Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *jAńka-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to shake, bring into motion

Russian meaning: качать(ся), приводить в движение

Old Turkic: jajqa-n- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jajqa-l- (MK)

Turkish: jajka-

Middle Turkic: jajqa-l- (Sangl., Pav. C.)

Uighur: (dial.) jajqa-

Turkmen: jajqa-

Khakassian: čajxa-, dial. najxal-

Oyrat: d́ajqa-, dial. d́ajɣa-

Tuva: ča'jɣa-

Tofalar: ča'jha- (Рас. ФиЛ 77)

Kirghiz: ǯajqa-

Kazakh: žajqal-

Noghai: jajqa-l-

Karaim: jajqa-

Comments: ОСНЯ 3, 58-59, ЭСТЯ 4, 77-78, EDT 981. PT *jańka- is usually treated as derived from *jāj- 'to shake, rinse' (see e.g. ЭСТЯ 4, 75-76, EDT ibid.), but the latter does not seem to show any traces of nasal and may be separately compared with Mong. ǯaji-lu- 'to rinse', ǯaji-mu- 'to shake, stir', see KW 471.

Proto-Turkic: *jaŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 echo 2 sound, resound 3 to sound, pronounce

Russian meaning: 1 эхо 2 подражание звукам, звучание 3 звучать

Old Turkic: jaŋqu 1 (OUygh.), jaŋra- (Orkh.) 3

Karakhanid: jaŋqu 1, jaŋra- 3 (MK)

Turkish: jankɨ 1

Tatar: jaŋɣɨra- 3

Middle Turkic: jaŋqu 1 (AH)

Uzbek: jaŋgra- 3

Turkmen: jaŋ 2, jaŋra- 3

Oyrat: d́aŋu 1, d́aŋɨr- 3

Yakut: saŋa 2

Dolgan: haŋa 2

Tuva: čaŋɣɨ 1

Kirghiz: ǯaŋɨr- 3

Noghai: jaŋɨra- 3

Bashkir: jaŋɣɨra- 3

Karakalpak: žaŋɣɨr- 3

Kumyk: janɣɨr- 3

Comments: EDT 949, 952, ЭСТЯ 4, 119, 122, 124, Stachowski 96. Turk. > WMong. jaŋ 'melody' (Щербак 1997, 164).

Proto-Turkic: *jAŋak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: door post

Russian meaning: дверной косяк

Karakhanid: (qapuɣ) jaŋaqɨ (MK)

Tatar: jaŋaq

Oyrat: jāq

Tuva: čāq

Bashkir: jaŋaq

Comments: DT 948, ЭСТЯ 4, 123-124. The root is traditionally considered merely a variant of *jạjŋak 'cheek, jaw' (v. sub *zi̯ā̀ni), but it may be possible to separate them etymologically. Tat. > Chuv. janax > Mari, Udm. janak (Федотов 2, 500).

Proto-Turkic: *jAŋgak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: walnut

Russian meaning: грецкий орех

Old Turkic: jaɣaq (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: jaɣaq (MK)

Tatar: jaŋaq, ǯaŋɣaq (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jaŋɣaq (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jɔŋɣɔq

Uighur: jaŋaq, jaŋɣaq

Turkmen: jaŋaq, jaŋɣaq (dial.)

Halaj: jaɣāq

Kirghiz: ǯaŋaq, ǯaŋɣaq

Kazakh: žaŋɣaq

Karakalpak: žaŋɣaq

Comments: VEWT 186, ЭСТЯ 4, 59-60, Лексика 112. Turkic > Hung. dió (see MNyTESz 1, 641).

Proto-Turkic: *jaŋɨ / *jeŋi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: new

Russian meaning: новый

Old Turkic: jaŋɨ (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaŋɨ (MK)

Turkish: jeni

Tatar: jaŋa

Middle Turkic: jaŋɨ (MA, Abush.)

Uzbek: jangụ

Uighur: jeŋi

Sary-Yughur: jaŋɨ

Azerbaidzhan: jeni

Turkmen: jaŋɨ 'just, recently'

Khakassian: nā

Shor: na (Верб.)

