Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *iagɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: heavy

Russian meaning: тяжелый

Old Turkic: aɣɨr (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aɣɨr (MK, KB)

Turkish: aɣɨr

Tatar: awɨr

Middle Turkic: aɣɨr (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔɣir

Uighur: eɣir

Azerbaidzhan: aɣɨr

Turkmen: aGɨr

Khakassian: ār

Halaj: aɣị̄r

Chuvash: jɨvъr

Yakut: ɨar

Dolgan: ɨara-kan

Tuva: ār

Tofalar: ā̃r

Kirghiz: ōr

Kazakh: awɨr

Bashkir: awɨr

Balkar: awur

Karakalpak: awɨr

Salar: aɣɨr

Comments: VEWT 8, EDT 88-9, ЭСТЯ 1, 85-87, Егоров 82-83, Лексика 338-339, Stachowski 258.

Proto-Turkic: *iak-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to flow

Russian meaning: течь

Old Turkic: aq- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aq- (MK)

Turkish: ak-

Tatar: aq-

Middle Turkic: aq- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔq-

Uighur: aq-

Sary-Yughur: aq-

Azerbaidzhan: ax-

Turkmen: aq-

Khakassian: ax-

Oyrat: aq-

Chuvash: jox-

Tuva: aq-

Kirghiz: aq-

Kazakh: aq-

Noghai: aq-

Bashkir: aq-

Balkar: aq-

Gagauz: aq-

Karaim: aq-

Karakalpak: aq-

Kumyk: aq-

Comments: EDT 77, VEWT 12, ЭСТЯ 1, 118-120, Егоров 352, Федотов 2, 495.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)akuru-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: slowly, quietly, gradually

Russian meaning: медленно, постепенно

Old Turkic: aquru (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aqru, aqrun (MK), aqru (KB)

Turkish: arqun (Osmanli)

Tatar: ɛkren, ɛkerten; ɛkert (dial.)

Middle Turkic: aqrɨn (Sangl.), aɣrɨn (Бор. Бад.)

Khakassian: āɣɨrin, aɣrɨn, aɣɨrtɨn

Shor: aɣɨrɨn

Oyrat: aqqɨrɨn, aqqɨr-aqqɨr

Yakut: arɣɨ̄j, orɣūj

Kirghiz: aqɨrin

Kazakh: aqɨrɨn

Bashkir: aqrɨn

Balkar: aqɨrɨn, aqrɨn, aqɨrtɨn

Karaim: arqɨtɨn

Karakalpak: aqɨrɨn

Comments: VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 123-124, EDT 89-90. The forms with -ɨn and -tɨn are old forms of Instr. and Abl. cases, so the PT word is a noun. Yak. reflects the -u of the second syllable.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)ăĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 seed, cereals, crops; 2 graft, 3 vaccine, 4 pus (primarily - as a material for vaccinacion?) 5 tanning matter, 6 starch

Russian meaning: 1 семя, злаки, зерновые 2 привой 3 вакцина 4 гной (первоначально - как прививка?) 5 дубильное вещество 6 крахмал

Karakhanid: aš-lɨq 1 (ašlɨq tarɨɣ önar 'crops spring') (MK; IM)

Turkish: ašɨ 2, 3

Tatar: aš-lɨq 1, aš 1, 4 dial. (Sib., КСТТ 107), aš-la- 'to starch'

Middle Turkic: aši 2 (Pav. C.), 'pollen' (Zenker I 56)

Uzbek: ɔš 5, ɔš-liq 1

Uighur: aš-lɨq 1, aš-la- 'to tan'

Azerbaidzhan: aš, ašɨ 3, 5

Turkmen: aš-Gar 5

Khakassian: as 1, as-ta-n- 'to beware of a disease' ('to vaccinate oneself'?)

Shor: aš 1

Oyrat: aš 1

Yakut: as 4, as, ahɨlɨk 'fruit of some wild plants, berry'

Dolgan: ahɨlɨk 'berry'

Kirghiz: aš 'fruit of some wild plants, berry', aštɨq 1, aša- 'to tan'

Kazakh: astɨq 1

Noghai: as 'a grain, a seed', aslɨq 1

Bashkir: ašlɨq 1, ašla- 'to graft', dial. aš 'pus' (Бhh III 26)

Balkar: aš-lɨq 1, aš-ügü 'one of cereal cultures'

Gagauz: haš-la- 'to plant out seedlings; to graft; to vaccinate'

Karaim: aš-lɨq 1, aš-la- 'to graft'

Salar: aš-lɨq 1 (ССЯ 296)

