Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *KApur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rib

Russian meaning: ребро

Old Turkic: qabar (Ettuhf.)

Turkish: kabur (dial.) 'a piece of tin or leather for fixing cracks'

Uzbek: qɛbɨz (dial.) 'armpit'

Turkmen: GapɨrGa

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 275-276. Щербак (1997, 207) regards the word as a Mong. loanword, which is hardly the case (although numerous forms like Chag. qaburɣa etc. may indeed have a Mong. origin, see TMN 1, 392).

Proto-Turkic: *Kar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length

Russian meaning: 1 рука (верхняя часть) 2 предплечье 3 голенная кость животного 4 различные меры длины

Old Turkic: qar 1, qarɨ 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɨ (MK) 1

Turkish: karu-ǯa 1

Tatar: qarɨ 1, qara 4 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qar 1 (Vam.), qarɨ 1 (Abush.), 2 (Houts.), 4 (in all sources)

Uzbek: qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.)

Uighur: qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: qar 2

Azerbaidzhan: gari 3 (dial.)

Turkmen: Garɨ 3,4

Shor: qarɨ 1

Oyrat: qarɨ 1

Halaj: qarɨ 4

Chuvash: xor 2, 4

Yakut: xarɨ, xara 2, 3

Tuva: qɨrɨ 2

Tofalar: qɨrɨ 2

Kirghiz: qar 1, qarɨ 1

Kazakh: qar 2, qarɨ 2, 3

Noghai: qarɨ 4

Bashkir: qar 3

Balkar: qarɨ 4

Karakalpak: qar 2, qarɨ 2, 4

Comments: TMN 3, 461-2, ЭСТЯ 5, 278-283, Дыбо 160-164, Дыбо 1989, Федотов 2, 361, Лексика 246-247. The usage of *Karɨ as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)arɨĺ. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369.

Proto-Turkic: *KAr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch

Russian meaning: 1 переливаться через край 2 канава

Old Turkic: qarɨm ~ qaram (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qar- (MK) 1, qarɨm (KB) 2

Turkish: kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karɨm 2

Middle Turkic: qar- (IM) 1

Uzbek: qārɨm (dial.) 2

Uighur: qerim 2

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨm 2

Turkmen: Garɨm 2

Shor: xaral

Oyrat: qarantɨ 'thawed spot'

Tuva: xarālča 'ice-hole'

Karakalpak: qarɨm 2

Comments: EDT 643, ЭСТЯ 5, 320.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane

Russian meaning: 1 копать 2 скрести, царапать 3 рубанок

Old Turkic: qaz- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qaz- (KB), qazɨ- (MK) 1

Turkish: kaz- 1,2, kazɨ- 2, kazaɣɨ 3

Tatar: qazɨ- 1

Middle Turkic: qaz- (AH, Houts., MA, IM, Pav. C.) 1, (Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: qaz- 1, qazi- 1

Uighur: qaz- 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gaz- 1,2, Gazɨ- 1,2

Turkmen: Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2

Khakassian: dial. xas- 1

Shor: qas- 1

Oyrat: qas- 1

Chuvash: xɨr- 2

Yakut: xas- 1,2

Dolgan: kas- 1

Tuva: qas- 1

Kirghiz: qaz- 1

Kazakh: qaz- 1

Noghai: qazɨ- 1

Bashkir: qaδɨ- 1

Gagauz: qaz- 1

Karakalpak: qaz- 1

Kumyk: qaz- 1

Comments: VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 185-186, Мудрак 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -ɨ- is not quite clear here.

Proto-Turkic: *Kar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 bandit

Russian meaning: 1 противоположный 2 встречаться 3 разбойник

Old Turkic: qaršɨ (OUygh.) 1; qaraqčɨ (OUygh.) 3

Karakhanid: qaršu (MK, KB), qaršɨ (KB) 1, qaraqčɨ (KB) 3, qaraqla- (MK) 'to rob'

Tatar: qaraq 3

Middle Turkic: qaraq (Pav. C., Abush.) 3

Uzbek: qɛrɛqči 3

Turkmen: Garšɨ- 2; Garaq 3

Chuvash: xirǝś- 2; xorax 3

Yakut: xar, xār 1 (Пек.); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarɨs- 'to fight (with each other)'

Dolgan: kar-da 'retaliation', karɨs- 'to fight'

