Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *dāla-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bite

Russian meaning: кусать

Turkish: dala-

Tatar: tala-

Middle Turkic: tala- (MKypch.: AH, Ettuhf.)

Azerbaidzhan: dala-

Turkmen: dāla-

Chuvash: tula-, recipr. tola-š-

Gagauz: dala-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 134-136, Ашм. XIV, 120. This root should be strictly distinguished from PT *tāla- 'to rob', with which it is confused in VEWT 458 and in EDT 492.

Proto-Turkic: *dāp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to trample

Russian meaning: топтать

Karakhanid: tabrɨ- 'to jump about (about a camel)' (MK)

Tatar: tapa- (dial.)

Turkmen: dābala- 'to trample' (of a camel), dābɨra- 'to ride, stamp'

Oyrat: tabar- 'to fall upon'

Yakut: tabɨj- 'to hit with front hooves' (of a horse)

Dolgan: tabɨn- 'to scratch with a hoof'

Kazakh: tapa-

Bashkir: tapa-

Karakalpak: tapɨlda-

Comments: EDT 443, ЭСТЯ 3, 111-112, Stachowski 214. The Tat., Kaz., Bashk. and KKalp. reflect a variant *dapa- (or perhaps expressive *dāppa-, to account for the lack of voicing -p- > -b- after a long vowel).

Proto-Turkic: *dāpan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: foot, sole

Russian meaning: нога, подошва

Karakhanid: taban (MK)

Turkish: taban

Tatar: taban

Middle Turkic: taban (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔbɔn

Uighur: tapan

Sary-Yughur: tawan

Azerbaidzhan: daban

Turkmen: dāban

Oyrat: taman

Chuvash: toban

Tuva: davan

Tofalar: daman

Kirghiz: taman

Kazakh: taban

Noghai: taban

Bashkir: taban

Balkar: taban

Gagauz: taban

Karaim: taban

Karakalpak: taban

Kumyk: taban

Comments: VEWT 462, EDT 441, ЭСТЯ 3, 110-112, Лексика 289, Федотов 2, 249.

Proto-Turkic: *dārɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to touch, fall upon, attack

Russian meaning: дотрагиваться, нападать

Turkish: (Osm.) darɨ- (14 c.)

Tatar: tarɨ-

Middle Turkic: darɨ- (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: daraš-

Turkmen: dāra-

Yakut: tārɨj-

Bashkir: tarɨ-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 149. Despite VEWT 133, hardly a mongolism (but Kaz., Nogh., KKalp. darɨ- are probably < Mong. daɣari-). One should perhaps link also *dArɨ-n-, *dArɨ-l- 'to become angry, offended' (ЭСТЯ 3, 161-162 - pass. or medial forms, i.e. *'to be touched, approached').

Proto-Turkic: *dāt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to taste 2 taste 3 sweet, tasty 4 to get accustomed

Russian meaning: 1 иметь вкус (1а пробовать на вкус) 2 вкус 3 сладкий, вкусный 4 привыкать

Old Turkic: tat- 1, 1a (OUygh.), tatɨɣ 2 (OUygh.), tatɨɣ-lɨɣ 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tat-lɨɣ 3 (MK), tatɨ- 1 (MK, KB), tatɨɣ 2 (MK, KB), tatɨɣ-lɨɣ 3 (MK)

Turkish: tat- (tatar) 1a, tat (-d-), tadɨm, tatɨk 2, tatlɨ 3, dad-a- 'to bait, lure', dad-a-n- 4

Tatar: tat- 1, 1a, tat 2, tatlɨ 3

Middle Turkic: tat- 1a (Abush., Pav. C., Sangl.), tat 2 (Sangl.), tat-lɨɣ3 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔt- 1a, tati- 1, 1a tɔt 2, tɔtli 3

Uighur: teti- 1, 1a, tatq 2, tatliq 3

Sary-Yughur: tatɨ- 1 a, tatɨɣ 3

Azerbaidzhan: dad- 1a, dad 2, dadlɨ 3, dadan- 4

Turkmen: dāt/d- 1a, dāt 2, dāt-lɨ 3

Khakassian: tadɨ- 1, tadɨɣ 2, tadɨlɨɣ 3

Shor: tatqɨ 2

Oyrat: tatu 2, 3

Halaj: tāt- 1

Chuvash: tuda-l- 1, tuda-n- 1a, todъ 2, tut-lъ 3

Kirghiz: tat- 1 a, tatɨ- 1, tatɨq 2, tattuw 3, tatq-a-n- 4

Kazakh: tat- 1, 1 a, tätti 3

Noghai: tat- 1, 1 a, tatɨq 2

Bashkir: tatɨ- 1a, tat 2, tatlɨ 3

Balkar: tat- 1 a, tatɨw 2, tatlɨ 3

Gagauz: dat- 1a, dat 2, datlɨ 3, dad-a-n- 4

Karaim: tat- 1a, tatɨ- 1, 1a, tat (K), tatuv (T,H,K) 2, tatlɨ (T,H,K) 3, tatan- (K) 4

