Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *īr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shame, be ashamed, frighten away

Russian meaning: стыд, стыдиться, отпугивать

Karakhanid: ir-, iril- (MK)

Turkmen: īr-

Khakassian: irǝk- 'to languish, be bored'

Chuvash: jǝrǝn-

Yakut: īr- 'to rave, become crazy'

Comments: EDT 192, VEWT 173, (incorrect in) Егоров 80.

Proto-Turkic: *īŕ / *ɨ̄ŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 trace 2 furrow

Russian meaning: 1 след 2 борозда, межа

Old Turkic: iz 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: iz 1 (MK)

Turkish: iz 1

Tatar: ĭz 1, ɨzan 2

Middle Turkic: iz 1 (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: iz 1

Uighur: iz 1

Sary-Yughur: is 1

Azerbaidzhan: iz 1

Turkmen: ɨ̄z 1

Khakassian: ĭs 1

Oyrat: is 1

Chuvash: jǝr 1, jъran 2

Tuva: is 1

Kirghiz: iz 1

Kazakh: ĭz 1

Noghai: ɨz 1, ɨzan 2

Bashkir: ĭδ 1, ɨδan 2

Balkar: ɨz 1

Gagauz: jiz 1

Karaim: iz, ɨz 1

Karakalpak: iz 1

Kumyk: hɨzan 2

Comments: EDT 277, ЭСТЯ 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Егоров 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *īŕ-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ЭСТЯ 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *īr-te- (with *-ŕ- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irdē-, see Stachowski 128.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨč-, *ɨč-gɨn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lose, disappear

Russian meaning: терять(ся), пропадать

Old Turkic: ɨčɣɨn- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨčɣɨn- (MK), ɨč- (KB)

Tatar: ɨčqɨn-

Middle Turkic: ɨčqɨn- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Khakassian: ɨsxɨn-

Shor: ɨšqɨn-

Oyrat: ɨčqɨn-, ɨqčɨn-

Yakut: ɨhɨgɨn-

Tuva: ɨšqɨn-

Kirghiz: ɨčqɨn-

Noghai: ɨšqɨn-

Bashkir: ɨsqɨn-

Balkar: ɨčxɨn-

Kumyk: išɣɨn-

Comments: VEWT 164, ЭСТЯ 1, 672-673, ДТС 216.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨduk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sacred

Russian meaning: священный

Old Turkic: ɨduq (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨδuq (MK)

Khakassian: ɨzɨx

Oyrat: ɨjɨq, ijik

Chuvash: jǝrǝx

Yakut: ɨtɨq

Tuva: ɨdɨq

Kirghiz: ɨjɨq

Balkar: ɨjɨq

Comments: EDT 46, ЭСТЯ 1, 649-650, Егоров 80, Федотов 199, TMN 230-231 (most sources give a dubious inner Turkic derivation < *ɨd- 'to send', based on the old gloss in MK - most probably a folk etymology).

Proto-Turkic: *ɨjŋa-la-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cry, weep

Russian meaning: плакать, рыдать

Karakhanid: aŋɨla- 'to cry, howl (of a donkey)' (МК) (?)

Turkish: inle-, dial. iŋile-

Tatar: eŋgelde-

Middle Turkic: OKypch. iŋle- (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: ingala-

Azerbaidzhan: inlä-

Turkmen: iŋle-

Khakassian: ɨlɣa-

Shor: ɨlɣa-

Oyrat: ɨjla-

Halaj: ị̄län-

Yakut: ɨj̃ɨla-

Tuva: ɨjɨla-, ɨɨla-

Kirghiz: ɨjla-

Kazakh: ɨnqɨl-da-

Bashkir: ɨjla-

Gagauz: inne-

Karaim: inle-

Karakalpak: ɨŋɨl-da-

Comments: VEWT 172, EDT 186, ЭСТЯ 1, 366-367.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨjs

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes

Russian meaning: 1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения

Turkish: is 2

Tatar: is 3

Uighur: is 1

Azerbaidzhan: his 2

Turkmen: ɨ̄s 3

Chuvash: jъs 3

Yakut: ɨ̄s 1, 2

Dolgan: ɨ̄s 1, 2

Kirghiz: is 4

Noghai: ijis 3

Karakalpak: ijis 3

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 379, Егоров 76, Stachowski 263. The original meaning must have been 'smell, odour', see notes to *ɨ̄ĺ(č) (cf. the opposition ɨs 'soot' - ijis 'smell' in Nogai etc.).