Kumyk: aš 1 (Cатыб. 73), aš-la- 'to pollinate; to tan'

Comments: VEWT 30, ЭСТЯ 1, 211-212, 216, Stachowski 29. A lot of etymological confusion here. Forms meaning 'to tan, tanning matter; starch' may be either borrowed from Persian or, rather, derived from *(i)aĺ 'meal' (v. sub *i̯oĺe), see Лексика 378. The latter root, due to its phonetic similarity (or even identity) has in general influenced the present one: 'cereals' are influenced by 'porridge' and *(i)aĺ-la- 'to graft, to pollinate' by *(i)aĺ-la- 'to fertilize' ( = 'to feed'). It seems nevertheless impossible to unite them completely.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)aĺ(č)uk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ankle joint, knucklebone 2 die

Russian meaning: 1 лодыжка, бабка 2 альчик

Karakhanid: ašuq 1 (MK)

Turkish: ašuq 2 (Osmanli), ašɨk 1, 2

Tatar: ašɨq 2

Middle Turkic: ašuq 1, 'bone of the elbow' (Abush.)

Uzbek: ɔšiq 2

Uighur: ošuq 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: ašɨG 2

Turkmen: ašɨq 2

Oyrat: ažɨq 2

Halaj: ušaq 2

Kirghiz: ašɨq 2

Kazakh: asɨq 1, 2

Noghai: asɨq 1, 2

Bashkir: ašɨq 2

Balkar: ašɨq 1, 2

Karaim: ašɨq 2

Karakalpak: asɨq 2

Kumyk: ašɨq 2

Comments: EDT 259, VEWT 30, ЭСТЯ 1, 216-217, TMN 2, 64-65, Лексика 288.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)aĺ, *(i)aĺ-a-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 meal, food 2 to eat 3 porridge 4 to feed

Russian meaning: 1 еда, пища 2 есть 3 каша 4 кормить

Old Turkic: aš 1, aša- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aš 1, aša- 2 (KB)

Turkish: aš 1

Tatar: aša- 2

Middle Turkic: aš 1 (Pav. C.)

Uighur: aš 1

Azerbaidzhan: aš 3

Turkmen: aš 1

Khakassian: as 1

Halaj: āš, ɔ̄š 1

Yakut: as 1

Dolgan: as 1, as- 2

Tuva: a'š 1, ažā- 4

Tofalar: aša- 4

Kirghiz: aš 1

Noghai: aša- 2

Bashkir: aša- 2

Balkar: aša- 2

Karaim: aša- 2

Comments: VEWT 29-30, ЭСТЯ 1, 210-212, TMN 2, 61-62, EDT 253, 256, Stachowski 38.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)am

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: vulva

Russian meaning: vulva

Karakhanid: am (MK - Oghuz, Kypch.)

Turkish: am

Tatar: am (Буд. 1, 90)

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) am (CCum., AH, At-Tuhf.)

Turkmen: am

Oyrat: am (R)

Halaj: hā̊m

Yakut: abas 'vulva'; amanax 'fat in the groins of cows, horses'

Kirghiz: am (R)

Kazakh: am (R)

Comments: VEWT 18, EDT 155, R 1 643.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)am-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 now 2 recent

Russian meaning: 1 сейчас 2 недавний

Old Turkic: am-tɨ 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: am-dɨ 1 (MK, KB)

Sary-Yughur: am-ɣo, am-dö-ko 2 (ЯЖУ 15)

Khakassian: am 1, am-dɨ-ɣɨ, am-ɣɨ 2

Shor: am, amdɨ 1, amdɨɣɨ 2, am-oq 'at once'

Yakut: anɨ ( < *am-dɨ) 1

Dolgan: anɨ 1

Tuva: am 1, amɣɨ 2, amdɨ̄ (< amdɨɣɨ) 'the same'

Tofalar: am, amdɨ ́, amɣɨ̄ 2

Comments: VEWT 18, 41, EDT 156-157, ЭСТЯ I 357, Stachowski 34, Лексика 83 (with some confusion of *am- and *em- q. v. sub *ìmé).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)anduk ( ~ -nt-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of lynx

Russian meaning: вид хищника

Turkish: andɨk 'вид гиены', Osm. anduq

Middle Turkic: andɨq 'espèce de loup cervier' (Pav. C.)

