Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kām-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to throw, strike down 2 to move, walk

Russian meaning: 1 кидать 2 двигаться, ходить

Old Turkic: qam- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qam- 'to lower' (MK)

Middle Turkic: qam- 'to lower' (MN)

Chuvash: xъʷm- 'махать, замахиваться'

Yakut: xāmp- 2

Dolgan: kām- 2

Comments: VEWT 228, EDT 625; Stachowski 142. The connection of OT qam- and Yak. qāmp- is rather problematic, but possible (we are not aware of other etymologies). For the Yak. word cf. perhaps Bur. xambɨ 'packtrain, caravan'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kān-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be satisfied

Russian meaning: быть удовлетворенным

Old Turkic: qan- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qan- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: kan-

Tatar: qan-

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) qan- (AH)

Uzbek: qɔn-

Uighur: qan-

Azerbaidzhan: Gan-

Turkmen: Gān-

Khakassian: xan-

Shor: qan-

Oyrat: qan-

Yakut: xan-

Dolgan: kan-

Tuva: xan-

Kirghiz: qan-

Kazakh: qan-

Noghai: qan-

Bashkir: qan-

Balkar: qan-

Karakalpak: qan-

Kumyk: qan-

Comments: EDT 632, VEWT 230, ЭСТЯ 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to swell, form blisters 2 thick, swollen 3 hill, mound

Russian meaning: 1 распухать, нарывать 2 толстый, распухший 3 холм, возвышение

Karakhanid: qapar- 1, qapa (MK) 3

Turkish: kabar- 1, kaba 2

Tatar: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) qabar- (AH) 1, qaba (Houts., AH) 2

Uighur: qapa(r)- 1, dial. qova 2

Azerbaidzhan: Gabar- 1, Gaba 2

Turkmen: Gābar- 1, Gāba 2

Chuvash: xъʷba-lan- 1

Yakut: xaba-lan- 1

Tuva: xavar-, xapɨj- 1

Kirghiz: qabar- 1, qabaq 3

Kazakh: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Noghai: qabar- 1

Bashkir: qabar- 1, qabaq 3

Karakalpak: qabar- 1, qapa 2

Kumyk: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Comments: VEWT 215, 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 158, 165-166.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sack 2 to surround

Russian meaning: 1 мешок 2 окружать

Karakhanid: qap 1 (MK)

Turkish: kap 1

Tatar: qap 1

Middle Turkic: qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔp 1

Uighur: qap 1, dial. qaba- 2

Sary-Yughur: qap 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gab

Turkmen: Gāp 1, Gāba- 2

Khakassian: xap 1

Shor: qap 1

Oyrat: qap 1

Yakut: xappar 1 (?)

Tuva: xap 1

Tofalar: qap/b- 1

Kirghiz: qap 1

Kazakh: qap 1

Noghai: qap 1

Bashkir: qap 1

Balkar: qap 1

Gagauz: qap 1

Karaim: qap 1

Karakalpak: qap 1

Kumyk: qap 1

Comments: VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ЭСТЯ 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Kāpuk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirth

Russian meaning: 1 оболочка плода 2 девственная плева 3 мошонка 4 пузырь 5 послед

Karakhanid: qap (MK) 1, qapaq (MK) 2

Tatar: qapčɨq 3, 4

Shor: qabɨčaq 1

Oyrat: qapčɨq 3

Chuvash: köpček 5

Tuva: xapčɨq 3

Comments: EDT 578, 583; ЭСТЯ 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Kāp 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[ā]p`á).

Proto-Turkic: *Kāpuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bark (n.) 2 shell

Russian meaning: 1 кора 2 скорлупа

Karakhanid: qabɨq (Tefs.) 1, 2

Turkish: kabuk 1, 2

Tatar: qabɨq 1, 2

Middle Turkic: qapuq 1 (MA, AH)

Uzbek: qɔbiq 1, 2

Uighur: qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: GabɨG 1, 2

Turkmen: GābɨG 1, 2

Khakassian: xabɨx (Kach.) 1, 2

Shor: qabɨq 2

Oyrat: qabɨq 1, 2

Chuvash: xobъ 1, 2

Tuva: xavɨq 2

Kirghiz: qabɨq 1, 2

Kazakh: qabɨq 1, 2

Noghai: qabɨq 1, 2

Bashkir: qabɨq 1, 2

Balkar: qabuq 1, 2

Gagauz: qap, qabɨ 1, 2 'external cover, covering'

Karaim: qabux 1, 2

Karakalpak: qabɨq 1, 2

Kumyk: qabuq 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ЭСТЯ 5, 168, Лексика 107, Федотов 2, 358.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: goose

