Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *bürküt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 aquila fulva 2 eagle

Russian meaning: 1 беркут 2 орел

Tatar: bü̆rkĭt 1, 2

Middle Turkic: bürküt (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: burgut 1, 2

Uighur: bürküt 1, 2

Turkmen: bürgüt 1, 2

Oyrat: bürküt, mürküt 1

Chuvash: pǝrgǝt 1

Tuva: bürgüt 1

Kirghiz: bürküt 1

Kazakh: bürkĭt 1

Bashkir: bü̆rkü̆t 2

Karakalpak: bürkit 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 300, Лексика 169, TMN 2, 331-333. Turk. > Mong. bürgüd 'eagle', Russ. беркут. As suggested in ЭСТЯ the original stem may have been *bür- (preserved in Kaz., KKalp. bür- 'to grasp prey (of an eagle)').

Proto-Turkic: *bürü-, *bür-ke-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cover up

Russian meaning: покрывать, закрывать

Karakhanid: bürün- 'to be covered' (MK, KB), bürkek 'cloudy', bürkür- 'to become cloudy' (MK)

Turkish: bürü- (also of clouds), bürge, bürgü 'kerchief, thin curtain'

Tatar: börkɛ-

Middle Turkic: bürke- (MA, Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: burka-

Uighur: pü(r)kä-

Azerbaidzhan: bürü-

Turkmen: büre-

Khakassian: pürge-

Shor: pürge-

Oyrat: bürke-

Chuvash: pǝʷrke-

Yakut: bürüj-; bürküj- 'to become cloudy'

Dolgan: bürüj-; bürkük 'cloudy'

Tuva: bürge- (also of clouds)

Tofalar: bürhü-

Kirghiz: bürkö-

Kazakh: bürke-

Noghai: bürke-

Bashkir: börkä-n- 'to be covered', börköü 'stifling'

Gagauz: bürü-

Karakalpak: bürke-

Kumyk: bürke- (also of clouds)

Comments: EDT 363, 367, ДТС 133, VEWT 92, ЭСТЯ 2, 296-298, Stachowski 68. The form in -ke- is an intensive and can hardly be regarded as a mongolism.

Proto-Turkic: *bürü-lgen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of berry

Russian meaning: вид ягоды

Tatar: börlegen

Uighur: bölǯü(r)gän

Chuvash: peʷrleʷxen

Kirghiz: büldürkön

Kazakh: büldirgen

Noghai: bö/üldirgen

Bashkir: börδögɛn

Comments: VEWT 93, Лексика 139-140 (forms like Kaz. büldirgen may reflect the same stem: *bürül-degen). Cf. also Mong. forms: bürelgene 'калина', bȫrölgönö 'костяника' which may be of Turkic origin.

Proto-Turkic: *büt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripen

Russian meaning: 1 кончать, завершать 2 кончаться 3 создавать, строить 4 заживать 5 вырастать, вызревать

Old Turkic: büt- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: büt- 2, 4, 5 (MK)

Turkish: bit- 2, 5

Tatar: bet- 2, bet-ɛš- 4

Middle Turkic: büt- 2, 4, 5 (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: bit- 2, 4, 5

Uighur: büt- 2

Sary-Yughur: pɨt-, put- 1,2

Azerbaidzhan: bit- 2

Turkmen: bit- 2, 4, 5

Khakassian: püt- 3, 4

Shor: püd-ür- 3

Oyrat: büt- 1, 4, 5

Halaj: bit- 2

Chuvash: pǝʷt- 2

Yakut: büt- 1,2, 4

Dolgan: büt- 1, 2

Tuva: bü't- 2, 4

Tofalar: bü't- 2

Kirghiz: büt- 1,2, 4, 5

Kazakh: bit- 2, 4

Noghai: bit- 2, 4, 5

Bashkir: böt- 2, böt-öš- 4

Balkar: bit- 2, 5; 'to close'

Gagauz: bit- 2

Karaim: bit- 2, 5

Karakalpak: pit- 2, 4, 5

Kumyk: bit- 2, 5

Comments: VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ЭСТЯ 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bütün 'all, whole' - a derivative from *büt-. Turk. > Mong. *büte-, *bütü- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Щербак 1997, 111).