Oyrat: d́aŋɨ

Halaj: jäŋgi

Chuvash: śǝnǝ

Yakut: saŋa

Dolgan: haŋa; hiŋil 'young'

Tuva: čā

Tofalar: ńā̃

Kirghiz: ǯaŋɨ

Kazakh: žaŋa

Noghai: jaŋɨ

Bashkir: jaŋɨ

Balkar: žanɣɨ

Gagauz: jeni

Karaim: jɨŋgɨ

Karakalpak: žaŋa

Salar: jaŋɨ

Kumyk: jaŋɨ

Comments: VEWT 185 (Räsänen is deriving this word from *jān 'side' which is quite improbable), EDT 943-4, ЭСТЯ 4, 124-125, Лексика 85, Stachowski 96, 104. Turk. > MMo, WMong. ǯaŋgi, Kalm. zäŋǵǝ 'news' (KW 470; doubts about this borrowing in TMN 1, 281, based on the early attestation of the meaning "discussion" in Mong., are hardly founded).

Proto-Turkic: *jAŋɨl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 mistake, fault 2 to err, make a mistake

Russian meaning: 1 ошибка, вина 2 ошибаться

Old Turkic: jaŋɨl- 2, jaŋluq 1(Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaŋɨl- 2, jaŋluq 1(MK)

Turkish: janlɨš 1, janɨl- 2

Tatar: jalɣɨš- 2

Middle Turkic: jaɣɨl- (Бор. Бад., Ettuhf., Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: jaŋliš- 2

Uighur: jeŋil-, jaŋliš- 2

Sary-Yughur: jaŋɨl 1

Azerbaidzhan: janlɨš 1

Turkmen: jalŋɨš 1, jalŋɨš- 2

Shor: nāl- 2

Oyrat: jaŋɨl-, d́aŋɨl- 2

Kirghiz: ǯaŋɨl- 2

Kazakh: žaŋɨl- 2

Bashkir: jaŋɨlɨš- 2

Gagauz: jannɨš 1

Karaim: jaŋɨl-, jaŋɣɨl- 2

Kumyk: jaŋɨl-, jaŋlɨš- 2

Comments: VEWT 186, EDT 950, 951, ЭСТЯ 4, 120-121. Suffixless *jaŋ is poorly attested and probably does not exist.

Proto-Turkic: *jaŋɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lonely, single

Russian meaning: одинокий, единственный

Old Turkic: jaŋus (Yen.)

Sary-Yughur: jaŋɣɨs

Turkmen: jaŋɣɨz (dial.)

Khakassian: čaɣɨs, naɣɨs

Oyrat: d'aŋɨs

Yakut: soɣotox

Tuva: čaŋɨs; jaŋɣɨs (Todzh.)

Tofalar: ńū~s

Kirghiz: ǯaŋɣɨz

Bashkir: jaŋɣɨz

Balkar: ǯaŋɣɨz

Comments: VEWT 187, ДТС 235, ЭСТЯ 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalaŋɣuz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *jAp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to make, create, arrange

Russian meaning: делать, создавать, приготовлять

Old Turkic: jap- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jap- (MK)

Turkish: jap-

Tatar: jap- (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jap- (Ettuhf.)

Uighur: jap- (dial.)

Gagauz: jap-

Comments: EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 126-127, where arguments are given in favour of separating this verb from *jap- 'to cover'.

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cover; to close, shut (the door)

Russian meaning: покрывать; закрывать (дверь)

Karakhanid: jap- (MK)

Tatar: jap-

Middle Turkic: jap- (AH, Ettuhf., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jɔp-

Uighur: jap-

Azerbaidzhan: jap- (dial.)

Turkmen: jap-

Khakassian: čap-

Shor: čap-

Oyrat: jap-, d́ap-

Yakut: sap-

Dolgan: hap-

Tuva: šɨp-

Kirghiz: ǯap-

Kazakh: žap-

Noghai: jap-

Bashkir: jap-

Balkar: ǯap-, žap-, zap-

Karaim: jap-

Karakalpak: žap-

Kumyk: jap-

Comments: VEWT 187, EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 127-128 (with a careful distinction of *jap- 'create, make' and *jap- 'cover'), Stachowski 96-97. Derivates mean 'cloth, covering' (see Лексика 545).

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to smooth, level 2 flat

Russian meaning: 1 выравнивать, сглаживать 2 плоский

Karakhanid: japur- (MK) 1

Middle Turkic: japalaq 2 (R.)