Kirghiz: qaraqčɨ 3

Noghai: qaraq 3

Bashkir: qaraq 3

Karakalpak: qaraqšɨ 3

Kumyk: qaraq 3

Comments: VEWT 235, ЭСТЯ 5, 294-295, 326-327, Ашм. XVI, 219-220, Федотов 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xirǝś- may actually reflect a different root (see *gerüĺ-), or a contamination. Turk. qaršɨ > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980, 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kara

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: black

Russian meaning: черный

Old Turkic: qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qara (MK, KB)

Turkish: kara

Tatar: qara

Middle Turkic: qara (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔrɛ

Uighur: qara, dial. qare

Sary-Yughur: Gara

Azerbaidzhan: Gara

Turkmen: Gara

Khakassian: xara

Shor: qara

Oyrat: qara

Halaj: qara

Chuvash: xora

Yakut: xara

Dolgan: kara

Tuva: qara

Tofalar: qara

Kirghiz: qara

Kazakh: qara

Noghai: qara

Bashkir: qara

Balkar: qara

Gagauz: qara

Karaim: qara

Karakalpak: qara

Salar: Gara

Kumyk: qara

Comments: VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ЭСТЯ 5, 286-289, 299-100, Лексика 592-593, Stachowski 138, Федотов 2, 362.

Proto-Turkic: *KAr(a)gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: reed

Russian meaning: тростник

Karakhanid: qarɣu (AH)

Turkish: karɣɨ

Middle Turkic: qarɣu (AH), ɣarqu (Бор. Бад.), ɣaraw (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: ɣɔrɔw

Azerbaidzhan: Garɣɨ

Turkmen: GarGɨ

Halaj: Garɣo

Chuvash: xorɣux 'осот полевой, молочай' ( < *Korgaɣu with secondary -x; Ашм. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xъvъx)

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 306.

Proto-Turkic: *Karak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 eye-ball 2 eye 3 a gentle address ("my dear")

Russian meaning: 1 зрачок 2 глаз 3 ласковое обращение

Old Turkic: qaraq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaraq 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: köz karasɨ 1, Osm. (XV) qaraq 2

Middle Turkic: qaraq (Pav. C., Бор. Бад., Sangl.) 1, (Abush.) 2

Uzbek: qɔrɛčiq 1

Uighur: qar(i)čuq 1

Azerbaidzhan: göz Garasɨ 1

Turkmen: Garaq 1

Khakassian: xarax 2, dial. xaračɨ 1

Shor: qaraq 2

Oyrat: qaraq 1, 2

Chuvash: koś xori 1

Yakut: xarax 2

Dolgan: karak 2

Tuva: qaraq 2

Tofalar: qaraq 2

Kirghiz: qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2

Kazakh: qaraq 3, qarašɨq 1

Noghai: qarašɨq 1

Karakalpak: qaraq 3, qarašɨq 1

Comments: VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ЭСТЯ 5, 295-296, Ашм. VII, 36, Лексика 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. göz karasɨ result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ЭСТЯ 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarɨs 'care, wariness', Dolg. karɨstā- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed.

Proto-Turkic: *KArakan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: acacia

Russian meaning: акация

Karakhanid: qaraqan (MK)

Middle Turkic: qaraqan[a] (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɔrɔɣɔn

Turkmen: GaraGan 'солянка древовидная'

Khakassian: xaraɣan

Shor: qaraɣan

Oyrat: qaraɣan

Halaj: qaraqan

Tuva: xaraɣan, Todzh. qaraɣan

Kirghiz: qaraɣan

Kazakh: qaraɣan

Bashkir: dial. qaraɣan

Comments: EDT 657, ЭСТЯ 5, 293-294, TMN 1, 275. Turk. > Mong. qaraɣana, whence again into Turk. (Khak. xarɣana etc., see ЭСТЯ ibid.).

Proto-Turkic: *KAramuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cockle

Russian meaning: куколь

Karakhanid: qaramuq (MK)

Turkish: dial. karamuk

Tatar: qaramɨq (Sib.)

Middle Turkic: qaramuq (Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qɔrɛmuɣ

Uighur: qarimuq

Kirghiz: qaramɨq

Kazakh: qaramɨq

Karakalpak: qaramɨq

Kumyk: qaramčɨq

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 296-297.

