Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *toku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rite, ceremony

Russian meaning: обряд (погребальный, свадебный)

Old Turkic: toqu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toqu (KB)

Turkish: toka 'wedding present' (dial.), 'handshake'

Middle Turkic: toqa (Sangl.), toqal 'the least respected wife' (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tọqɔl 'second wife'

Uighur: toqal 'younger wife'

Chuvash: tъxlačъ 'matchmaker'

Kirghiz: toqol 'younger wife'

Balkar: toqal 'first wife in respect to others'

Karakalpak: toqal 'younger wife'

Comments: EDT 466, Егоров 241 (derives from F.-U. or from tъxъm 'progeny' - both quite dubious morphologically), VEWT 485. The semantic development is 'rite, ceremony' > 'wedding' > 'matchmaker' / 'younger wife'.

Proto-Turkic: *toku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: buckle

Russian meaning: пуговица, пряжка

Karakhanid: toqu (MK)

Turkish: toka

Middle Turkic: toqqa (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tọqa

Azerbaidzhan: toGGa

Turkmen: toqa

Oyrat: toɣo (dial. Leb.)

Chuvash: tъʷɣa

Kazakh: toɣa

Gagauz: toqa

Karakalpak: doɣa, toɣa

Kumyk: toɣa

Comments: VEWT 485, EDT 466-467, TMN 2, 525.

Proto-Turkic: *Tokum

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wheel hoop

Russian meaning: обод колеса

Tatar: tuɣɨm (dial. d-)

Uzbek: tọɣin

Chuvash: togъn

Kazakh: toɣɨn 1

Noghai: toɣɨn 1

Bashkir: tuɣɨn, dial. duɣɨn

Balkar: toχun 1

Karakalpak: toɣɨn 1

Comments: VEWT 483, 485, ЭСТЯ 8, Егоров 2256, Федотов 2, 242.

Proto-Turkic: *Tol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to push, collide

Russian meaning: сталкиваться, пихать

Old Turkic: tul- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK)

Uighur: (dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (УЯ)

Yakut: toluɣurā- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space'

Bashkir: tula- 'to kick'

Karakalpak: tolarsaq 2

Salar: tōla- 'разгребать ногами'

Comments: EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ЭСТЯ 8: OT (MK) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunńaŋ (< *tolu-n-čaŋ-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhɨq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').

Proto-Turkic: *tolku-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to beat (of waves) 2 wave(s)

Russian meaning: 1 бить (о волнах) 2 волна, волны

Middle Turkic: tolqun- 1

Turkmen: tolqɨn 2

Kazakh: tolqu- 1

Balkar: tolqan 2

Comments: VEWT 487. The root is attested late (unless a somewhat uncertain OT (MK) tolɣaɣ 'snowstorm' (see EDT 496) belongs here), but is difficult to explain as a loan from Mong. dolgijan 'wave' - with which it probably has nothing in common.

Proto-Turkic: *tom-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell

Russian meaning: 1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться

Turkish: tomak 2

Uzbek: tọmtɔq 'stump, blunt'

Azerbaidzhan: tombul 4, dombalaG 3

Turkmen: tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5

Khakassian: tomɨr, tombɨr 'blunt'

Chuvash: tъʷmat 'stubby'

Yakut: tomtorɣo 'ring-formed ornament'

Kirghiz: tompoq 1

Kazakh: tompaq 1

Noghai: tompaq 1

Bashkir: tomraj- (dial.) 5

Balkar: tomalaq 1

Gagauz: tombarlaq 1

Karaim: tomalaq 1

Karakalpak: dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5

Salar: tombɨx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ)

Kumyk: tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt'

Comments: VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).

Proto-Turkic: *Tomar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off

Russian meaning: 1 кусок дерева, чурбан, бревно 2 рубить, обрубать 3 отламывать, откалывать

Karakhanid: tomrum 1 (MK), tomur- 2

Turkish: tomruk 1

Tatar: tumar, tumran 1

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tumar (AH) 1

Oyrat: tomur- 2

Tuva: domur- 3

Kirghiz: tomur- 3

Kazakh: tomar 1

Bashkir: tumɨr- 2

Balkar: tomuraw 1, tomur- 2

Karaim: tomruq 1

Karakalpak: tomar 1

Comments: VEWT 499, EDT 509. The root should be distinguished from *dom- / *tom- 'round' (v. sub *t`ŏ̀mù). Turk. > Mong. (KW 400) tomuraɣu, Kalm. tomrūn 'rough, loutish'.