Uighur: japilaq 2

Azerbaidzhan: japɨG 2

Tuva: čɨ`pɨt 2

Kirghiz: ǯapalaq 2

Karaim: japalaq 2

Kumyk: japalaq 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 16-17, 130, EDT 879.

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lap 2 greedy 3 lickerish

Russian meaning: 1 лакать, жадно пить 2 жадный 3 лакомый

Khakassian: jabɨlɨɣ 2 R 3, 281 (Koib., Kach.); čapla-t- 1, čapsɨx 3

Oyrat: japla-t- 1

Yakut: sabɨrɣā- 1

Comments: A local Siberian root.

Proto-Turkic: *jAp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a mass of hair or wool

Russian meaning: масса, клубок волос или шерсти

Karakhanid: jap, japɣut, japaqu (MK)

Turkish: japaɨ

Tatar: jabaɣa

Middle Turkic: japaq (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: ǯabiqa

Azerbaidzhan: japaq, japaɣɨ (dial.)

Turkmen: japaGɨ

Kirghiz: ǯabaɣa

Kazakh: žabaɣɨ

Noghai: jabaɣɨ

Bashkir: jabaɣɨ

Balkar: ǯabaɣɨ, zabaɣɨ

Gagauz: japā

Karaim: japaɣa

Karakalpak: žabaɣɨ

Kumyk: jabaɣɨ

Comments: EDT 870, 874-875, ЭСТЯ 4, 125-126. Turk. > Hung. gyapjú (< *ǯapaɣu), see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *japal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spleen

Russian meaning: селезенка

Tuva: čavana, Todzh. (Рас. ФиЛ, 194) čɨ'val

Tofalar: ča'p`al

Comments: An isolated Sayan root.

Proto-Turkic: *jạp-ɨĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to glue, stick to

Russian meaning: приклеиваться, прилипать

Old Turkic: japɨš- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: japuš-, japɨš- (MK)

Turkish: japɨš-

Tatar: jabɨš-

Middle Turkic: japɨš- (AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔpiš-

Uighur: jepiš-, jopuš-

Azerbaidzhan: japɨš-

Turkmen: japɨš-

Halaj: japuš-

Chuvash: śɨbъś-

Yakut: sɨsɨn- šɨbā - 'to plaster, smear'

Tuva: čɨ'pšɨn-

Kirghiz: ǯabɨš-

Kazakh: žabɨs-

Noghai: jabɨs-

Bashkir: jäbeš-

Balkar: žabɨš-

Gagauz: japɨš-

Karaim: japɨš-, japuš-, jabuš-

Karakalpak: žabɨs-

Kumyk: jabuš-, jabɨš-

Comments: VEWT 187, ЭСТЯ 4, 132-133, EDT 880-881. The deriving stem *jạp- is probably preserved in Karakh. (MK) jap- 'stick to', Az. jap- 'to model dung for drying' and *jap-ma 'modelled dung' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 130, 133); thus the analysis of *jạp-ɨĺč- as reciprocal from *jap- 'make, create' or 'cover' (EDT ibid.) is certainly incorrect.

Proto-Turkic: *japɨĺgak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 small louse 2 nit 3 a k. of gad-fly 4 leech

Russian meaning: 1 маленькая вошь 2 гнида 3 вид овода 4 пиявка

Tatar: jabɨšqaq 2, 3

Turkmen: japɨšaq 1

Oyrat: japšɨq, d́apšɨq 3

Bashkir: jäbeškɛk 1, 2

Gagauz: japɨšqan 4

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 134.

Proto-Turkic: *jạpɨtak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: without saddle

Russian meaning: без седла

Karakhanid: jabɨtaq (MK)

Turkish: japɨldaq (dial.)

Uighur: jawdaq

Sary-Yughur: jabɨtaq

Turkmen: japbɨllaq

Khakassian: čabdax

Shor: čabɨdaq

Oyrat: d́abɨdaq

Yakut: sɨbɨdax

Tuva: čawɨdaq

Gagauz: jalburdaq

Comments: EDT 873, ЭСТЯ 4, 49-50.