Proto-Turkic: *büt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to believe 2 sign, token

Russian meaning: 1 верить 2 знак

Karakhanid: büt- 1 (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: büt- 1 (Pav. C.)

Uighur: püt- 1 (dial.)

Shor: püt- 1

Oyrat: büt- 1

Yakut: bit 2

Comments: VEWT 93, EDT 298-299 (together with büt- 'finish'), ЭСТЯ 2, 279-280.

Proto-Turkic: *büt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to join, intertwine, adhere 2 to wind, weave

Russian meaning: 1 присоединяться, переплетаться, примыкать 2 плести, ткать

Karakhanid: bütüš- (MK) 1

Turkish: bitiš- 1

Tatar: böter- 'крутить, свертывать'

Uzbek: bitiš- 1

Azerbaidzhan: bitiš- 1

Turkmen: bitiš- 1

Chuvash: pǝʷdǝʷr- 2

Kazakh: bitis- 'мириться'

Bashkir: bötörgös 'деталь ткацкого станка'

Comments: EDT 309-310. Федотов 1, 427

Proto-Turkic: *büt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to heal (of a wound)

Russian meaning: заживать (о ране)

Old Turkic: büt- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: büt- (MK)

Tatar: bet-äš-

Middle Turkic: büt- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: bit-

Turkmen: bit-; bitik 'scar, cicatrice'

Khakassian: püt-

Oyrat: büt-

Yakut: büt-

Tuva: bü't-

Kirghiz: büt-

Kazakh: bit-

Noghai: bit-

Bashkir: böt-öš-

Karakalpak: pit-

Comments: EDT 299 (sub *büt- 'finish'), ЭСТЯ 2, 154-155. Cf. also Chuv. pɨtča 'гнойный лишай'.

Proto-Turkic: *bǖn- (/*bīn-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to ride on, to mount, to rize

Russian meaning: ехать верхом

Old Turkic: bin- (Orkh.), mün- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: mün- (MK, KB)

Turkish: bin-

Tatar: men-

Middle Turkic: min- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: min-

Uighur: min-

Sary-Yughur: min-

Azerbaidzhan: min-

Turkmen: mün-; mīn- (dial.)

Khakassian: mün-

Shor: mün-

Oyrat: min-

Chuvash: minder 'pillow'

Yakut: mīn-

Dolgan: mīn-

Tuva: mun-

Tofalar: mun-

Kirghiz: min-

Kazakh: min-

Noghai: min-

Bashkir: men-

Balkar: min-

Gagauz: pin-

Karaim: min-

Karakalpak: min-

Salar: min-, mim-, miŋ- (ССЯ)

Kumyk: min-

Comments: VEWT 338, TMN 4, 34, EDT 348, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 180. Shortness in Turkm. is not clear. On the derivative *bin-ig- > *binge-ĺ- 'to ride behind someone else on the same horse' see EDT 771, Stachowski 178. Chuv. minder may be < Kypch., cf. Turk., Gag., Turkm., Nogh. minder, Kum. minnir, Tat., Bashk. mendär - see Федотов 1, 359.

Proto-Turkic: *bǖri

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: head of an arrow

Russian meaning: наконечник стрелы

Karakhanid: büri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK)

Yakut: bür-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head'

Dolgan: bǖrges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemförmiger Spitze'

Comments: EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69.

Proto-Turkic: *čĀb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: whip-lash

Russian meaning: плеть

Karakhanid: čavɨɣ, čaɣɨɣ (MK)

Turkish: čavun 'leather whip'

Turkmen: čāv-la- 'to lash with a rod, whip'

Chuvash: čъvъš 'sound of the whip or rod', čъʷvaš-la- 'to lash'

Tuva: ? šavɨ-la- 'to lash (of branches)'

Comments: EDT 395. See also under *čɨ̄p.