Proto-Turkic: *ɨ, *ɨ-(ń)gač

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tree

Russian meaning: 1 дерево 2 лес

Old Turkic: ɨɣač (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: jɨɣač (MK) 1

Turkish: aɣač 1

Tatar: aɣač 1

Middle Turkic: aɣaǯ (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: jɔɣɔč 1

Uighur: jaɣač 1

Sary-Yughur: jiɣaš 1

Azerbaidzhan: aɣač 1

Turkmen: aGač 1

Khakassian: aɣas 1, 2

Shor: aɣaš 1, 2

Oyrat: aɣaš 1, 2

Halaj: haɣač 1

Chuvash: jɨvъś 1

Yakut: mas 1

Dolgan: mas 1

Tuva: ɨ̃jaš 1, 2

Tofalar: ńɛš 1

Kirghiz: ǯɨɣač 1

Kazakh: aɣaš 1, 2

Noghai: aɣas 1, 2

Bashkir: aɣas 1

Balkar: aɣač 1, 2

Gagauz: āč 1

Karaim: aɣač, -c 1

Karakalpak: aɣaš 1

Salar: aɣač, -š 1 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: aɣač 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 71-73, TMN 2, 73f, EDT 79-80, Егоров 83, Лексика 104, Stachowski 176. The form contains perhaps PT *ɨ 'bush, tree' as the first component (for OT ɨ see EDT 1), cf. the OT combination ɨ ɨɣač; but the second element is yet unclear.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨĺan- / *iĺen-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to believe, trust

Russian meaning: верить, доверять

Karakhanid: išen- (MK, KB)

Turkish: ɨšan- (dial.)

Tatar: ɨšan-

Middle Turkic: ɨšan- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: išɔn-

Uighur: išan-, išän-

Sary-Yughur: isen-

Turkmen: ɨšan-

Khakassian: ĭzen-

Oyrat: ižen-

Chuvash: šan-, žen- (NW)

Yakut: isen- (Пек.)

Kirghiz: išen-

Kazakh: sen-

Noghai: sen-

Bashkir: ɨšan-

Balkar: išan-

Karaim: ɨšan-

Karakalpak: isen-

Comments: EDT 264, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 673-674.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨĺɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rub, scrape 2 jack-plane

Russian meaning: 1 тереть, царапать 2 рубанок

Tatar: ɨšɨ- 1, ɨšqɨ 2

Balkar: ɨši- 1

Comments: VEWT 167, ЭСТЯ 1, 667. Despite some mergers with *jɨĺ- (v. sub *ńiĺu), cf. Bashk. jɨšɨ-, jɨšqɨ, this appears to be a separate root.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨm

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sign

Russian meaning: знак

Karakhanid: im (~ɨm) (MK)

Turkish: im

Tatar: ɨm

Middle Turkic: ɨm (Pav. C.)

Turkmen: üm

Oyrat: um

Yakut: im

Dolgan: imnēk 'signed'

Tuva: im

Kirghiz: ɨm

Kazakh: ɨm

Noghai: ɨm

Bashkir: ɨm

Karakalpak: ɨm

Kumyk: jum

Comments: EDT 155, VEWT 171, ЭСТЯ 1, 278, 632-633, Stachowski 126.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨna-

Meaning: to trust, rely on

Russian meaning: доверять, полагаться на

Old Turkic: ɨna-n- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨna-n- (MK)

Turkmen: ɨnan-

Chuvash: nen-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 654-656, VEWT 165 (cf. also *ɨn-gaj 'direction'). Turk. *ɨna-k > WMong. inaɣ (see TMN 2, 219, Щербак 1997, 163).

Proto-Turkic: *ɨ-na-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: that

Russian meaning: тот

Turkmen: ɨna-ru

Halaj: ɨ́na

Tuva: ɨnda `there', ɨndɨɣ 'such'

Tofalar: ɨnda `there'

Proto-Turkic: *ɨn-tɨk (~ *e-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to breathe heavily

Russian meaning: тяжело дышать

Tatar: intek- 'to become tired, exhausted'

Chuvash: andъx-

Tuva: ɨndɨnnɨɣ 'panting, alarmed'

Kirghiz: ɨntɨq-

Kazakh: ɨntɨɣ-

Bashkir: intek-

Comments: Егоров 29, Федотов 1,49.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨŋɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dusk