Comments: VEWT 20, Лексика 159.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)ańɨg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sin, evil

Russian meaning: грех, зло

Old Turkic: ańɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.), ajɨɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ajɨɣ (MK)

Yakut: aj̃ɨ̄

Dolgan: ańɨ̄

Comments: VEWT 20, EDT 182, ЭСТЯ 1, 113, Stachowski 34.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)aŋɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stubble-field

Russian meaning: жнивье, сжатое поле

Karakhanid: aŋɨz (MK)

Middle Turkic: aŋɨz (Sangl.)

Comments: EDT 191-192.

Proto-Turkic: *iāčɨ-g

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bitter, acid

Russian meaning: горький, кислый

Old Turkic: ačɨɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ačɨɣ (MK)

Turkish: aǯɨ

Tatar: ačɨ

Middle Turkic: ačɨ (Abush.)

Uzbek: ačči, ɔčči (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: aǯɨ

Turkmen: āǯɨ, āǯɨɣ

Oyrat: aču

Halaj: hāčuɣ, hāčuq

Chuvash: jüźǝ

Yakut: ahɨ̄

Dolgan: ahɨ̄

Tuva: ažɨɣ

Tofalar: aǯɨɣ

Kazakh: aššɨ

Noghai: ašɨ

Bashkir: asɨ

Balkar: ačɨ

Gagauz: aǯi

Karaim: aǯɨ, ačɨ

Karakalpak: aššɨ

Salar: āǯɨ

Kumyk: aččɨ

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 89-93, Егоров 82, Мудрак 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *iāčɨ- 'to become bitter, sour'.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to rise

Russian meaning: подниматься

Old Turkic: aɣ- (Yen., OUygh.), aɣ-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: aɣ- (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: aɣ-

Turkmen: āɣ- 'to overflow'

Bashkir: awa-la- (of the sun)

Gagauz: ā- 'to vaporize'

Comments: EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)āg- (а:ɣ- I) 'to rise' and *iāg- (а:ɣ II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems aɣ- 'to rise' and aɣna- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct.

Proto-Turkic: *iāg-, *iāg-na-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall

Russian meaning: 1 падать, опрокидываться, свешиваться 2 перелезать 3 валяться, перекатываться 4 ронять, опрокидывать

Old Turkic: aɣna- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aɣna- 3 (MK, KB)

Turkish: aɣ- 1, aɣdɨr- 2, aɣɨn- 3

Tatar: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Middle Turkic: aɣna- 3

Uzbek: ɔɣ- 1, ɔɣna- 3

Uighur: aɣ- 1

Sary-Yughur: aɣɨna- 3 (ЯЖУ 11)

Azerbaidzhan: aɣna- 3

Turkmen: āɣ- 1, 2, āɣ-dar- 4, āɣɨna- 3

Khakassian: aŋ-dar- 4

Shor: aŋ-dar- 4

Oyrat: aŋ-tar- 4, aŋ-da- (<*aŋ-na-) 3

Halaj: hāɣa, hɔ̄ɣa 'back, in the back'

Chuvash: jъʷvan- 1, 4

Yakut: āŋ-na- 3

Tuva: aŋda-r- 4, aŋda-š- 3

Kirghiz: ō- 1, ōna- 3

Kazakh: aw-dar- 4, awna- 3

Noghai: av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3

Bashkir: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Balkar: aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3

Karaim: avdar- 4, av-ɣa-la-n- 3

Karakalpak: aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3

Kumyk: av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3

Comments: EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like aŋ-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *iāg-ɨn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *iāg-ɨn- but rather *iāg-na-).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder

Russian meaning: 1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старший

Old Turkic: aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС)

Turkish: aɣa 1, 2

Tatar: aɣa 1, 2

Middle Turkic: aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), aɣa 1 (Abush.), aqa (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: ɔɣa 1

Uighur: aɣa 1

Sary-Yughur: aqa 1,2, qɨz aɣa 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13)

Azerbaidzhan: aɣa 2

Turkmen: āGa 1

Khakassian: aɣa 1 ('father's father')

Shor: aqqa 'father's father'

Oyrat: aqa 1, 2

Halaj: aɣa 2

Yakut: aɣa 1 ('father'), 3

Dolgan: aga 'father'

Tuva: aqɨ 1

Tofalar: aɣa 1

Kirghiz: aɣa 1

Kazakh: aɣa 1, 3

Noghai: aɣa 1, 2

Bashkir: aɣaj 1, 2

Gagauz: aɣa 1, 2

Karaim: aqa 2 (K), aɣa 2, 3 (K, T)

Karakalpak: aɣa 1, 2

Kumyk: aɣa 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere.

