Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *ạt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to throw, shoot

Russian meaning: бросать, стрелять

Old Turkic: at- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: at- (MK)

Turkish: at-

Tatar: at-

Middle Turkic: at- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔt-

Uighur: at-

Sary-Yughur: at-

Azerbaidzhan: at-

Turkmen: at-

Khakassian: at-

Shor: at-

Oyrat: at-

Halaj: hat-

Chuvash: ɨvъt-, dial. ut-

Yakut: ɨt-

Dolgan: ɨt-

Tuva: at-

Kirghiz: at-

Kazakh: at-

Noghai: at-

Bashkir: at-

Balkar: at-

Gagauz: at-

Karaim: at-

Karakalpak: at-

Kumyk: at-

Comments: EDT 36, VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 199-200, 203, 204, Егоров 342, Федотов 2, 469, Stachowski 262.

Proto-Turkic: *ạt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to dawn

Russian meaning: рассветать

Karakhanid: at- (MK, Tefs.)

Turkish: at-

Tatar: at-

Middle Turkic: at- (Abush.)

Uighur: at-

Turkmen: at-

Khakassian: at-

Shor: at-

Oyrat: at-

Yakut: ɨt-

Tuva: a't-

Tofalar: a't-

Kirghiz: at-

Kazakh: at-

Noghai: at-

Bashkir: at-

Balkar: at-

Gagauz: at-

Karakalpak: at-

Kumyk: at-

Comments: Usually confused with *at- 'to shoot, throw', but certainly distinct.

Proto-Turkic: *ăt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: horse

Russian meaning: лошадь

Old Turkic: at (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: at (MK, KB)

Turkish: at

Tatar: at

Middle Turkic: at

Uzbek: ɔt

Uighur: at

Sary-Yughur: a't

Azerbaidzhan: at

Turkmen: at

Khakassian: at

Shor: at

Oyrat: at

Halaj: hat

Chuvash: ut

Yakut: at

Dolgan: at

Tuva: a't

Kirghiz: at

Kazakh: at

Noghai: at

Bashkir: at

Balkar: at

Gagauz: at

Karaim: at

Karakalpak: at

Salar: at, ac

Kumyk: at

Comments: EDT 23, VEWT 30, ЭСТЯ 1, 197-198, TMN 2, 4-5, Лексика 441, Ашм. III, 316-320, Stachowski 38.

Proto-Turkic: *Ata / *Ete

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 father 2 uncle 3 ancestor

Russian meaning: 1 отец 2 дядя 3 предок

Old Turkic: ata 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ata, ataqɨ 1 (MK)

Turkish: ata 3, dial. ede 2

Tatar: ata, eti 1, etkej 2

Middle Turkic: ata (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: ɔta 1

Uighur: ata 1, 3

Sary-Yughur: ata 1

Azerbaidzhan: ata 1

Turkmen: ata 'father's father'

Khakassian: ada 1

Oyrat: ada 1, 3

Tuva: a'da 1

Tofalar: ada 1, 3

Kirghiz: ata 1, 3

Kazakh: ata 1

Noghai: ata 1, 'male'

Bashkir: ata 1, 'male'

Balkar: ata 1

Karaim: ata 3

Karakalpak: ata 3

Kumyk: ata 1

Comments: EDT 40, 48, VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 200-201, TMN 2, 5-6, 9, Лексика 294, 304.

Proto-Turkic: *atan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a castrated camel

Russian meaning: кастрированный верблюд

Karakhanid: atan (MK)

Middle Turkic: atan (IM)

Turkmen: atan (dial.)

Tuva: adan

Kirghiz: atan

Kazakh: atan

Noghai: atan

Karakalpak: atan

Comments: EDT 60, ЭСТЯ 1, 202-203. Turk. > WMong. atan 'castrated camel'. Cf. also Yak. at 'castrated', attā- 'to castrate' - homonymous with at 'horse', which is probably a secondary merger (the two roots obviously are to be kept separate).

Proto-Turkic: *Atɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: (junior) nephew, grandson

Russian meaning: (младший) племянник, внук

Old Turkic: atɨ (Orkh.)

Uighur: dial. Lobn. ataj-ɨm 'oh, my child!'

Sary-Yughur: atɨ

Khakassian: adaj 'dog' ( < *'cub')

Comments: VEWT 31, EDT 40, ЭСТЯ 1, 79.

Proto-Turkic: *Atɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: watered field, boundary

Russian meaning: орошаемое поле, межа

Karakhanid: atɨz 'any strip of land between two dikes' (MK)

Uighur: etiz

Turkmen: atɨz

Shor: adɨs 'загон 1/18 десятины'

Kirghiz: adɨr 'холмистая местность, увалы'

Kazakh: atɨz

Comments: VEWT 31, EDT 73. Turk. > Mong. atiz (Щербак 1997, 102). Cf. also *ātag 'island'.