Proto-Turkic: *Toŋa (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tiger

Russian meaning: тигр

Old Turkic: toŋa (Orkh.) 'a military title', (OUygh.) 'hero'

Karakhanid: toŋa (MK)

Comments: EDT 515 (with some doubts about the original meaning of the word).

Proto-Turkic: *To(ŋ)gurak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 poplar 2 willow

Russian meaning: 1 тополь 2 ива

Old Turkic: toɣraq (OUygh. - YB) 1

Karakhanid: toɣraq (MK) 1

Turkish: doranɨ 2 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: turaq (Pav. C.) 1, turunqu 2 (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: turaŋɣi 1

Uighur: toɣraq 1

Sary-Yughur: torɣaq 1

Azerbaidzhan: daraŋɣɨ 1 (dial.)

Turkmen: toGaraq 1, toraŋŋɨ 2

Kirghiz: tōraq 1

Kazakh: toraŋɣɨ 2

Comments: VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz 'poplar'.

Proto-Turkic: *top

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: all, completely; complex, collection

Russian meaning: весь, целиком; совокупность

Old Turkic: top (OUygh.), top-la- 'to collect' (Orkh., OUygh. - YB)

Turkish: top

Tatar: tuplɨq 'place where cattle is lying', tupla- 'to collect'

Middle Turkic: top (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tọp

Uighur: top

Azerbaidzhan: top

Turkmen: top

Yakut: tobō- 'to gather'

Kirghiz: top

Kazakh: top

Noghai: top

Bashkir: tup

Gagauz: top

Karaim: top

Karakalpak: top

Kumyk: topla- 'to collect'

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 493. Clauson considers the form top (rare in OUygh.) to be contracted < tolp < tolup < tol- 'to be full', which is quite dubious phonetically.

Proto-Turkic: *Top-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить сквозь

Old Turkic: topul- 'to pierce' (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topul- 'to pierce' (MK, KB)

Khakassian: tobɨr-

Yakut: tobul- 'прорубить, пробить'

Dolgan: tobul-

Karakalpak: topɨl- 'нападать, набрасываться, вторгаться'

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 440, Stachowski 224.

Proto-Turkic: *top

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round thing

Russian meaning: шар, мяч

Karakhanid: top (MK, IM), topɨq (MK, KB)

Turkish: top

Tatar: tup

Middle Turkic: top, tofuq (Sangl.); (MKypch.) topurčaq 'round' (CCum.)

Uzbek: tọp

Uighur: top, dop

Azerbaidzhan: top

Turkmen: top

Halaj: tuop

Chuvash: tubъ

Kirghiz: top

Kazakh: top, dop

Noghai: top

Bashkir: tup

Balkar: top

Gagauz: top

Karaim: top

Karakalpak: top

Kumyk: top

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 434, 437, TMN 2, 596-597, Егоров 258, Ашм. XIV, 143-144, Федотов 2, 249. One should also note OT tevir- 'to twist, turn' - probably a contamination of *top and *ebür- (OT evir-) id. (see EDT 443). Words meaning 'cone' reflect a partial contamination with PT *Tobur- 'cone' (v. sub *t`obú).

Proto-Turkic: *Topal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round vessel made of bark

Russian meaning: кузовок, лукошко (корзинка, плетеная из коры)

Tatar: tubal

Bashkir: tubal

Comments: VEWT 489.

Proto-Turkic: *topɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 knee cap 2 knee 3 ankle-bone

Russian meaning: 1 коленная чашечка 2 колено 3 лодыжка

Old Turkic: topɨq 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topɨq 3 (MK), 1 (KB, IM)

Turkish: topuk 3

Tatar: tubɨq 1

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) topuq (Houts., AH) 3

Uzbek: tọpiq 3

Uighur: topuq 3

Sary-Yughur: tōq 1

Azerbaidzhan: topuG 3

Turkmen: topuq 3

Khakassian: tomɨx 1, 3

Oyrat: topuq, tomuq 1, 3

Yakut: tobuk 2

Dolgan: tobuk 2

Tuva: dowuq 1

Tofalar: to'puq 1

Kirghiz: topuq, tomuq 1, 3

Kazakh: tobɨq 1, 3

Noghai: tobɨq 1, 3

Bashkir: tubɨq 1

Balkar: tobuq 2

Gagauz: topuq 3

Karaim: tobuq 3

Karakalpak: tobɨq 3

Kumyk: tobuq 2

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 437-8, Лексика 286, Stachowski 224. Both Räsänen and Clauson derive this word from PT *top 'pellet, round thing', but this is not likely because of external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *topon

