Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *gEbre

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 corpse 2 to die (of animals)

Russian meaning: 1 труп 2 дохнуть (о животных)

Karakhanid: kövre 'carrion' (MK)

Turkish: geber-, (dial.) gevre- 2

Azerbaidzhan: gäbär- 2

Turkmen: gövre 1

Oyrat: qavraj- 'истлевать, тлеть' (Ашм. 6, 19) (?)

Gagauz: geber- 2

Karaim: geber- 2

Comments: VEWT 244, EDT 690, ЭСТЯ 3, 36. The root is confused here with *gēp- 'to swell (of belly), become pregnant' (with which it indeed contaminates in Oghuz languages).

Proto-Turkic: *geč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pass, wade

Russian meaning: проходить, переходить вброд

Old Turkic: keč- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keč- (MK, KB)

Turkish: geč-

Tatar: kič-

Middle Turkic: kéč- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: keč-

Uighur: kä/eč-

Sary-Yughur: keš-

Azerbaidzhan: keč-

Turkmen: geč-

Khakassian: kis-

Shor: kež-ir- 'to ferry across the river'

Oyrat: keč-

Halaj: käč-

Chuvash: kaś-

Yakut: kes-

Tuva: ke'š-

Tofalar: ke'š-

Kirghiz: keč-

Noghai: keš-

Bashkir: kič-, kis-

Gagauz: geč-

Karaim: keč-

Karakalpak: keš-

Kumyk: geč-

Comments: VEWT 245, EDT 693-694, ЭСТЯ 3, 32-34, TMN 3, 584.

Proto-Turkic: *gEč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of flower

Russian meaning: вид цветка

Turkmen: gečemǯek 'ластовень острый', gečigeči 'пастушья сумка'.

Chuvash: kъčkъ 'catkins, aglets, flower buds' ( > Mari kičke 'willow buds'?)

Kirghiz: küčük 'catkins, aglets, flower buds'

Comments: Федотов 1, 264. Not quite secure, since the root is (folk-etymologically?) contaminated either with geče 'goat' or with *gǖčük 'puppy'.

Proto-Turkic: *ged

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: back, after

Russian meaning: сзади, позади

Old Turkic: kedin (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keδin (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: kijin (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: kejin

Uighur: kejin, käjin

Khakassian: kizĭn

Shor: käzin

Oyrat: kijin

Chuvash: kaj

Yakut: ke-lin; ketex 'back of head'

Dolgan: ke-lin; ketek 'back of head'

Kirghiz: kijin

Kazakh: kejin

Karakalpak: kejin

Comments: EDT 704, VEWT 246-247, ЭСТЯ 5, 23-24, Stachowski 144, 146. Forms like Yak. ketex 'back of head' clearly show that the root was *ged-; the monosyllabic *ge- (observable in Yak. ke-lin and perhaps Chuv. kaj) is most probably a result of secondary reinterpretation of the stems *gedin and *gerü (the latter < PA *kèro q. v.). It is exactly this reinterpretation that allows to reconstruct *g- in PT *ged- (the root is not attested in Oghuz languages).

Proto-Turkic: *ged-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put on

Russian meaning: надевать

Old Turkic: ked- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keδ- (MK)

Turkish: gij-

Tatar: kij-

Middle Turkic: kej- (AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: kij-

Uighur: kej-, kij-

Sary-Yughur: kez-

Azerbaidzhan: gej-

Turkmen: gej-

Khakassian: kis-

Shor: kes-

Oyrat: kij-

Halaj: käd-

Yakut: ket-

Dolgan: ket-

Tuva: ket-

Kirghiz: kij-

Kazakh: kĭj-

Noghai: kij-

Bashkir: kĭj-

Gagauz: gī-

Karaim: kij-

Karakalpak: kij-

Salar: kij-

Kumyk: gij-

Comments: EDT 700, VEWT 246, ЭСТЯ 3, 12-13, Лексика 472-473, Stachowski 146.

Proto-Turkic: *ged

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: very, extremely

Russian meaning: очень, весьма

Old Turkic: ked (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keδ (MK, KB)

Turkish: kej (Osm.)

Azerbaidzhan: gej

Comments: EDT 700 (with a quite dubious hypothesis of borrowing < Sogd.).

Proto-Turkic: *gEgrek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lower soft ribs

Russian meaning: нижние мягкие ребра

Turkish: geɣrek

Turkmen: gejrek

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 14, Дыбо 307, Лексика 276.