Russian meaning: гусь

Old Turkic: qaz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaz (MK, KB)

Turkish: kaz

Tatar: qaz

Middle Turkic: qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)

Uighur: ɣaz

Azerbaidzhan: Gaz

Turkmen: Gāz

Khakassian: xas

Shor: qas

Oyrat: qas

Chuvash: xor

Yakut: xās

Dolgan: kās

Tuva: qas

Kirghiz: qaz

Kazakh: qaz

Noghai: qaz

Bashkir: qaδ

Gagauz: qāz

Karakalpak: ɣaz

Kumyk: qaz

Comments: EDT 679, VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 184, Лексика 171, Федотов 2, 361, Stachowski 143.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạ̄rt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: falcon, hawk

Russian meaning: сокол, ястреб

Turkish: kartal

Middle Turkic: qartal (Houts., AH, Sangl.)

Turkmen: dial. Gartal

Khakassian: xartɨɣa

Shor: qartaɣa

Yakut: kɨ̄rt, kɨ̄rdaj

Dolgan: kɨ̄rt

Tuva: xartɨɣa

Kirghiz: qartɨɣa

Kumyk: qartaq

Comments: VEWT 239, ЭСТЯ 5, 316-318, Лексика 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartɨgaj > MMong. qarčigaj (SH qarčiqai), WMong. qarčiɣai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarčɨɣaj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Щербак 1997, 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarčin 'kite' and MKor. karčikǝi 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958, 119, 1964, 191).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạ̄sɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: groin

Russian meaning: пах

Old Turkic: qasɨɣ (OUygh.)

Turkish: kasɨk

Tatar: qasɨq

Middle Turkic: qasɨq (IM, R - Vam.)

Azerbaidzhan: GasɨG

Turkmen: Gāsɨq

Chuvash: xɨza

Bashkir: qaɵɨq (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 239, EDT 666, ЭСТЯ 5, 331-332, Мудрак Дисс. 179.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to stick into 2 nail

Russian meaning: 1 вонзать(ся) 2 гвоздь

Turkish: kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.)

Tatar: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Middle Turkic: qada- (Abush., Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qada- 1, qadɔq 2

Uighur: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Sary-Yughur: qataɣ 2

Azerbaidzhan: GadaG 2

Turkmen: Gadaq 2

Oyrat: qada- 1

Chuvash: xudav 2 (Anatri)

Yakut: xatā- 1

Dolgan: katā- 1

Tuva: qada- 1, qadaɣ 2

Kirghiz: qada- 1, qadō 2

Kazakh: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Noghai: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Karakalpak: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Kumyk: qada- 1

Comments: VEWT 217-8, ЭСТЯ 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Ашм. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadaɣa is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.).

Proto-Turkic: *KEbel

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a well-bred fast horse

Russian meaning: благородная быстрая лошадь

Karakhanid: kevel, kevil (MK, KB)

Comments: EDT 689.

Proto-Turkic: *Kẹbi-ĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a gift of food to someone who comes to stack the crop after the fields are clear 2 harvest tax in favour of the poor or the clergy 3 debt

Russian meaning: 1 пищевой подарок тому, кто приходит складывать хлеб в скирды после того, как поля убраны 2 отчисление с урожая в пользу бедных или духовенства 3 долг

Karakhanid: kevšeŋ (MK; spelled kfsŋ) 1

Uzbek: kapsan 2

Uighur: käpsän 2

Chuvash: kivźen 3

Kirghiz: kepsen, kesmen 1

Kazakh: kewsen 1

Comments: Мудрак Дисс.. 89, EDT 585, 691, Федотов 1, 290-291. Turk. > Pers. kafsan 'harvest tax for the clergy and administration'; most modern forms may in fact have been borrowed back < Pers., but the Chuv. form can hardly be separated from the one attested in MK. The theory of its being borrowed from Mong. kölüsün (see Róna-Tas 1988) can be hardly justified. However, Hung. kölczön, indeed, has most probably a Mong. source and is not related to the words above.

Proto-Turkic: *[k]Ebŕe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shoulderblade

Russian meaning: лопатка

Turkish: kebze 'shoulderblade, augury'

Tatar: kɛwsɛ 'tree stem'

Middle Turkic: kebze 'shoulder' (Sangl.)