Karakalpak: tat- 1 a, tatɨ- 1, 1a, tatlɨ 3

Kumyk: tatɨ- 1, tatɨw 2, tatli 3

Comments: VEWT 466, EDT 449-450, 452, 454, ЭСТЯ 3, 162-164, Федотов 2, 256-257. Oghuz (Osman) devoicing is secondary. Turk. > Mong. *tati- > tači(ja)- 'become accustomed' (KW 385) > TM tati- id. (ТМС 2, 170.)

Proto-Turkic: *debe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: camel

Russian meaning: верблюд

Old Turkic: tebe (Orkh.), teve (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teve (tevej) (MK)

Turkish: deve

Tatar: dü̆jä

Middle Turkic: deve (Pav. C.), teve (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tuja

Uighur: tögä

Sary-Yughur: te, ti

Azerbaidzhan: devä

Turkmen: düje

Khakassian: tibe

Oyrat: tȫ, tebe

Chuvash: tǝʷve

Yakut: taba 'deer'

Dolgan: taba 'deer'

Tuva: teve

Tofalar: tebe (Рас. ФиЛ)

Kirghiz: tȫ

Kazakh: tüje

Noghai: tüje

Bashkir: dü̆jä

Balkar: tüje

Gagauz: devä

Karaim: tüje, deve

Karakalpak: tüje

Salar: töje, töüvä, tüvi

Kumyk: tüje

Comments: EDT 447-448, VEWT 468, ЭСТЯ 3, 313-315, Лексика 445, Stachowski 214. Turk. > Hung. teve, see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *debir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to capsize, subvert

Russian meaning: опрокидывать, ниспровергать

Old Turkic: tevir- (OUygh.)

Turkish: devir-

Azerbaidzhan: devir-

Gagauz: devir-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 172-173.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to cost, to be worth 2 price 3 to change, exchange 4 allotment, portion 5 worth 6 change, exchange

Russian meaning: 1 стоить, быть достойным 2 цена 3 изменять(ся), обмениваться 4 доля (причитающееся) 5 достойный, положенный 6 перемена, обмен

Old Turkic: teg-im 1, teg-im-lig 5, teg-ir 4 (OUygh.), teg-š-il-, teg-š-ür- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teg- 1 (MK - ДТС), teg-ir 4 (MK), teg-iš 5 (KB), 'given in exchange' (MK), teg-š-üt 'exchange price' (MK), teg-š-ür-ül- 3 (KB)

Turkish: deɣ- 1, dejer 2, deɣ-im (dial.) 2, dejiš 6, dejiš- 3

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) deg- 1, (OKypch.) deg-ir 2, teg-iš 2 (Sangl.), teg-iš- 3 (Sangl.)

Uighur: tegiš- 3

Azerbaidzhan: däjär 2, däjiš- 3

Turkmen: deg- 1, degiš- 3

Chuvash: tivǝś 'debt'

Gagauz: dīš 6, dīš- 3

Karaim: tij- 1, degiš- 3

Kumyk: tij- 1

Comments: EDT 482, 485, 487, 488, ЭСТЯ 3, 181-182, 179-180, Лексика 338. Usually regarded as a development of *dẹg- 'to touch, reach', which is somewhat dubious semantically; external parallels also seem to indicate that the two roots are originally distinct.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to touch, to reach

Russian meaning: дотрагиваться, достигать

Old Turkic: teg- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teg- (MK, KB)