Proto-Turkic: *gejik

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wild animal 2 bird 3 roe

Russian meaning: 1 дикое животное 2 птица 3 лань

Old Turkic: kejik 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kejik 1

Turkish: gejik 3

Tatar: qɨjɨq 1

Middle Turkic: kejik 1 (Бор. Бад.), kijik (MA, Abush.)

Uighur: kijik 1

Turkmen: kejik 1

Khakassian: kīk 1

Chuvash: kajъk 1, 2

Kirghiz: kijik 1

Bashkir: qɨjɨq 1

Salar: kijyx 'wild goat' (ССЯ)

Comments: VEWT 247, EDT 755, ЭСТЯ 5, 21-23, Лексика 151-152.

Proto-Turkic: *gekir-dek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: throat, trachea, cartilage

Russian meaning: глотка, трахея, хрящ

Turkish: gegirtlek (dial.)

Tatar: kikertäk (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: kekirtek (MA)

Uzbek: kekirdak

Uighur: keki(r)däk

Turkmen: kekirdek

Chuvash: kagъr

Kirghiz: kekirtek

Noghai: kekirdevik

Bashkir: kigerläk (dial.)

Karakalpak: kegirdek

Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 26, Лексика 232. In many languages the word was influenced by the verb *gēkir- 'to belch'.

Proto-Turkic: *gẹl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to come

Russian meaning: приходить

Old Turkic: kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kel- (MK, KB)

Turkish: gel-

Tatar: kil-

Middle Turkic: kẹl- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: kel-

Uighur: käl-/kil-

Sary-Yughur: kel-

Azerbaidzhan: gäl-

Turkmen: gel-

Khakassian: kil-

Shor: kel- (R)

Oyrat: kel-

Halaj: käl-

Chuvash: kil-

Yakut: kel-

Dolgan: kel-

Tuva: kel-

Tofalar: kel-

Kirghiz: kel-

Kazakh: kel-

Noghai: kel-

Bashkir: kil-

Balkar: kel-

Gagauz: gel-

Karaim: kel-

Karakalpak: kel-

Salar: gel-, gej-

Kumyk: gel-

Comments: VEWT 248; EDT 715, ЭСТЯ 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly.

Proto-Turkic: *gele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to woo 2 to ask 3 messenger, in-between 4 parents having espoused their children 5 a promised bride

Russian meaning: 1 ухаживать, свататься 2 просить, выпрашивать 3 посланник, сват 4 родители, взаимно поженившие детей 5 просватанная девушка

Turkish: (dial.) gelešik 4

Tatar: kileš- 1, käläš 5; (Mishar) kelä- 2, (КСТТ) klän- 'to annoy, pester'

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) keleči 3 (Qutb)

Turkmen: gelešik 4, geleŋ 'attention, care'

Khakassian: kǝle- 2, kǝlen- 'to beg'

Chuvash: kalaś- 1; kǝle- 2

Bashkir: käläš 5

Balkar: keleči 3

Karaim: keliš- 1, kl'a-, kl'an- 'to wish, be favourably inclined'

Kumyk: geleš- 1, geleči 3

Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, Ахметьянов 112-114, Егоров 105, Федотов 1, 270-271. Some languages may reflect a merger with *kele- 'speak' (v. sub *k`i̯ăli). Turk. > Russ. клянчить.

Proto-Turkic: *gẹlin

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bride, daughter-in-law

Russian meaning: невеста, невестка

Old Turkic: keliŋ-ün (Orkh., Coll.), kelin (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kelin (MK, KB)

Turkish: gelin

Tatar: kilen

Middle Turkic: kelin (Sangl., Pav. C., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: kelin

Uighur: kelin

Sary-Yughur: kelin (Malov)

Azerbaidzhan: gälin

Turkmen: gelin

Khakassian: kilǝn

Shor: kelin

Oyrat: kelin

Halaj: kälin (gälin < Az.)

Chuvash: kin, kilǝn-

Yakut: kijīt (*plur.)

Tuva: kelin

Tofalar: helin, henni-

Kirghiz: kelin

Kazakh: kelin

Noghai: kelin

Bashkir: kilen

Balkar: kelin

Gagauz: gelin

Karaim: kelin

Karakalpak: kelin

Salar: kein, kiin (ССЯ)

Kumyk: gelin

Comments: VEWT 248, EDT 719, ЭСТЯ 3, 16-18, Лексика 302.