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 straw 2 chaff, bran

Russian meaning: 1 солома 2 мякина, полова

Karakhanid: topun 'wheat chaff' (MK; EDT glosses 'a lump of food', probably incorrectly)

Tatar: tuban 2 (Тумашева 216)

Uzbek: tọpɔn 2

Uighur: topan 2

Turkmen: (dial.) tovān, tofān 1

Shor: toban 'хлебная пыль, труха'

Kirghiz: tɨpɨn 2

Kazakh: topan 2

Karaim: toban 1

Karakalpak: topan 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 8; despite Tekin 1969, 65 should be kept distinct from *topraq 'dust'.

Proto-Turkic: *topra-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: earth, soil

Russian meaning: земля, почва

Old Turkic: topraq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topraq (MK, KB)

Turkish: toprak

Tatar: tufraq

Middle Turkic: topraɣ/q, tofraɣ/q (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tuprɔq

Uighur: tofraq, topraq

Sary-Yughur: durvaq

Azerbaidzhan: torpaG

Turkmen: topraq

Khakassian: tobɨrax

Shor: tobraq

Oyrat: tobraq

Halaj: turpaq

Chuvash: tъʷpra

Yakut: toburax

Tuva: dovuraq

Tofalar: to'praq

Kirghiz: topuraq

Kazakh: topɨraq

Noghai: topɨraq

Bashkir: tupraq

Balkar: topraq

Gagauz: topraq

Karaim: topraq, toprax

Karakalpak: topɨraq

Salar: to(:)rɨχ

Kumyk: topraq

Comments: Derived from PT *topra- 'to turn into dust, dry out'. See VEWT 489, EDT 443, 444, Лексика 99. Turk. > WMong. tobrag, Kalm. towrǝg (KW 404).

Proto-Turkic: *tor

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: net for catching birds or fish

Russian meaning: сеть

Old Turkic: tor (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tor (MK, KB)

Turkish: tor

Middle Turkic: tor (Abush., Sangl.) 'net, hair net'

Uzbek: tọr

Uighur: tor

Azerbaidzhan: tor

Turkmen: tor

Halaj: tū̊r

Kirghiz: tor

Kazakh: tor

Bashkir: tur

Karakalpak: tor

Kumyk: tor

Comments: TMN 2, N^o 954, EDT 528, Лексика 419-420. The relationship to *duŕak 'trap' (ЭСТЯ 3, 289-290, Лексика 420-421) is not quite clear.

Proto-Turkic: *Tor-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cranberry, bilberry 2 elder 3 moss

Russian meaning: 1 клюква, черника 2 бузина 3 мох

Khakassian: torslas 2 (Sag.), torbas 3

Shor: torslaš 2, torbas 3, torbas čestegi 1

Oyrat: torbos 1, 3

Comments: VEWT 490, Дмитриева 181, 192. A local Siberian word with somewhat unclear morphological structure.

Proto-Turkic: *torgaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 small bird 2 lark

Russian meaning: 1 маленькая птица 2 жаворонок

Old Turkic: torɨɣa 1

Karakhanid: turumtaj 'a predatory bird used for hawking' (MK)

Turkish: turgaj 2

Tatar: turɣaj 2

Azerbaidzhan: toraɣaj

Turkmen: torGaj 2

Khakassian: pos-tarɣaj 2

Chuvash: tъʷri 2

Yakut: tujār 1

Kirghiz: torɣoj 2

Comments: VEWT 490, EDT 550, TMN 2, 482-3, Лексика 176. Turk. > Kalm. torɣǟ (KW 401).

Proto-Turkic: *tosun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild, undisciplined

Russian meaning: дикий, необъезженный

Old Turkic: tosun (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tosun (MK)

Turkish: tosun 'bull-calf; young man'

Middle Turkic: tusan (Буд.)

Uighur: tosun

Azerbaidzhan: tōsun (dial. ДСАз 385)

Turkmen: tosun

Chuvash: tos- 'to rave'

Kirghiz: tusap-sa 'quarrelsome'

Kazakh: tosɨn 'unexpectedly', tosɨrqa- 'to stand aloof'

Comments: EDT 555-556, VEWT 491, TMN 2, 613-614, Ашм. XIV, 175, 180, Федотов 2, 255-256.