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Proto-Turkic: *(i)am-
Meaning: 1 now 2 recent
Russian meaning: 1 сейчас 2 недавний
Old Turkic: am-tɨ 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: am-dɨ 1 (MK , KB ) Sary-Yughur: am-ɣo, am-dö-ko 2 (ЯЖУ 15) Khakassian: am 1, am-dɨ-ɣɨ, am-ɣɨ 2
Shor: am, amdɨ 1, amdɨɣɨ 2, am-oq 'at once'
Yakut: anɨ ( < *am-dɨ) 1
Dolgan: anɨ 1
Tuva: am 1, amɣɨ 2, amdɨ̄ (< amdɨɣɨ) 'the same'
Tofalar: am, amdɨ ́, amɣɨ̄ 2
Proto-Turkic: *(i)anduk ( ~ -nt-)
Meaning: a k. of lynx
Russian meaning: вид хищника
Turkish: andɨk 'вид гиены', Osm. anduq
Middle Turkic: andɨq 'espèce de loup cervier' (Pav. C. ) Proto-Turkic: *(i)ańɨg
Meaning: sin, evil
Russian meaning: грех, зло
Old Turkic: ańɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.), ajɨɣ (OUygh.)
Yakut: aj̃ɨ̄
Dolgan: ańɨ̄
Proto-Turkic: *(i)aŋɨŕ
Meaning: stubble-field
Russian meaning: жнивье, сжатое поле
Proto-Turkic: *iāčɨ-g
Meaning: bitter, acid
Russian meaning: горький, кислый
Old Turkic: ačɨɣ (OUygh.)
Turkish: aǯɨ
Tatar: ačɨ
Uzbek: ačči, ɔčči (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: aǯɨ
Turkmen: āǯɨ, āǯɨɣ
Oyrat: aču
Halaj: hāčuɣ, hāčuq
Chuvash: jüźǝ
Yakut: ahɨ̄
Dolgan: ahɨ̄
Tuva: ažɨɣ
Tofalar: aǯɨɣ
Kazakh: aššɨ
Noghai: ašɨ
Bashkir: asɨ
Balkar: ačɨ
Gagauz: aǯi
Karaim: aǯɨ, ačɨ
Karakalpak: aššɨ
Salar: āǯɨ
Kumyk: aččɨ
Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 89-93, Егоров 82, Мудрак 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *iāčɨ- 'to become bitter, sour'.Proto-Turkic: *(i)āg-
Meaning: to rise
Russian meaning: подниматься
Old Turkic: aɣ- (Yen., OUygh.), aɣ-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.)
Middle Turkic: aɣ-
Turkmen: āɣ- 'to overflow'
Bashkir: awa-la- (of the sun)
Gagauz: ā- 'to vaporize'
Comments: EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)āg- (а:ɣ- I) 'to rise' and *iāg- (а:ɣ II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems aɣ- 'to rise' and aɣna- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct.Proto-Turkic: *iāg-, *iāg-na-
Meaning: 1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall
Russian meaning: 1 падать, опрокидываться, свешиваться 2 перелезать 3 валяться, перекатываться 4 ронять, опрокидывать
Old Turkic: aɣna- 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: aɣna- 3 (MK , KB ) Turkish: aɣ- 1, aɣdɨr- 2, aɣɨn- 3
Tatar: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3
Middle Turkic: aɣna- 3
Uzbek: ɔɣ- 1, ɔɣna- 3
Uighur: aɣ- 1
Sary-Yughur: aɣɨna- 3 (ЯЖУ 11) Azerbaidzhan: aɣna- 3
Turkmen: āɣ- 1, 2, āɣ-dar- 4, āɣɨna- 3
Khakassian: aŋ-dar- 4
Shor: aŋ-dar- 4
Oyrat: aŋ-tar- 4, aŋ-da- (<*aŋ-na-) 3
Halaj: hāɣa, hɔ̄ɣa 'back, in the back'
Chuvash: jъʷvan- 1, 4
Yakut: āŋ-na- 3
Tuva: aŋda-r- 4, aŋda-š- 3
Kirghiz: ō- 1, ōna- 3
Kazakh: aw-dar- 4, awna- 3
Noghai: av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3
Bashkir: aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3
Balkar: aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3
Karaim: avdar- 4, av-ɣa-la-n- 3
Karakalpak: aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3
Kumyk: av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3
Comments: EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like aŋ-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *iāg-ɨn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *iāg-ɨn- but rather *iāg-na-).Proto-Turkic: *(i)āka
Meaning: 1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elder