Azerbaidzhan: gäbzä 'handle'

Turkmen: kebze

Kazakh: kebze, köwzö (R)

Bashkir: kɛwδɛ 'body'

Gagauz: kebze

Karakalpak: kebze 'breast'

Comments: VEWT 245, EDT 905, Лексика 242-243. The quality of the initial velar is not quite clear: the Az. form perhaps preserves an archaism, while other Oghuz forms may be kypchakisms; otherwise its Altaic connections become more dubious. KKalp. kepše 'shoulderblade' quoted in VEWT means in reality 'a small shovel' (Russ. лопатка), from Pers. kapča = Osm. kepče 'ein grosser Löffel' (VEWT 254).

Proto-Turkic: *Kebrüč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ash tree

Russian meaning: ясень

Karakhanid: kevrik 'hornbeam' (Vitex agnus castus) (MK)

Turkish: kürüč, küvrüč (dial.)

Tatar: qorɨč-aɣač

Azerbaidzhan: göjrüš

Chuvash: kavъrъś, kavrъś > Hung. kō̈ris

Noghai: küjriš

Bashkir: qoros-aɣas

Balkar: kürüč, Balk. küjrüč

Kumyk: güjrüč

Comments: EDT 690, VEWT 245, ЭСТЯ 5, 152, Лексика 136, Bläsing 2002. Volga-Turkic languages have a secondary vowel assimilation due to the compound with aɣač. Cf. also Osset. kärz(ä) < Turk., see Abayev 1, 587-588; on Hung. kőris < Turk. see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *kebü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 straw 2 brushwood 3 rot, dandruff 4 to hull

Russian meaning: 1 солома 2 хворост 3 гниль, перхоть 4 шелушить

Old Turkic: kevük, kövük 1

Karakhanid: küviǯ 'rotten heartwood' (MK)

Turkish: kevik 1 (dial.) 1

Tatar: küzɛ- (dial.) 4

Middle Turkic: kevük (AH) 1

Uzbek: kȫzɛ- (dial.) 4

Turkmen: kövze- 4

Chuvash: kъʷvajt 2

Bashkir: kewek 3, kü(j)δɛ- 4

Comments: EDT 688 (but not < Sogd.), 689. Cf. also *köbŕe- (*kebŕe-?) 'to hull, pound in a mortar' (ЭСТЯ 5, 81, 82).

Proto-Turkic: *KĒčir

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 trachea 2 cartilage

Russian meaning: 1 трахея 2 хрящ

Tatar: käčerkä 'a small hair on the back of a baby' (?)

Khakassian: kiǯǝr 2

Shor: kečirtke 2

Oyrat: ked'ir 1

Tofalar: keǯir 2, keǯir bōs 1

Kirghiz: kečir 'cartilage of the shoulderblade bone'

Comments: VEWT 246. Length is indicated by voicing in Tof. and lack of pharyngealization.

Proto-Turkic: *KEdir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to skin (a sheep) 2 to scrape on a washboard (while washing)

Russian meaning: 1 обдирать (овцу) 2 шаркать при стирке белья о бельевую доску

Karakhanid: keδir- 1, keδr-il- (pass.), keδr-iš- (coop.), keδr-im 'skinned meat' (MK)

Tuva: kidire- 2

Comments: EDT 705. Yak. kederēn 'scraper' is rather < Mong., see Лексика 380.

Proto-Turkic: *kegej

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spoke

Russian meaning: спица колеса

Tatar: kigi

Middle Turkic: kegäj (Vam.)

Uzbek: kegäj

Uighur: gügä

Turkmen: kegej, keje, kije (dial.)

Kirghiz: kegej (dial.)

Kazakh: kegej

Noghai: kegej

Balkar: kegej

Karakalpak: kegej

Kumyk: gegej

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 17.

Proto-Turkic: *Kej-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go away

Russian meaning: уходить

Chuvash: kaj-

Comments: Attested only in Chuvash; PT antiquity is dubious.

Proto-Turkic: *Kek- / *Kak-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck

Russian meaning: 1 кривой 2 палка с крюком 3 щеколда 4 гнуться 5 выгибать шею

Turkish: keke, dial. gege 2

Tatar: kɛkre, kɛjre 1, 2, kɛkrɛj- 4, (Sib.) kɛgɛ 3

Uzbek: kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5

Oyrat: kekej- 5

Chuvash: kagъr 2, 3, kagъr-t- 5

Yakut: keɣij-, kekej- 5

Kirghiz: qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5

Kazakh: qaqaj-, kekirej- 5

Bashkir: käkere 1, käkeräj- 4, käkä-ŋ-lä- 'извиваться о змее', qaqaj- 5

Karakalpak: qaqaj-, kejkej- 5

Comments: VEWT 248.