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to cross (a mountain) 2 to surpass

Russian meaning: 1 переходить (через гору) 2 превосходить

Old Turkic: aš- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aš- 1 (MK)

Turkish: aš- 1

Tatar: aš- 2

Middle Turkic: aš- 1, 2

Uzbek: ɔš- 1, 2

Uighur: aš- 1, 2

Sary-Yughur: as- 1

Azerbaidzhan: aš- 1

Turkmen: āš- 1, 2

Khakassian: as- 1, 2

Shor: as- 1, 2

Oyrat: aš- 1, 2

Halaj: āš- 1

Yakut: ās- 1, 2

Dolgan: ās- 'to go by'

Tuva: aš- 1, 2

Kirghiz: aš- 1, 2

Kazakh: as- 1, 2

Bashkir: aš- 2

Gagauz: aš- 'to go beyond the range of vision'

Karaim: aš- 1, 2

Karakalpak: as- 1

Comments: VEWT 30, ЭСТЯ 1, 212-214, EDT 255, Stachowski 41. The OT gerund ašru 'having crossed over, exceeded > very' > Mong. asuru (Clark 1980, 42, Щербак 1997, 102-103).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)āra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 space between 2 on one's way, under way

Russian meaning: 1 промежуток, пространство между 2 в пути, по дороге

Old Turkic: ara 1 Orkh., OUygh.

Karakhanid: ara (MK)

Turkish: ara

Tatar: ara

Middle Turkic: ara (Abush.)

Uzbek: ɔra

Uighur: ara

Sary-Yughur: ara

Azerbaidzhan: ara

Turkmen: āra 1

Khakassian: ara

Shor: ara

Oyrat: ara

Halaj: hāra

Yakut: āra 2

Dolgan: āra-k- 'to go away', ārā- 'not to reach'

Tuva: ara

Kirghiz: ara

Kazakh: ara

Noghai: ara

Bashkir: ara

Balkar: ara

Gagauz: āra

Karaim: ara

Karakalpak: ara

Kumyk: ara

Comments: EDT 196, VEWT 22, TMN 2, 24, ЭСТЯ 1, 162-164, Stachowski 41. Derived is probably *ārɨk 'island; arik, ditch; thicket' id. (VEWT 23, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 167, 187-188, Лексика 95, 110, Stachowski 37).

Proto-Turkic: *(i)ātag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sacrifice 2 price, sale 3 engagement, votive 4 gift

Russian meaning: 1 жертвоприношение 2 цена, продажа 3 помолвка, обет 4 подарок

Turkish: adaɣ 1, 3, 4

Azerbaidzhan: adax 3

Turkmen: ādaG 3

Shor: ada 1

Yakut: atɨ̄ 2

Comments: VEWT 5. All the listed forms may be derived from *āta- `to name' ( < *āt `name'), but the specific meanings rather suggest a secondary contamination.

Proto-Turkic: *ič-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to drink

Russian meaning: пить

Old Turkic: ič- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ič- (MK)

Turkish: ič-

Tatar: eč-

Middle Turkic: ič- (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ič-

Uighur: ič-

Sary-Yughur: ɨš-

Azerbaidzhan: ič-

Turkmen: ič-

Khakassian: ǝs-

Shor: iš-, eš- (R., Верб.)

Oyrat: ič-

Halaj: ič-

Chuvash: ǝś-

Yakut: is-

Dolgan: is-

Tuva: iš-

Tofalar: iš-

Kirghiz: ič-

Kazakh: iš-

Noghai: iš-

Bashkir: es-

Balkar: ič-

Gagauz: ič-

Karaim: ič-

Karakalpak: iš-

Salar: īč-

Kumyk: ič-

Comments: VEWT 168, EDT 19, ЭСТЯ 1, 391, Егоров 66, Stachowski 129.

Proto-Turkic: *ič

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 interior of smth. 2 intestines 3 belly

Russian meaning: 1 внутренность 2 кишки 3 живот

Old Turkic: ič (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ičegü 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ič 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: ič 1

Tatar: eč 1

Middle Turkic: ič 1 (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.)

Uighur: ič 1

Sary-Yughur: hiǯigɨ 3

Azerbaidzhan: ič 1

Turkmen: ič 1, ičege 2

Khakassian: isker 1

Halaj: ič 1, ičgär 2

Chuvash: ъš 1

Yakut: is 1

Dolgan: is 1

Tuva: i'žin 3

Tofalar: i'šti 1, 2

Kirghiz: ič 1, ičegi 2

Kazakh: iš 1

Balkar: ič 1

Karakalpak: ši 3

Comments: VEWT 168, EDT 17, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 388-391, 392-393, Stachowski 128-129.