Proto-Turkic: *KArga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: crow

Russian meaning: ворона

Old Turkic: qarɣa (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɣa (MK, KB)

Turkish: karɣa

Tatar: qarɣa

Middle Turkic: qarɣa (Houts., AH, IM, Qutb., Pav. C.), qarqa (MA)

Uzbek: qɛrɣɛ

Uighur: qa(r)ɣa

Azerbaidzhan: Garɣa

Turkmen: GarGa

Khakassian: xarɣa

Shor: qarɣa

Oyrat: qarɣa

Tuva: qārɣan

Tofalar: qarɣan

Kirghiz: qarɣa

Kazakh: qarɣa

Noghai: qarɣa

Bashkir: qarɣa

Balkar: qarɣa

Karakalpak: qarɣa, ɣarɣa

Kumyk: qarɣa

Comments: VEWT 237, TMN 3, 384, ЭСТЯ 5, 303-304, Лексика 171. Turk. > Mong. qarɣa (Щербак 1997, 134).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạrga-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to swear, curse

Russian meaning: ругать, проклинать

Old Turkic: qarɣan- (recipr.) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɣa-, qɨrɣa- (MK, KB)

Tatar: qarɣa-

Middle Turkic: qarɣa- (Qutb, Abush.)

Uzbek: qɛrɣɛ-

Uighur: qa(r)ɣa-

Turkmen: GarGa-

Khakassian: xarɣa-

Oyrat: qarɣa-

Chuvash: xъrrъn (Adv.) 'angrily'

Yakut: kɨrā-

Dolgan: kɨrā-

Tuva: qarɣa-

Tofalar: qarɣa-

Kirghiz: qarɣa-

Kazakh: qarɣa-

Noghai: qarɣa-

Bashkir: qarɣa-

Karakalpak: qarɣa-

Kumyk: qarɣa-

Comments: EDT 655, VEWT 237, ЭСТЯ 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕgan-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for success

Russian meaning: приобретать, хранить, выигрывать

Old Turkic: qazɣan- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qazɣan- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kazan-

Tatar: qazan-

Middle Turkic: qazan- (Sangl., Houts., Ettuhf., IM, Pav. C., MA), Kypch. qazan- (CCum.)

Uighur: qazan-

Azerbaidzhan: Gazan-

Turkmen: Gazan-

Chuvash: xъrɣъn 'скупец, скряга, скаред'

Yakut: xahān-

Noghai: qazan-

Bashkir: qazan-

Gagauz: qazan-

Kumyk: qazan-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 188-189.

Proto-Turkic: *K[a]ŕguk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pole, peg

Russian meaning: палка, колышек

Old Turkic: qazɣuq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qazŋuq (MK)

Turkish: kazɨk

Tatar: qazɨq

Middle Turkic: qazuq (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɔziq

Uighur: qozuq

Sary-Yughur: quzuq

Azerbaidzhan: gazɨx (dial.)

Turkmen: GazɨG

Oyrat: qazɨq

Chuvash: *karuH > Hung. karó (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).

Kazakh: qazɨq

Noghai: qazɨq

Bashkir: qaδa- 'to stick into', qaδaq, qaδɨq 'nail'

Balkar: qazɨq

Gagauz: qazɨq

Karaim: qazɨq

Karakalpak: qazɨq

Kumyk: qazɨq

Comments: EDT 682 (derivation from *Kaŕ- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Kāta- (v. sub *kā́jta).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạrɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old

Russian meaning: 1 старый 2 старуха, старик 3 стареть

Old Turkic: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɨ (MK, KB) 1, qarɨ- (MK, KB) 3

Turkish: karɨ, kart 1

Tatar: qarɨ, qart 1

Middle Turkic: qarɨ (MA, Abush.) 1, qarɨ- (MA, Abush.) 3

Uzbek: qari 1, qari- 3

Uighur: qeri 1,2, qeri- 3

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨ, Gart 2,1

Turkmen: Garrɨ 1, Garra- 3

Khakassian: kirǝ 1, kirǝ- 3

Shor: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3

Oyrat: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3

Yakut: kɨrɨj- 3

Dolgan: kɨrɨj- 3

Tuva: qɨrɨ- 3

Tofalar: qɨrɨ- 3

Kirghiz: qarɨ, qart 1, qarɨ- 3, qart 3

Kazakh: qarɨ ~ qɛri, qart 1

Noghai: qart 1

Bashkir: qarɨ, qart 1

Gagauz: qarɨ 1,2 (also 'woman')

Karakalpak: qarɨ, ɣarrɨ 1

Kumyk: qart 1

Comments: EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ЭСТЯ 5, 311-312, 314-316, Лексика 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170.