Proto-Turkic: *atkak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gills

Russian meaning: жабры

Khakassian: atpax

Shor: attaq

Oyrat: atqaq

Comments: VEWT 31. A local Siberian word; should be kept distinct from *ạt(kɨ)- 'pinch, pinchful, handful' (q. v. sub *p`ắt`à(-kV)).

Proto-Turkic: *ạt(kɨ-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 handful 2 pinch(ful) 3 barb of the fish-fork hook

Russian meaning: 1 горсть, пригоршня 2 щепотка 3 бородка, зазубрина крючка остроги

Turkish: atɨm 2, atkɨ 'weft; wooden fork; strap on footwear, scarf'

Tatar: atqɨrɨ (dial.) 'cross-beam'

Uzbek: ɔtim 2

Azerbaidzhan: atGɨ 'cross-bar', atɨm 2

Turkmen: atɨm 2

Oyrat: atqaq 3

Chuvash: ɨdam 'armful'

Tuva: adɨm 1, atqaq 3, atpaq 'hanger for horse harness', atpaq-ta-l- 'to hitch on to smth.', atpaŋna- 'grasp (of a child)'

Kirghiz: atɨm 2

Comments: Егоров 344, Мудрак Дисс. 85, VEWT 31. If we exclude obvious loans from Mong. adqu-, all the other forms clearly fall into two types. 1) PT *ạtɨm 'handful, pinchful' 2) PT *Atkɨ- 'smth. hitched, clutching, clinging'. The latter (Tuva atkak) is linked in EDT 47 with OUygh. atqaq 'vikalpa'. There is a number of OUygh. Buddhist terms that can be derived from a stem meaning 'grasp, hitch': atqaq '1) vikalpa, attachment to the material world (whence borrowed in Mong. atqaɣ 'illusion, prejudice'), 2) viṣaya, 'idea, notion, subject', atqaq-lɨɣ 'appertaining to smth.', atqa-n- 'be connected, clinging to (the material world)', atqa-nč-sɨz 'devoid of sense perceptions', atqanɣu 'viṣaya', atqanɣu-luɣ 'correlated' (cf. (alquqa) atqanɣuluɣ tutǯaqlɨɣ 'correlated (with everything) (and) grasping (everything)'), see ДТС 68, EDT 47. This all seems to indicate a primary root *ạt- meaning both 'to cling, hitch on to smth., grasp' and 'a grasp, handful' (also 'armful' if we take into account the Chuv. meaning). Note that in Siberian languages this root (*ạt-ka-k) is additionally confused with the local word for 'gills' - which has a quite separate Altaic origin (see under *p`átà(kV) 'fish fin').

Proto-Turkic: *ạ̄č

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hunger

Russian meaning: голод

Old Turkic: ač (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ač (MK)

Turkish: ač

Tatar: ač

Middle Turkic: aǯ (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔč

Uighur: ač

Azerbaidzhan: aǯ

Turkmen: āč

Khakassian: as

Shor: aš

Oyrat: ač

Halaj: āč, ɔ̄ču-

Chuvash: vɨźъ

Yakut: ās

Dolgan: ač-čɨk 'hungry'

Tuva: aš

Kirghiz: ač

Kazakh: aš

Noghai: aš

Bashkir: as

Balkar: ač

Gagauz: āč

Karaim: ač

Karakalpak: aš

Kumyk: ač

Comments: EDT 17, VEWT 3, ЭСТЯ 1, 208-209, Stachowski 28.

Proto-Turkic: *ād-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to sober up 2 sober, conscious

Russian meaning: 1 трезветь 2 трезвый, сознательный

Old Turkic: adɨn- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: aδɨl- (MK,KB), aδɨn- (MK, KB) 1, aδɨɣ (MK) 2

Turkish: ajɨl-, dial. aj(ɨh)-, Osm. ajɨn- 1, ajɨk 2

Tatar: dial. ajɨl- 1, ajɨq 2

Middle Turkic: ajɨl- (Sangl.) 1, ajɨq (Houts., Pav. C., IM) 2, ajɨɣ (IM, Qutb) 2

Uzbek: dial. ajɨq 2

Azerbaidzhan: ajɨl- 1, ajɨG 2

Turkmen: ājɨl- 1, dial. ajɨq 2

Khakassian: ajɨɣ 2

Chuvash: orъl- 1, orъ 2

Kirghiz: ajɨq- 1

Kazakh: ajɨq- 1, ajɨq 2

Noghai: ajɨq- 1

Bashkir: ajɨq- 1, ajɨq 2

Karakalpak: ajɨq- 1, ajɨq 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 113-114, EDT 46, 61, Федотов 2, 285.