Proto-Turkic: *čAbuĺ(č)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: military commander

Russian meaning: военный командир

Old Turkic: čabuš (Orkh., Yen.), čavuš (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čavuš (MK)

Turkish: čavuš

Middle Turkic: čawuš (Sangl.)

Azerbaidzhan: čovuš 'leader of a pilgrimage'

Karaim: čavuš (K) 'senior worker'

Kumyk: čawuš 'herald'

Comments: VEWT 101, EDT 399, TMN 3, 35-38. Criticism of the hypothesis of the word's Iranian origin see in TMN.

Proto-Turkic: *čAd(b)an

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: scorpion

Russian meaning: скорпион

Karakhanid: čaδan (MK, KB)

Turkish: čajan, čɨjan 'сколопендра'

Tatar: čajan, (R, Буд. - Kas.) čejban 'millipede'

Middle Turkic: čajan, čɨjan (Abush., Sangl.), čiban (R - Calc. Wb., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: čajɔn

Uighur: čajan

Turkmen: čajān

Kirghiz: čajan

Kazakh: šajan

Noghai: šajan

Bashkir: sajan

Karakalpak: šajan

Comments: VEWT 94, EDT 403, Лексика 64, 184-185. Turk. > Kalm. cajǝ `crayfish' (?), see Щербак 1997, 111.

Proto-Turkic: *čAjɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: resin, tar

Russian meaning: смола, деготь

Tatar: čɛjɨr

Kirghiz: čajɨr

Kazakh: šajɨr

Noghai: šajɨr

Bashkir: sajɨr

Balkar: čajɨr

Karakalpak: šajɨr

Kumyk: čajɨr

Comments: VEWT 95.

Proto-Turkic: *čAj-na-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to chew 2 to bite

Russian meaning: 1 жевать 2 кусать

Turkish: čiɣne-, čejne- 1 (R)

Tatar: čɛjnɛ- 1, 2

Middle Turkic: čajna- 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: čajna- 1

Uighur: čajna- 1

Azerbaidzhan: čejnä- 1

Turkmen: čejne- 1

Khakassian: tajna- 1

Shor: tajna- 1

Oyrat: čajna- 1

Tuva: dajna- 1

Tofalar: tajna- 1

Kirghiz: čajna- 1

Kazakh: šajna- 1

Noghai: šajna- 1

Bashkir: säjnä- 1

Balkar: čajna- 1

Gagauz: čīne- 1

Karaim: cajna-, čajna-, čejne- 1

Karakalpak: šajna- 2

Salar: čene-, čäinä- 1 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: čajna- 1

Comments: VEWT 95, Рас. ФиЛ 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic.

Proto-Turkic: *čak-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bind, fetters, harness

Russian meaning: связывать, оковы, упряжь

Turkish: čakɨl- 'to be bound, fastened' (of yoke animals), čaɣan 'camel fetters'

Middle Turkic: čaɣan 'camel fetters'

Oyrat: čaqɨ 'stick for binding horses'

Gagauz: čaqɨldaq 'rope harness'

Comments: VEWT 94, 96 (but Oyr. čakɨ is regarded as borrowed < Mong. čaqu, on which see *č`ak`V).

Proto-Turkic: *čĀka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: new-born child

Russian meaning: новорожденный ребенок, детеныш

Turkish: čaɣa (dial.); čaɣa 'young of birds' (Old Osm. XIV c.)

Tatar: čaɣa

Middle Turkic: čaqa (Pav. C.), (Xwar.) čaqa 'young of birds' (Фазылов 2, 511)

Uzbek: čaqalɔq, (Tashk.) čaqa

Uighur: bala-čaqa 'children' (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: čaɣa

Turkmen: čāGa

Kirghiz: bala-čaqa 'children'

Kazakh: qɨzɨl šaqa 'quite naked (of young of animals)'

Noghai: bala-šaɣa 'children'

Karakalpak: qɨzɨl šaqa 'quite naked (of young of animals)'

Comments: VEWT 96, Менгес 1979, 170.