Proto-Turkic: *KArɨĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wolf

Russian meaning: волк

Turkish: kaškɨr, dial. kašɣɨr 'a bear'

Uzbek: dial. qɛšqir, dial. qɛršiqul

Chuvash: kaškъr < Qypch.

Kirghiz: qarɨšqɨr

Kazakh: qasqɨr

Noghai: qarɨsqɨr, qasqɨr

Karaim: qašqɨr

Karakalpak: qasqɨr

Comments: Лексика 160., ЭСТЯ 5, 352.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕɨlgan / *Karlɨgan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: currant

Russian meaning: смородина

Tatar: qarlɨɣan

Shor: qazɨrɣan, qazɨr qat (Верб.)

Oyrat: qazɨlɣan

Chuvash: xorlъɣan

Tuva: qazɨlɣan

Tofalar: qazɨlɣan

Noghai: qarlɨɣan

Bashkir: qarlɨɣan (dial.)

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 309-310, Федотов 2, 367.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạrɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: belly

Russian meaning: живот

Old Turkic: qarɨn (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɨn (MK, KB)

Turkish: karɨn

Tatar: qarɨn

Middle Turkic: qarɨn (Sangl., Houts., AH, MA, IM)

Uzbek: qɔrin

Uighur: qerin

Sary-Yughur: qarɨn

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨn

Turkmen: Garɨn

Khakassian: xarɨn

Shor: qarnɨ

Oyrat: qarɨn

Halaj: qārɨn

Chuvash: xɨrъm

Yakut: xarɨn 'rumen; belly'

Tuva: xɨrɨn

Tofalar: xɨrɨn

Kirghiz: qarɨn

Kazakh: qarɨn

Noghai: qarɨn

Bashkir: qarɨn

Balkar: qarɨn

Gagauz: qarɨn

Karaim: qarɨn

Karakalpak: qarɨn

Salar: qarɨn-taš 'a relative' (ССЯ)

Kumyk: qarɨn

Comments: VEWT 238, EDT 661, ЭСТЯ 5, 321-322, Лексика 277.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕ, *Kaŕ-dɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bark 2 scales 3 dandruff 4 to peel bark 5 to husk nuts

Russian meaning: 1 кора 2 чешуя 3 перхоть 4 сдирать кору 5 лущить орехи

Old Turkic: qadɨz 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaz, qaδɨz 1 (MK)

Tatar: qajrɨ 1, dial. qajɨz 1; qajɨzla- 4

Uzbek: qazɣɔq 3

Sary-Yughur: qazdɨq 1

Khakassian: xastɨrɨx 1

Chuvash: xujъr 1

Yakut: qatɨrɨk 1; xastā- 'to skin'

Dolgan: kastā- 'to skin'

Tuva: qazɨrɨq 2, qazɨ- 4

Tofalar: qa's- 5

Kazakh: qajɨzɣaq 3

Noghai: qajɨzɣaq 3

Bashkir: qajrɨ, dial. qajɨδ 1

Karakalpak: qajɨzɣaq 3

Comments: VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ЭСТЯ 5, 211-212, 328, Федотов 2, 352, Лексика 107. The original form here is *Kaŕ; a suffixed form was *Kaŕdɨ(ŕ), later simplified to *Kadɨŕ. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kaŕ-ɨŕ > *Kadɨŕ = *Kaδɨŕ, or already after the zetacism, *Kazɨz > *Kaδɨz). There is some confusion between *Kaŕ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz.

Proto-Turkic: *Karmak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 fishing rod 2 hook

Russian meaning: 1 удочка 2 крюк

Karakhanid: qarmaq (KB) 1,2

Turkish: karmuk 2, dial. garmaɣ 1

Tatar: qarmaq 1,2

Middle Turkic: qarmaq (IM, MA) 1, 2

Uzbek: qɛrmɔq 2

Uighur: qa(r)maq 1,2

Azerbaidzhan: GarmaG 1,2

Turkmen: Garmaq 1,2

Khakassian: xarmax 1,2

Shor: qarbaq 1,2

Oyrat: qarmaq 1,2

Tuva: dial. qarmaq 1,2

Kirghiz: qarmaq 1,2

Kazakh: qarmaq 1,2

Noghai: qarmaq 1,2

Bashkir: qarmaq 1,2

Karakalpak: qarmaq 1,2

Comments: VEWT 238, ЭСТЯ 5, 309-310 (usually considered to be derived from *Karba-, but this is phonetically dubious).