Proto-Turkic: *japur-gak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: leaf

Russian meaning: лист

Old Turkic: japɨrɣaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: japurɣaq (MK)

Turkish: japrak

Tatar: jafraq

Middle Turkic: japɨrɣan (Abush.), j[a]praq (MA)

Uzbek: japrɔq

Uighur: jopurmaq

Azerbaidzhan: jarpaG

Turkmen: japraq

Oyrat: d́albɨraq

Yakut: sebirdex

Dolgan: hebirdek

Tuva: čövüree 'bark'

Tofalar: čö'prää 'bark'

Kirghiz: ǯalbɨraq

Kazakh: žapɨraq

Noghai: japɨraq

Bashkir: japraq

Balkar: čapraq

Gagauz: japraq

Karaim: japrax

Karakalpak: žapɨraq

Salar: järfɨχ

Kumyk: japraq

Comments: VEWT 188, EDT 879-80, ЭСТЯ 4, 130-132, Лексика 111-112, Stachowski 100. Clauson derives *japur-gak from *japur- 'to smoothe, level', which is an obvious contamination - just as the contamination with *jalpɨ- 'flat' (v. sub *dĕ̀lp`à) in some languages.

Proto-Turkic: *jar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to shine 2 to dawn 3 light 4 candle

Russian meaning: 1 светить 2 рассветать 3 свет 4 свеча

Old Turkic: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (MK)

Turkish: jarɨk 3 (dial.)

Tatar: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jarɨ- (AH), jaru- (Abush.) 1, jaruq 3 (Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uzbek: jɔri- 1, jɔruɣ 3

Uighur: joru- 1, joruq 3

Turkmen: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Khakassian: čarɨ- 1, čarɨx 3

Shor: čar-, čarɨ- 1

Oyrat: jar-, d́arɨ- 1, d́arɨq 3

Chuvash: śor-da 4

Yakut: sarā- 2 (but also sɨrdā-)

Dolgan: hɨrdā- 2

Tuva: čɨrɨ- 1, čarɨq 3

Kirghiz: ǯar-, ǯarɨ- 1, ǯarɨq 3

Kazakh: žarɨq 3

Noghai: jarɨq 3

Bashkir: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Balkar: ǯarɨq 3

Karaim: jarɨ- 1, jarɨq, jarɨx 3

Karakalpak: žarɨq 3

Salar: jarux 3

Kumyk: jarɨq 3

Comments: EDT 956, 962, 963, ЭСТЯ 4, 134-135, VEWT 189 (there are hardly reasons to consider the Chuv. word a borrowing), Федотов 2, 145, Stachowski 119. Turk. (Bulg.?) > Hung. gyertya 'candle', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *jạr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 order 2 announcement, call 3 judge 4 law, justice

Russian meaning: 1 приказ 2 объявление, клич 3 судья 4 закон, правосудие

Old Turkic: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (OUygh.), jarɣan 3

Karakhanid: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (MK)

Turkish: jar, ǯar 2 (dial.)

Tatar: jar 2, jarlɨq 1

Middle Turkic: jar 2 (Abush.), jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jarɣu 4, dial. ǯar 2

Uighur: ǯar 2

Azerbaidzhan: ǯar 2 (dial.)

Turkmen: jarlɨq 1, dial. ǯar 2

Oyrat: d́ar 2

Chuvash: śɨrlъx 1

Tuva: čar 2

Kirghiz: ǯar 2

Kazakh: žar 2

Karakalpak: žar 2

Comments: VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ЭСТЯ 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlɨɣ is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. ǯar 'announcement', ǯarqu, ǯarɣu 'judgement, court', ǯarliq 'order', ǯarɣuči 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Щербак 1997, 123).

Proto-Turkic: *jạŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to write

Russian meaning: писать

Karakhanid: jaz- (MK Oghuz.)

Turkish: jaz-

Tatar: jaz-

Middle Turkic: jaz- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔz-

Uighur: jaz-

Azerbaidzhan: jaz-

Turkmen: jaz-

Halaj: jaz-

Chuvash: śɨr-

Kirghiz: ǯaz-

Kazakh: žaz-

Noghai: jaz-

Bashkir: jaδ-

Balkar: ǯaz-, zaz-

Gagauz: jaz-

Karaim: jaz-

Karakalpak: žaz-

Kumyk: jaz-

Comments: VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. ír- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228).