Proto-Turkic: *čakɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: light grey, greyish blue

Russian meaning: светло-серый, серовато-голубой

Karakhanid: čaqɨr (MK, Tefs.) (of eyes)

Turkish: čakɨr

Tatar: čaɣɨr (of eyes)

Middle Turkic: čaqɨr (Sangl.)

Uzbek: čaɣir-qanɔt 'a white-eyed dunbird, нырок белоглазый'

Uighur: čeqir (of eyes)

Turkmen: čaqɨr 'dried in the sun, bleached'

Halaj: čaqɨr 'yellow'

Kirghiz: čekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'

Kazakh: šaɣɨr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', šegir 'grey (of eyes)'

Noghai: šaɣɨr 'colourless (of eyes)'

Bashkir: šaɣɨr 'whitish'

Balkar: čaɣɨr 'variegated'

Gagauz: čaqɨr

Karakalpak: šegir (of eyes)

Comments: VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Федотов 2 387. Despite Fedotov čokur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. čobkur (v. sub *šop`é). Despite Räsänen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. čakɨr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. čakɨr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. čekir, Kaz. šegir, KKalp. šegir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. čakir / čekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. čaŋqɨr, Chuv. senker, Yak. čeŋgir, ǯeŋgir, Kirgh. čenkil, čaŋɨl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tseṃ 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zangār 'verdigris', whence Tat. zäŋgär (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *zā'to leave, remain', Sak. ysāyä 'rust', Osset. zgä, see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC 青 chieŋ 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531.

Proto-Turkic: *čal-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade

Russian meaning: 1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие

Old Turkic: čal- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: čal- 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: čal- 1, čalgɨ 9, čalgɨ oraɣɨ 5

Tatar: čal- 1, 3, čalɣɨ 5

Uzbek: čal- 1, čalɣi ụrɔq 5

Uighur: čal- 1, čalɣa 5

Sary-Yughur: čal(ɨ)- 8

Azerbaidzhan: čal- 1, 6, 7, čalɣɨ 9

Turkmen: čal- 10, 7, 6, čalGɨ 5, 11

Khakassian: sal- 1

Shor: šalɣɨ 5

Oyrat: čalɣɨ 5

Halaj: čal- 1, 6

Chuvash: śol- 4, śolъk 9

Yakut: sālɨn- 'to fall abruptly'

Tuva: šalɨ- 10

Kirghiz: čal- 1, 3, čalɣɨ 5, čalɣɨn 12

Kazakh: šal- 13, šalɣɨ 5, šalɣɨn 12

Noghai: šal- 1, 3, 4, šalɣɨ 5

Bashkir: salɨ- 3

Balkar: čal- 4, čalqɨ 5

Gagauz: čalɨm 14

Karaim: cal- 1, 4, calqɨ, calɣɨ 5

Karakalpak: šal- 1, 3, 13, šalɣɨ 5, šalɣɨn 12

Kumyk: čal- 1, 4, čalɣɨ 5

Comments: VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *čāl- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *čal- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them.

Proto-Turkic: *čĀl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: grey, grey-headed

Russian meaning: серый, седой

Karakhanid: čal (MK, KB)

Turkish: čal

Tatar: čal 'grey hair'

Middle Turkic: čal 'having grey hair amid black hair' (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: čɔl 'old man'

Azerbaidzhan: čal

Turkmen: čāl

Khakassian: čal

Oyrat: čal

Yakut: sālɨr 'light-bay (horse); pepper-and-salt (hair)'

Kirghiz: čal

Kazakh: šal 'old man'

Noghai: šal

Bashkir: sal

Balkar: čal

Karaim: čal

Karakalpak: šal

Kumyk: čal

Comments: EDT 417, VEWT 96, TMN 2, 31, Аникин 640. Turk. > WMong. čal, Kalm. cal, Khalkha cal būral 'grey-haired, roan'; Russ. чалый.

Proto-Turkic: *čAl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 noisy, talkative man 2 blasphemy

Russian meaning: 1 болтун, болтовня 2 богохульство

Old Turkic: čo/ulvu (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: čalaŋ 1 (MK)

Comments: EDT 418, 420.