Russian meaning: 1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старший
Old Turkic: aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС ) Turkish: aɣa 1, 2
Tatar: aɣa 1, 2
Middle Turkic: aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), aɣa 1 (Abush. ), aqa (Pav. C. ) 1 Uzbek: ɔɣa 1
Uighur: aɣa 1
Sary-Yughur: aqa 1,2, qɨz aɣa 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13) Azerbaidzhan: aɣa 2
Turkmen: āGa 1
Khakassian: aɣa 1 ('father's father')
Shor: aqqa 'father's father'
Oyrat: aqa 1, 2
Halaj: aɣa 2
Yakut: aɣa 1 ('father'), 3
Dolgan: aga 'father'
Tuva: aqɨ 1
Tofalar: aɣa 1
Kirghiz: aɣa 1
Kazakh: aɣa 1, 3
Noghai: aɣa 1, 2
Bashkir: aɣaj 1, 2
Gagauz: aɣa 1, 2
Karaim: aqa 2 (K), aɣa 2, 3 (K, T)
Karakalpak: aɣa 1, 2
Kumyk: aɣa 1, 2
Comments: VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere.Proto-Turkic: *(i)āĺ-
Meaning: 1 to cross (a mountain) 2 to surpass
Russian meaning: 1 переходить (через гору) 2 превосходить
Old Turkic: aš- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: aš- 1
Tatar: aš- 2
Middle Turkic: aš- 1, 2
Uzbek: ɔš- 1, 2
Uighur: aš- 1, 2
Sary-Yughur: as- 1
Azerbaidzhan: aš- 1
Turkmen: āš- 1, 2
Khakassian: as- 1, 2
Shor: as- 1, 2
Oyrat: aš- 1, 2
Halaj: āš- 1
Yakut: ās- 1, 2
Dolgan: ās- 'to go by'
Tuva: aš- 1, 2
Kirghiz: aš- 1, 2
Kazakh: as- 1, 2
Bashkir: aš- 2
Gagauz: aš- 'to go beyond the range of vision'
Karaim: aš- 1, 2
Karakalpak: as- 1
Proto-Turkic: *(i)āra
Meaning: 1 space between 2 on one's way, under way
Russian meaning: 1 промежуток, пространство между 2 в пути, по дороге
Old Turkic: ara 1 Orkh., OUygh.
Turkish: ara
Tatar: ara
Uzbek: ɔra
Uighur: ara
Sary-Yughur: ara
Azerbaidzhan: ara
Turkmen: āra 1
Khakassian: ara
Shor: ara
Oyrat: ara
Halaj: hāra
Yakut: āra 2
Dolgan: āra-k- 'to go away', ārā- 'not to reach'
Tuva: ara
Kirghiz: ara
Kazakh: ara
Noghai: ara
Bashkir: ara
Balkar: ara
Gagauz: āra
Karaim: ara
Karakalpak: ara
Kumyk: ara
Comments: EDT 196, VEWT 22, TMN 2, 24, ЭСТЯ 1, 162-164, Stachowski 41. Derived is probably *ārɨk 'island; arik, ditch; thicket' id. (VEWT 23, 25, ЭСТЯ 1, 167, 187-188, Лексика 95, 110, Stachowski 37).Proto-Turkic: *(i)ātag
Meaning: 1 sacrifice 2 price, sale 3 engagement, votive 4 gift
Russian meaning: 1 жертвоприношение 2 цена, продажа 3 помолвка, обет 4 подарок
Turkish: adaɣ 1, 3, 4
Azerbaidzhan: adax 3
Turkmen: ādaG 3
Shor: ada 1
Yakut: atɨ̄ 2
Comments: VEWT 5. All the listed forms may be derived from *āta- `to name' ( < *āt `name'), but the specific meanings rather suggest a secondary contamination.Proto-Turkic: *ič-
Meaning: to drink
Russian meaning: пить
Old Turkic: ič- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: ič-
Tatar: eč-
Uzbek: ič-
Uighur: ič-
Sary-Yughur: ɨš-
Azerbaidzhan: ič-
Turkmen: ič-
Khakassian: ǝs-
Shor: iš-, eš- (R., Верб. ) Oyrat: ič-
Halaj: ič-
Chuvash: ǝś-
Yakut: is-
Dolgan: is-
Tuva: iš-
Tofalar: iš-
Kirghiz: ič-
Kazakh: iš-
Noghai: iš-
Bashkir: es-
Balkar: ič-
Gagauz: ič-
Karaim: ič-
Karakalpak: iš-
Salar: īč-
Kumyk: ič-
Proto-Turkic: *ič
Meaning: 1 interior of smth. 2 intestines 3 belly
Russian meaning: 1 внутренность 2 кишки 3 живот
Old Turkic: ič (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ičegü 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: ič 1 (MK , KB )Turkish: ič 1
Tatar: eč 1
Uighur: ič 1
Sary-Yughur: hiǯigɨ 3
Azerbaidzhan: ič 1
Turkmen: ič 1, ičege 2
Khakassian: isker 1
Halaj: ič 1, ičgär 2
Chuvash: ъš 1
Yakut: is 1
Dolgan: is 1
Tuva: i'žin 3
Tofalar: i'šti 1, 2
