Комментарии:VEWT 103, EDT 415. (< Iran., see TMN 3, 85-86?). Despite EDT, hardly derived from ček- 'to pull'. The controversy concerning the Iranian origin of the Turkic word vs. the Turkic origin of the Modern Persian one (see Doerfer, Clauson), should be probably resolved as follows: Old Persian ( = Av. cakuš- 'axe / hammer for throwing') > Pers. čakuš 'hammer'; but Pers. čekoč, čekoǯ are phonetically aberrant (see Horn 99) and should be regarded as Turkisms; Pers. čekuš is a mixed form. The source of Pers. čekoč is Turk. čeküč - a diminutive in -č for the form čekük. Turkic forms in -š (Khal. čäkkuš, Kirgh. čöküš, KKalp. šökkiš, possibly also Nogh. šökiš, Bashk. sükeš) may be iranisms. Turk. > Mong. čeküč (see Щербак 1997, 112).
Комментарии:VEWT 103, EDT 416-417, Лексика 187, Stachowski 94. Forms like Tat. dial. sikertke are a result of contamination with *sēk- 'jump' (v. sub *sā́ki).
Комментарии:VEWT 103, EDT 418-419, Лексика 392. Ogh. čel-tik > Pers. čaltuk, šaltūk (despite VEWT 104). Turk. čelpek > Pers. čalpak (TMN 3, 1111). The meaning 'eye pus, mucus' in *čel-pek developed under the influence of the similar *čapak (see under *čap- 'plaster'), but the two roots should be clearly distinguished (despite EDT 418).
Комментарии:Лексика 220. Despite Буд. 1, 483-484, D-T 98 the Pers. čānah 'lower jaw' cannot be the source of Turkic forms; it does not have any Iranian etymology and is itself most likely a Turkism.
Комментарии:VEWT 105, EDT 399, Щербак 1961, 120. Cf. also Chag. čiber 'mountain goat' (R). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. čapiš, čapuš itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. čapiš...lautlich unmöglich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Расторгуева ЗИФ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau̯, Osset. cäv 'goat' (see Аб. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *cá́pъ 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. čāp 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Трубачев 1960, 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954, 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort.
Комментарии:VEWT 105, EDT 427, 430, TMN 1077, Егоров 211-212, 326, Федотов 2,111-112, 420. As Doerfer notes, Turkic forms of the type čirkin 'dirty, nasty, ugly' (Chag., Tur., Gag., Tat., Uzb.) are rather borrowed from Persian čirkin (which itself is derived from čirk, borrowed < Turkic).
Чувашский:śart 'a dent for inserting bottom into banded vessels'
Киргизский:čert- 2, 4
Казахский:šert- 2, 4
Ногайский:šert- 2, 3, 4
Башкирский:sirt- 2, 3
Балкарский:čert- 'to mark'
Каракалпакский:šert- 2, 4
Кумыкский:čert- 1, 2, 4
Комментарии:VEWT 105, EDT 428, Федотов 2, 87-88. The semantic development here is 'to make notches, indents' > 'break the edge', 'pinch' (whence 'to click with fingers') - not onomatopoetic, as suggested by Clauson.
Балкарский:čaɣ-/čaq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun'
Гагаузский:čaq- 1
Караимский:čaq- 1
Каракалпакский:šaq- 1
Кумыкский:čaq- 'to pull the trigger', čaqma 2
Комментарии:VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. čakma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *čak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison.
Англ. значение:1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait
Среднетюркский:čalma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.)
Узбекский:čal-(mɔq) 4, čalma 1; band, facing
Уйгурский:čal-ma-š- 5
Азербайджанский:čalma 1
Туркменский:čalma 1, čal- 3, čalšɨq 'entangled (of a rope)'
Хакасский:salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней'
Ойратский:čalma 2, dial. (Leb.) čalɨ- 6
Тувинский:šalba 2
Тофаларский:šalɨšqaq 'criss-crossing'
Киргизский:čal- 4, čalɣɨč 7, čalma 2
Казахский:šal- 8
Ногайский:šalma 1, šaluw 7
Башкирский:salɨ- 8, salma 1
Балкарский:čalma 1, čal- 9, čalman 'wattle'
Гагаузский:čal- 8, čalma 1
Караимский:cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle'
Каракалпакский:šal- 8
Кумыкский:čal- 9, čalma 1
Комментарии:EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. čalma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *čal-ma). Note Chuv. čъʷlɣa- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. čulɣa- < PT *čog-la-, but in this case one would rather expect čulɣa- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *čial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *čal- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN).
Комментарии:VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) čalqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic čal-).
Якутский:sax 1, saɣa 'about (the time when, the size of)'
Долганский:haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagɨna 'while'
Тувинский:šaq 1, 2
Киргизский:čaq 1, 2
Казахский:šaq 1, 2
Ногайский:šaq 1, šaq-lɨ 'this much'
Башкирский:saq 1, 2
Балкарский:čaq 1, čaq-lɨ 'this much'
Гагаузский:čāq, čaq 'up to'
Караимский:čaɣ (K), caq (H) 1
Каракалпакский:šaq 1, 2
Кумыкский:čaq 1, 2
Комментарии:VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. čaɣ, Uygh. čaɣ or Tof. šaɣ 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above.
Караханидский:(čiǯ 1 MK - a miswriting instead *čiv?)
Турецкий:čivi 1
Татарский:čöj 'wedge, cotter'
Узбекский:čuv 1
Уйгурский:čüä 3 (R, by animals), čivä 'space between legs above the knees', čivilän 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
Азербайджанский:čiv 1
Туркменский:čüj 1
Ойратский:čiiš 'wedge'
Ногайский:šüj 1
Башкирский:söj 1
Балкарский:čüj 1
Гагаузский:čivi 1
Караимский:čüj, čüw, (K) čivij 1
Каракалпакский:šüj 1
Кумыкский:čüj 1
Комментарии:VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Лексика 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (КСТТ) čivi, cɨvɨ, Khak. sɨbɨ, Shor šübe, Oyr. čibi (Tuba čɨbɨ), Tuva šivi, Tof. šibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
Комментарии:VEWT 110. An onomatopaeic root, attested late - but possibly archaic because of the external evidence. The assumed semantic development in Chag. and Tat. is 'udder' > 'roasted udder' > 'fat roasted piece of meat'.