Proto-Turkic: *gEmür-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to gnaw

Russian meaning: грызть, глодать

Karakhanid: kemür- (MK)

Turkish: gemir-, kemir-

Tatar: kimer-

Middle Turkic: kömür- (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: kemir-

Uighur: kemi(r)-

Azerbaidzhan: gämir-

Turkmen: gemir-

Khakassian: kimǝr-

Oyrat: kemir-

Yakut: kömürüö 'spongy bone'

Tuva: xemir-

Tofalar: xemir-

Kirghiz: kemir-

Kazakh: kemir-

Noghai: kemir-

Bashkir: kimer-

Balkar: kemir-

Gagauz: kemir-

Karaim: kemir-

Karakalpak: kemir-

Kumyk: gemir-

Comments: VEWT 251, EDT 723, ЭСТЯ 3, 18-19, Лексика 262.

Proto-Turkic: *gEmürgen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild onion or garlic

Russian meaning: дикий лук или чеснок

Karakhanid: kövürgen (MK), kömürgen (MK - Oghuz)

Turkish: gümüren

Khakassian: köbǝrgen

Oyrat: köbürgen

Tuva: kögürön (dial.)

Tofalar: kögirhen

Kirghiz: köbürgön

Gagauz: kömüren

Comments: EDT 691, ЭСТЯ 3, 100; VEWT 285; Лексика 124. Sometimes explained as derived from köbür- 'to foam' (see VEWT ibid.); this seems a folk etymology, but may explain the irregular -b- in some of the forms.

Proto-Turkic: *gEnč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: young, child

Russian meaning: молодой, ребенок

Old Turkic: kenč (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kenč (MK, KB)

Turkish: genč/ǯ-

Azerbaidzhan: gänǯ

Gagauz: genč/ǯ-

Karaim: genč

Comments: EDT 727, ЭСТЯ 3, 20-21, VEWT 252 (not < Pers., despite Räsänen; see TMN 1, 488).

Proto-Turkic: *gĒne

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tick, name of different parasites

Russian meaning: клещ, назв. различных паразитов

Turkish: gene, kene

Uzbek: kana

Azerbaidzhan: gänä

Turkmen: gǟnä

Kazakh: kenä

Karakalpak: kene

Comments: VEWT 251, TMN 3, 615-616, ЭСТЯ 5, 63-64, Лексика 183. Voiced *g- and front row vocalism speaks against the theory of Turk. being < Pers. kana (although some forms like Khalaj kana and Turkm. dial. kǟnä may have been influenced by the Persian word - which itself has so far no Iranian etymology and must be regarded as a Turkic loanword).

Proto-Turkic: *gEne

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: again, also, however

Russian meaning: снова, также, однако

Karakhanid: kene (MKypch.)

Turkish: gene

Azerbaidzhan: gänä

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 115.

Proto-Turkic: *[g]ẹntü (-nd-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: self, himself

Russian meaning: сам

Old Turkic: kentü (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kendü (MK)

Turkish: kendi, dial. gendü

Azerbaidzhan: gendi

Yakut: kini 'he'

Dolgan: gini 'he', gien 'own'

Comments: EDT 728-729, ЭСТЯ 5, 38-39, Убрятова 1953, Räsänen 1957, 18, Stachowski 86.

Proto-Turkic: *geŋe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to advise 2 advice

Russian meaning: 1 советовать(ся) 2 совет

Old Turkic: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keŋe- 'to settle one's affairs with someone' (MK, KB), keneš 2, keŋeš- 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: gengeš- 1 (dial.)

Tatar: kiŋäš 2

Middle Turkic: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1 (Abush., Sangl.)

Uighur: käŋäš- 1 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: keŋes- 1, keŋis 2

Azerbaidzhan: gänäš- 1 (dial.)

Turkmen: geŋeš- 1, geŋeš 2

Oyrat: keŋeš- 1 (Верб.)

Chuvash: kanaš 2, kanaš-la- 1

Kirghiz: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1

Kazakh: keŋes 2, keŋes- 1

Noghai: keŋes 2

Bashkir: käŋäš 2

Balkar: kengeš 'counsel'

Karaim: kenes, keneš 2, keneš- 1

Karakalpak: keŋes 2, keŋes- 1

Kumyk: gengeš 'counsel'

Comments: VEWT 253, EDT 727, 734, ЭСТЯ 3, 21-22, TMN 3, 613-614.

Proto-Turkic: *geŋiŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nasal cavity

Russian meaning: полость носа

Turkish: geniz

Azerbaidzhan: gäniz, gänzik

Turkmen: geŋz-ew 'nasal'

Yakut: keŋerī 'bridge of nose'

Kirghiz: keŋilǯer

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 27, Лексика 216.