Proto-Turkic: *āg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: net

Russian meaning: сеть

Karakhanid: aɣ (KB, IM)

Turkish: aɣ; aɣ, av (Osmanli)

Tatar: aw

Middle Turkic: aɣ (Sangl.)

Uzbek: āɣ (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: aɣ

Turkmen: āq (dial.)

Khakassian: aɣ (Sag.)

Shor: aɣ

Oyrat: aɣ (dial.)

Kirghiz: ū

Kazakh: aw

Noghai: aw

Bashkir: aw

Balkar: aw

Karaim: av, uv

Karakalpak: aw

Kumyk: aw

Comments: VEWT 7, 20, ЭСТЯ 1, 117-118, 152-153, Лексика 418-419. On aŋnɨɣ (Shor), aɣnɨχ (Khak.) v. sub *ăŋu.

Proto-Turkic: *ạ̄gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 poison 2 musk

Russian meaning: 1 яд 2 мускус, кабарговая струя

Old Turkic: aɣu 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aɣu 1 (MK)

Turkish: au 1

Tatar: aɣu 1

Middle Turkic: aɣu 1

Uzbek: ɔɣu 1

Uighur: aɣi, oɣa 1

Sary-Yughur: aɣa 1

Azerbaidzhan: aɣɨ 1

Turkmen: āvɨ 1

Khakassian: ō 1

Yakut: ɨ̄ 2

Tofalar: ā 1 (Рас. ФиЛ 9)

Kirghiz: aɣū 2

Kazakh: aɣu dial.

Noghai: aɣuw

Bashkir: aɣɨw

Balkar: aɣu

Karaim: aɣu

Kumyk: aɣuw, aɣu

Comments: VEWT 9, 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 67. The Kypch. forms with -ɣ- (not shifted to -w-) and *-uɣ may be borrowed from Chag.

Proto-Turkic: *āja ( < *āŋ́a)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Old Turkic: aja (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aja (MK, KB)

Turkish: aja

Middle Turkic: aja (Sangl.; MKypch.- Houts., AH)

Sary-Yughur: χaja, χajan

Turkmen: āja

Khakassian: aja

Kazakh: aja 'center of a palm'

Noghai: aja

Bashkir: aja 'мера длины - пальма; гребень для чесания пуха'

Balkar: ajaz (< формы 3 л.)

Kumyk: aja

Comments: VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 100-101, Дыбо 179-181, Лексика 252.

Proto-Turkic: *āl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 front 2 forehead 3 in front of 4 towards the front of

Russian meaning: 1 перед 2 лоб 3 впереди, спереди 4 вперед

Old Turkic: alɨn 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: alɨn 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: al 1 (dial.), alɨn 1, 2; 'face'

Tatar: al 1, al-d-ɨ 1, alɨn 1

Middle Turkic: alɨ 1 (Abush.), alnɨ-da 'in the presence of' (Abush.), aldɨ (Babur) 3

Uzbek: ɔl-d-i 1

Uighur: ajl, aldi 1, al-dɨn 3, al-ɣa 4

Sary-Yughur: al 1, alɨm, alɨn 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: alɨn 2

Turkmen: ālɨn 1, 2

Khakassian: alnɨ 1

Shor: alnɨ 1, alɨn-da 3

Oyrat: aldɨ, alɨn 1

Halaj: hānl(ɨ), hāll 2

Chuvash: om 1

Tuva: alɨn 'face'

Tofalar: alɨn 'face, mountain slope'

Kirghiz: al 1, al-d-ɨ 1

Kazakh: al-da 3, al-d-ɨ 1

Noghai: al-d-ɨ 1

Bashkir: al, aldɨ 1

Balkar: al, allɨ 1, al-da 3, al-ɣa 4

Gagauz: annɨ 2

Karaim: al-d-ɨ 1 (K), alɨn 1 (T, H)

Karakalpak: al-d-ɨ 1

Salar: aldɨ- 1

Kumyk: al 1, al-dan 3

Comments: EDT 121, 147; VEWT 14 (should be distinguished from *al- 'below'), TMN 2, 120, ЭСТЯ 1, 124-125, 146, Федотов 2, 280, Лексика 198-199. See EDT 121 commenting on the absence of early attestation of the suffixless form.

Proto-Turkic: *āla

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: variegated

Russian meaning: пестрый

Old Turkic: ala (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ala (MK)

Turkish: ala

Tatar: ala

Middle Turkic: ala

Uzbek: ɔla

Uighur: ala

Sary-Yughur: ala

Azerbaidzhan: ala

Turkmen: āla

Khakassian: ala

Shor: ala

Oyrat: ala

Halaj: hala-bula

Chuvash: ola

Yakut: ala

Tuva: ala

Tofalar: ala

Kirghiz: ala

Kazakh: ala

Noghai: ala

Bashkir: ala

Balkar: ala

Gagauz: ala-ǯa

Karaim: ala

Karakalpak: ala

Salar: ala

Kumyk: ala

Comments: EDT 126, VEWT 15, ЭСТЯ 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Федотов 2, 274, Лексика 607.

