

Shor: ēk 2

Oyrat: ēk 2

Chuvash: ana 2

Yakut: iŋ 2

Kirghiz: ēk 2

Kazakh: ĭjek 2

Noghai: ijek 2

Bashkir: ĭjek 2

Karakalpak: ijek 2

Comments: EDT 166, 183, VEWT 45, ЭСТЯ 1, 284-285, Лексика 218-219, Федотов 1, 45.

Proto-Turkic: *ēŋe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to look after smb.

Russian meaning: смотреть за кем-л.

Turkmen: ǟŋet-

Yakut: eŋej-

Kirghiz: ene- 'обращать внимание, замечать (при отр.)'

Proto-Turkic: *ẹ̄r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to reach 2 to pass

Russian meaning: 1 достигать 2 проходить мимо

Old Turkic: er- (OUygh.) 1, er-t- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: eriš- (MK) 1

Turkish: er-, dial. ēr-, ir- 1

Tatar: ireš- 1

Middle Turkic: er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2

Uzbek: eriš- 1

Khakassian: irt- 2

Shor: ert- 2

Oyrat: dial. eriš- 1, ert- 2

Halaj: ẹ̄̂r- 1

Chuvash: irt- 2

Yakut: irdē- 2

Bashkir: ireš- 1

Karaim: er- 1

Karakalpak: eris- 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 288-289, 303, Федотов 1,172-173. Räsänen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eriĺ- 'to contest, challenge' (ЭСТЯ 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HY ere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. ér- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *ẹ̄r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slope

Russian meaning: 1 рано 2 рано утром 3 завтра 4 (утреннее солнце) > солнечный склон горы

Old Turkic: [ir ~ er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: erte 2 (MK)

Turkish: er, erte 2

Tatar: irtä 2

Middle Turkic: er 1 (Буд.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: erta 2

Uighur: ä(r)tä 'morning'

Sary-Yughur: erte 2

Azerbaidzhan: ertä 2

Turkmen: īr 1, erte 2

Khakassian: irte 'morning'

Oyrat: erte 2

Chuvash: ir 3

Yakut: erde 1

Dolgan: erčin 1

Tuva: erte 2

Kirghiz: erte 2

Kazakh: erte 2

Noghai: erte 2

Bashkir: irtä 2

Balkar: ertte 2

Gagauz: ierte 'next day'

Karaim: erte 2

Karakalpak: erte 2

Kumyk: ertä 2

Comments: EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ЭСТЯ 1, 302-306, 369-370, Егоров 70, Лексика 79, Stachowski 47.

Proto-Turkic: *ēr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: man

Russian meaning: мужчина

Old Turkic: er (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: er (MK, KB)

Turkish: er

Tatar: ir

Middle Turkic: er (Pav. C.)

Uighur: är

Sary-Yughur: jer

Azerbaidzhan: är 'husband'

Turkmen: ǟr

Khakassian: ir

Shor: er

Oyrat: er

Halaj: här

Chuvash: ar

Yakut: er

Dolgan: er

Tuva: er

Bashkir: ir

Balkar: er

Karaim: er

Karakalpak: er adam

Salar: er

Kumyk: er

Comments: VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ЭСТЯ 1, 290-291, Лексика 303, 561, Егоров 30, Stachowski 46, 128.

Proto-Turkic: *ēt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to organize, to make

Russian meaning: устраивать, делать

Old Turkic: et- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: et- (MK)

Turkish: et-

Tatar: it-

Middle Turkic: et- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: et-

Uighur: et-, ät-

Sary-Yughur: et-, jet-, it-

Azerbaidzhan: et-

Turkmen: īdeg 'keeping' ('присмотр'), et-

Khakassian: it-

Oyrat: et-

Chuvash: at-

Tuva: et-

Kirghiz: et-

Kazakh: et-

Noghai: et-

Bashkir: it-

Balkar: et-

Gagauz: et-

Karaim: et-

Karakalpak: et-

Kumyk: et-

Comments: EDT 36-37, ЭСТЯ 1, 312-313, Дыбо Дисс. 56, Федотов 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative īdeg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.

Proto-Turkic: *ētük

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boot

Russian meaning: ботинок, сапог

Old Turkic: etük (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: etük (MK)

Turkish: edik

Tatar: itĭk

Middle Turkic: etük (Pav. C.), ötük (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: (dial.) ädik, ötik, ötük

Uighur: ötük

Turkmen: ǟdik

Khakassian: ödǝk

Oyrat: ödük

Chuvash: adъ

Yakut: eterbes

Dolgan: eterbes

Tuva: idik

Tofalar: idik

Kirghiz: ötük

Kazakh: etik

Noghai: etik

Karakalpak: etik

Salar: ītix, itix

Kumyk: etik

Comments: EDT 50, VEWT 52, ЭСТЯ 1, 319-321, Егоров 36, Лексика 479, Stachowski 48.

Proto-Turkic: *geb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 soft, mild, gentle 2 to become weak 3 empty

Russian meaning: 1 мягкий, нежный 2 слабеть 3 пустой

Old Turkic: kevšek (OUygh.) 1, kevil- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kevšek (MK) 1, kevil- 2 (MK)

Turkish: gevšek 1

Middle Turkic: kewšek 1 (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) kewil- 2 (AH)

Azerbaidzhan: kövšek 1

Turkmen: gövšül 'dilapidated'

Khakassian: köpsek 1

Chuvash: kъʷbъʷš 1, kavža- 2

Yakut: köp 1

Tuva: kögžür-gej 'рыхлый, хрупкий (снег, лед)'

Kirghiz: köpšö- 2

Gagauz: kevše- 2

Comments: VEWT 244, 291, EDT 689, 691, ЭСТЯ 3, 9-10 (the root tends to contaminate either with *geb- 'chew' or with *köp 'foam').

Proto-Turkic: *gebde

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: upper part of body

Russian meaning: верхняя часть тела

Old Turkic: kövdöŋ (OUygh.)

Turkish: gövde

Tatar: gɛwdɛ (dial.)

Uzbek: gavda

Azerbaidzhan: gövdä

Turkmen: gövde, gövre

Chuvash: xevte, xǝvtü 'power'

Kirghiz: kȫdö, kȫdön

Kazakh: kewde

Noghai: kewde

Karaim: gövde

Karakalpak: gewde, kewde

Comments: EDT 688, VEWT 259, ЭСТЯ 3, 52-53, Егоров 297, Федотов 2, 339-340, Дыбо 5, Лексика 267.

Proto-Turkic: *geb-re-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to become weak, fragile 2 fragile

Russian meaning: 1 слабеть, становиться хрупким 2 хрупкий

Karakhanid: kevre- 1, kevrek 2 (MK)

Turkish: gevre- 1, gevrek 2

Tatar: köjrök 2 (КСТТ)

Uzbek: kuwrak 2

Azerbaidzhan: kövräk 2

Khakassian: kibrek 2

Chuvash: kavraj- 1

Yakut: kebirē- 1 (possibly < Mong.)

Kirghiz: küjrö- 1

Kazakh: küjrek 2

Bashkir: käwert 'a tree rotten inside'

Gagauz: gevrek 1

Comments: VEWT 244, 245, EDT 691, ЭСТЯ 3, 7-9. Turk. > Hung. kőrő 'fragile' Gombocz 1912.