Turkish: dej-

Tatar: tij-

Middle Turkic: teg- (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: deg-

Uighur: täg-

Azerbaidzhan: däj-

Turkmen: deg-

Khakassian: tig-

Shor: teg-

Oyrat: tij-

Halaj: täj-

Chuvash: tiv-

Yakut: tī-j-

Dolgan: tīj-

Tuva: deg-

Tofalar: deg-

Kirghiz: tij-

Kazakh: tij-

Noghai: tij-

Bashkir: tej-

Balkar: tij-

Gagauz: di-

Karaim: tij-

Karakalpak: tij-

Kumyk: tij-

Comments: VEWT 468-469, EDT 476, ЭСТЯ 3, 173-175, Stachowski 224. Sal. deš-, dial. teš-, tejiš- 'to burn' must be derived from the same root ("to reach fire"). A very complicated issue is the relationship of this root to PT *dēk, *dēki- 'to, up to' (usually acting as a postposition) - see ЭСТЯ 2, 182-185, EDT 477 (added should be also Yak. dieki 'in the direction of', Dolg. diek, diegi 'side', see Stachowski 79). The phonology here is quite puzzling: one would be tempted to regard the medial -k- as an archaism (see below on the irregularity of *-g- in Turkic), but the open long *-ē- presents great difficulties (since the verbal root itself most definitely has a short closed *-ẹ-). A possible solution is to correct the reconstruction *dēk(i) to *dẹge-ki and regard the *-k(i) as an original locative suffix; this seems plausible because another attested form of the postposition is *dẹgi-n (cf. especially reflexes like Tat. dial. tiŋ, KKalp. dejin, Kaz. dejĭn, Nogh. dejim).

Proto-Turkic: *deg- / *dög- / *dog-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round

Russian meaning: круглый

Old Turkic: tegirmi (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tegirme (MK)

Turkish: degirmi 'circle'

Tatar: tügɛrɛk

Middle Turkic: tekirme, tekirmi (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tụgarak

Uighur: dügläk

Sary-Yughur: doGɨr

Azerbaidzhan: däjirmi

Turkmen: tegelek, toGalaq

Khakassian: toɣɨlax

Shor: toɣalaq

Oyrat: toɣoloq

Chuvash: tǝʷgǝʷr 'mirror'

Yakut: tüörem (poet.) 'round', tier- 'to turn round'

Dolgan: tier- 'to turn round'

Tuva: tögerik

Tofalar: tȫrej

Kirghiz: tegerek

Noghai: tögerek

Bashkir: tüŋäräk

Balkar: tögerek

Karaim: togerek

Karakalpak: döŋgelek

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 176-179, 281-282, Stachowski 222, 227. One of several expressive common Turkic roots meaning 'round' and displaying phonetic irregularities. Some modern Turkic forms (not listed above) are probably borrowed from Mongolian: cf., in particular, Yak. tögǖr, tögürük, Dolg. tögürük ( > Evk. tuɣuruk). Cf. also Лексика 400 (with forms reflecting PT *teker). Bulg. > Hung. tükör 'mirror', see MNyTESz 3, 1010.

Proto-Turkic: *dEgiŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: squirrel

Russian meaning: белка

Old Turkic: tejiŋ (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: tegiŋ (MK - erroneously glossed 'sable', see EDT), tejiŋ (KB)

Turkish: dejin, deɣin (dial.)

Tatar: tijen

Middle Turkic: tejin (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tijin

Uighur: tijin

Oyrat: tijiŋ

Yakut: tīŋ

Dolgan: tīŋ

Tuva: dīŋ

Kirghiz: tɨjɨn

Kazakh: tijin, tɨjɨn

Bashkir: tejen

Comments: VEWT 470, EDT 569, ЭСТЯ 3, 180-181, Лексика 164-165, Stachowski 224. Criticism of the borrowing ( < Ugrian) theory see in Лексика 165, Аникин 546-547.

Proto-Turkic: *degül

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: is not

Russian meaning: нет, не

Karakhanid: tegül (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: degül, dejil

Tatar: tügil

Middle Turkic: degül (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: dejil

Turkmen: dǟl

Kirghiz: tügül

Kazakh: tügil

Noghai: tuwɨl

Bashkir: tügil

Karaim: duguĺ

Karakalpak: tüwe

Kumyk: tügül

Comments: EDT 480, ЭСТЯ 3, 213-214.

Proto-Turkic: *del-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to bore through 2 to cut 3 to open

Russian meaning: 1 продырявливать 2 резать

Old Turkic: tel- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tel- 1 (MK)

Turkish: del- 2

Middle Turkic: tel- 1 (Sangl., Abush.)

Sary-Yughur: telɨk 'opening'

Azerbaidzhan: däl- 2

Yakut: tel- 3

Tofalar: del- 1

Gagauz: del- 1

Karaim: del- 1

Comments: VEWT 471, EDT 490, ЭСТЯ 3, 185-186, TMN 2, 657.