Proto-Turkic: *āń(k)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: moon, month

Russian meaning: луна, месяц

Old Turkic: aj (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aj (MK, KB)

Turkish: aj

Tatar: aj

Middle Turkic: aj; ań (CCum.)

Uzbek: ɔj

Uighur: aj

Sary-Yughur: aj

Azerbaidzhan: aj

Turkmen: āj

Khakassian: aj

Shor: aj

Oyrat: aj

Halaj: hāj

Chuvash: ojъx

Yakut: ɨj

Dolgan: ɨj 'month'

Tuva: aj

Tofalar: aj̃

Kirghiz: aj

Kazakh: aj

Noghai: aj

Bashkir: aj

Balkar: aj

Gagauz: aj

Karaim: aj

Karakalpak: aj

Salar: aj

Kumyk: aj

Comments: VEWT 10, TMN 2, 169, EDT 265, ЭСТЯ 1, 98-99 (see there on the reasons of reconstructing *-ń), Мудрак Дисс. 178, Федотов 2, 271, Лексика 55, 76-77, Stachowski 258.

Proto-Turkic: *āŋ, *āŋ-la-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to understand 2 intelligence 3 to hear 4 to discern (dial.)

Russian meaning: 1 понимать 2 разум, ум 3 слышать 4 различать (диал.)

Old Turkic: aŋla- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: aŋla- (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: anla- 1

Tatar: aŋ-ɣar- 1

Middle Turkic: aŋ 2, aŋla- 1 (Sangl.)

Uighur: aŋla- 3

Sary-Yughur: aŋna- 3

Azerbaidzhan: anla- 1

Turkmen: āŋla- 1, āŋ 2

Khakassian: aŋdɨ- 'to look attentively'

Halaj: aŋla- 1 ( < Az.)

Chuvash: ъʷn 2

Yakut: aŋlā- 4

Kirghiz: aŋ 2

Comments: VEWT 20, TMN 2,130, EDT 165, 186, ЭСТЯ 1, 153-154. WMong. aŋ-ǯira- 'to know, understand' < Turkic Siberian languages (aŋ-sɨra- with the affix of incomplete verb quality); WMong. aŋqar- < Turk. *āŋ-gar-.

Proto-Turkic: *ạ̄r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be tired, exhausted 2 to become lean

Russian meaning: 1 уставать 2 худеть

Old Turkic: ar- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: ar- (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: ar- 1

Tatar: ar- 1

Middle Turkic: ar- (Sangl., Abush., Pav. C., AH, Qutb, IM) 1

Uzbek: hɔri- 1, (Khor.) hār- 1

Uighur: ar- 1

Azerbaidzhan: arɨG (Adj.) 1

Turkmen: ār- 1

Khakassian: ar- 2

Shor: ar- 2

Oyrat: arɨ- 1

Halaj: harqān, harqan (Ger.) 1

Chuvash: ɨr- 1

Yakut: ɨ̄r- 2

Tuva: ar- 2

Kirghiz: arɨ- 1

Kazakh: arɨ- 1

Noghai: arɨ- 1

Bashkir: arɨ- 1

Balkar: arɨ- 1

Karakalpak: harɨ- 1

Kumyk: arɨ- 1

Comments: VEWT 22, ЭСТЯ 1, 160-162, EDT 193, Егоров 343.

Proto-Turkic: *āŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to go astray, lose one's way 2 to lose mind, go mad 3 to miss

Russian meaning: 1 сбиваться с пути 2 сходить с ума 3 упускать, промахиваться

Old Turkic: az- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: az- 1 (MK, IM)

Turkish: az- 1

Tatar: az- 1

Middle Turkic: az- (Sangl., Houts., Pav. C., Qutb) 1

Uzbek: ɔz- 1

Uighur: az- 1

Sary-Yughur: az- 1

Azerbaidzhan: az- 1

Turkmen: āz- 1

Khakassian: as- 1

Shor: as- 1

Oyrat: as- 1

Halaj: hāz- 1

Chuvash: or- 2

Yakut: ās- 1, 3

Tuva: as- 1

Kirghiz: az- 1

Kazakh: az- 1

Noghai: az- 1

Bashkir: aδ- 1

Gagauz: āz- (Дмитриев 1955) 1

Karaim: az- 1

Karakalpak: az- 1

Comments: EDT 279, VEWT 22, 33, 193, Федотов 2, 283, ЭСТЯ 1, 94-95.