Kirghiz: ič 1, ičegi 2
Kazakh: iš 1
Balkar: ič 1
Karakalpak: ši 3
Proto-Turkic: *ide (/*ede)
Meaning: very, of course, emphatic adverb
Russian meaning: очень, усилительное наречие
Old Turkic: idi (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: iδi (KB ); iδrig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu) Tatar: eje
Khakassian: ǝze
Shor: eze
Chuvash: ara
Yakut: iti
Tuva: ide
Kirghiz: iji
Kazakh: ije
Bashkir: eje
Comments: EDT 41, 65, ЭСТЯ 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ЭСТЯ , have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar. , Kypch., Osm. ineŋ, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.Proto-Turkic: *ijik
Meaning: spindle
Russian meaning: веретено
Karakhanid: ik, jik, ijik (MK )Turkish: iɣ, ij, iji
Uzbek: ik, jik, ǯik
Sary-Yughur: ǯik
Azerbaidzhan: ij
Turkmen: īk
Shor: īk
Oyrat: īk, ijik
Chuvash: jǝge
Kirghiz: ijik
Gagauz: ī
Karakalpak: ijik
Comments: VEWT 170, EDT 99, ЭСТЯ 1, 336-337, Егоров 77. Az., Turk., Gag. have a secondary voicing due to early contraction *-iji- > *-ī-. Turk. > Mong. ig 'spindle' (Щербак 1997 , 123); the derivative *ijik-lig (Chag. ikliɣ 'violin', cf. Khak. īk id. (see VEWT 179) > Kalm. ikǝĺǝ (KW 206).Proto-Turkic: *iler-
Meaning: to be dimly visible
Russian meaning: быть смутно видимым
Oyrat: eles 'silhouette, ghost', eleste- 'be dimly visible'
Comments: EDT 150. The form attested in MK cannot be a mongolism (primarily for semantic reasons); however, Mong. ilere- also cannot be a Turkism, being rather derived from Mong. ile. Modern Turkic forms - Tuva ilere-, Oyr. iler- 'to become visible' are obvious late mongolisms.Proto-Turkic: *il(i)k
Meaning: front, before, East
Russian meaning: перед, впереди, восток
Old Turkic: ilki (OUygh.)
Turkish: ilk
Tatar: ĭlĭk
Uzbek: ilk
Azerbaidzhan: ilk, ilki
Turkmen: ilki
Halaj: ilgär
Chuvash: ǝlǝk
Yakut: il-in, il-iŋ (ilik 'one who is not yet...')
Dolgan: ilin; ilik 'not yet', iligine 'before'
Tuva: elek
Bashkir: ĭlĭk
Gagauz: jilk
Karaim: ilk
Proto-Turkic: *ilme
Meaning: 1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree
Russian meaning: 1 осина 2 ильм, вяз
Tatar: elmä 2
Chuvash: jǝʷlme 2
Noghai: elmen 1
Balkar: elme 1
Kumyk: elme 2
Comments: VEWT 338, Егоров 78, Федотов 1, 194, Дмитриева 189, Лексика 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. ильм is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Егоров ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l̥mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i̯ule).Proto-Turkic: *im-
Meaning: 1 public gathering 2 to gather 3 collective work
Russian meaning: 1 народное собрание 2 собирать 3 помочь, общий труд
Old Turkic: imer- 2
Turkish: imeǯe 3
Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 633-634.Proto-Turkic: *imen
Meaning: oak tree
Russian meaning: дуб
Tatar: imɛn
Uzbek: eman
Turkmen: imen
Oyrat: ermen
Chuvash: joman, NW öman
Comments: VEWT 42, Егоров 348, Лексика 124, Федотов 2, 485. Cf. Mong. iman bor 'a k. of reddish tree (with black bark and round leaves)' (may be a Turkism).turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-sjg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-jak,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-alt,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chv,turcet-nogx,turcet-blkx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-reference,turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,
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