Proto-Turkic: *deĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to make holes

Russian meaning: продырявливать

Karakhanid: teš- (MK)

Turkish: deš-

Tatar: tiš-

Middle Turkic: teš- (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: teš-

Uighur: täš-

Azerbaidzhan: deš-

Khakassian: tis-

Oyrat: teš-

Yakut: tes-

Dolgan: tes-

Tuva: deš-

Tofalar: deš-

Kirghiz: teš-

Kazakh: tes-

Noghai: tes-

Bashkir: tiš-

Balkar: teš-

Gagauz: deš-

Karaim: teš-

Karakalpak: tes-

Kumyk: teš-

Comments: VEWT 476, EDT 559, ЭСТЯ 3, 210-212, TMN 2, 657, Stachowski 221.

Proto-Turkic: *dele(g)

Meaning: squirrel

Russian meaning: белка

Azerbaidzhan: dälä

Turkmen: däle (dial.)

Comments: Pers. dalɛ < dalaɣ 'куница' = Sanglechi, 'marmot' Yigdha, 'барсук' тадж. диал., см. Пахалина Вах. 200 + ряд вост. форм <*daršɨ. Ст.-К. 166 - вах. форма иначе, глупо.

Proto-Turkic: *delim

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: many

Russian meaning: много

Old Turkic: telim (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: telim (MK)

Turkish: delim (Osm.)

Comments: VEWT 472, EDT 499-500.

Proto-Turkic: *deŋgil

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: axle

Russian meaning: ось

Turkish: dingil

Tatar: teŋel (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: tiŋgil (MA)

Chuvash: tǝʷnǝʷl

Gagauz: dingil

Karaim: teŋgil

Comments: VEWT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 235-236, Федотов 2, 216-217. Turk. >Hung. tengely 'axle', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *depre-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to move, stir, shake

Russian meaning: двигать(ся), качать(ся)

Old Turkic: tepre- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tepre- (MK, KB)

Turkish: depre-, tepre-

Tatar: tibrän-

Middle Turkic: tepre- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tebra-

Uighur: täwrä-

Sary-Yughur: terwe-

Azerbaidzhan: däbär-, tärpän-

Turkmen: depre-, terpen-

Khakassian: tibǝre-

Halaj: tepre-

Chuvash: tapra-n-

Kirghiz: terbe-l-

Kazakh: terbe-l-; tebire-n- 'взволноваться'

Noghai: terbe-l-

Bashkir: tirbä-l-

Balkar: tebre-

Gagauz: depre-, tepre-

Karaim: tebre-

Karakalpak: terbe-

Kumyk: terbe-n-

Comments: VEWT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 201-202, EDT 443-444, Федотов 2, 173-174.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sweat

Russian meaning: пот

Old Turkic: ter (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ter (MK, KB)

Turkish: ter

Tatar: tir

Middle Turkic: ter (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ter

Uighur: tär

Azerbaidzhan: där (dial.)

Turkmen: der

Khakassian: tir

Shor: ter

Oyrat: ter

Halaj: ter

Chuvash: tar, tẹr (NW)

Yakut: tir-it- 'to sweat'

Tuva: der

Kirghiz: ter

Kazakh: ter

Noghai: ter

Bashkir: tir

Balkar: ter

Gagauz: ter

Karaim: ter

Karakalpak: ter

Salar: ter

Kumyk: ter

Comments: VEWT 474, EDT 528, ЭСТЯ 3, 203-204. Chuvash dialects show a variation between e/ẹ.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹrek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 poplar 2 tree

Russian meaning: 1 тополь 2 дерево

Karakhanid: terek 1 (MK)

Turkish: tirek (dial.) 2

Tatar: tirɛk 1

Middle Turkic: terek 1 (Abush., Sangl., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: terak 1

Uighur: deräk 1

Sary-Yughur: terek 2

Turkmen: derek 1

Khakassian: tirek 1

Shor: terek 1

Oyrat: terek 1

Chuvash: tirek 1

Yakut: tirex 1

Tuva: terek 1

Kirghiz: terek 1

Kazakh: terek 1, 2

Noghai: terek 1

Bashkir: tiräk 1

Balkar: terek 2

Karaim: terak 2

Karakalpak: terek 1

Kumyk: terek 2

Comments: VEWT 475, EDT 543, ЭСТЯ 3, 205-206, Лексика 105, 134-135. Iranian origin is quite improbable.