Russian meaning: дымка, сумерки

Old Turkic: iŋir (~ ɨŋɨr) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: iŋir (MK), imir (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: inirik, iŋrik (dial.), ümez 'fog'

Tatar: ĭŋgĭr

Uzbek: ümür, imir

Sary-Yughur: iŋer, jiŋɨr

Turkmen: ümür, iŋrik

Khakassian: īr

Shor: īr, ɨnar

Oyrat: iŋir, īr, ɨnɨr

Halaj: ä́ŋgür, ä́ŋgụ̈r

Chuvash: ǝnǝrǝk; ǝner 'yesterday'

Yakut: im 'morning and evening dawn'

Dolgan: im 'morning and evening dawn'

Tuva: imir

Kirghiz: iŋir, ɨŋɨrt, iŋirt

Kazakh: ĭŋĭr, ɨmɨrt, imirt

Bashkir: ĭŋĭr

Balkar: iŋir

Karaim: iŋir, ɨŋɣɨr

Karakalpak: iŋir, ɨmɨrt

Comments: EDT 162, 188, VEWT 172, ЭСТЯ 1, 354-356, Егоров 64-65, Лексика 34-35, 81, 83. Mudrak (Лексика 83) separates forms with -m-, comparing them with Evk. umulge 'shadow'.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨŋɨra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to neigh 2 to bellow, purr

Russian meaning: 1 ржать 2 реветь, визжать, мурлыкать

Karakhanid: ɨŋra- (MK)

Turkmen: ɨŋra-

Chuvash: ǝnǝr- 2

Yakut: ɨŋɨran- 1

Bashkir: ɨŋɨran- 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 658, Егоров 65, Мудрак 73.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 prediction, luck 2 omen 3 premonition

Russian meaning: 1 предсказание, счастье 2 знамение 3 предчувствие

Old Turkic: ɨrk 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨrk 1 (MK)

Turkish: ɨrk 1

Sary-Yughur: ɨrq 1

Khakassian: ɨrɨx 1, ɨrɨs 1

Shor: ɨrɨs 1

Oyrat: ɨrɨs 1

Chuvash: ǝrex 'soul; expedience'

Yakut: ɨrā 3

Kirghiz: ɨrk 'welfare', ɨrɨs 1

Kazakh: ɨrɨq 1

Noghai: ɨrk 3, ɨrɨs 1

Bashkir: ɨrɨχ 1 (dial.)

Balkar: ɨrɨs 1

Karaim: ɨrɨz 'dignity'

Karakalpak: ɨrɨs 1

Kumyk: ɨrɨs 1

Comments: VEWT 166, 167, EDT 213, ОСНЯ 3, 119-120, ЭСТЯ 1, 665.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: song

Russian meaning: песня

Old Turkic: ɨr (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨr (MK)

Turkish: ɨr (dial.)

Tatar: ɨr (dial.)

Middle Turkic: ɨr (Pav. C., AH)

Turkmen: ɨr (dial.)

Khakassian: ɨr

Oyrat: ɨr

Yakut: ɨrɨa

Dolgan: ɨrɨa

Tuva: ɨr

Tofalar: ɨr

Kirghiz: ɨr

Comments: EDT 192, VEWT 166, 201, Лексика 610, Stachowski 261. The root should be kept distinct from *jɨr, although actively contaminating.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr- / *ir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: omen

Russian meaning: знамение; суеверие

Old Turkic: irü (OUygh.)

Turkish: ɨrɨm (dial.)

Tatar: ɨrɨm

Middle Turkic: ɨrɨm (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: irim

Uighur: irim

Turkmen: ɨrɨm

Khakassian: rɨm (R)

Shor: rɨm (R)

Oyrat: ɨrɨm

Tuva: ɨrɨm 'плохое самочувствие'

Kirghiz: ɨrɨm

Kazakh: ɨrɨm

Noghai: ɨrɨm

Bashkir: ɨrɨm

Karakalpak: ɨrɨm

Comments: EDT 197, VEWT 166, ОСНЯ 3, 120, ЭСТЯ 1, 666. Back row in modern languages may be due to contamination with *ɨr-, q. v. sub *p`ĭru.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: character, disposition

Russian meaning: характер, расположение

Turkish: ɨra

Tatar: ɨraj (dial.)

Oyrat: ɨra

Kirghiz: ɨraj

Karakalpak: ɨraj

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 659-660.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨra-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: far, distant

Russian meaning: далекий

Old Turkic: ɨraq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jɨraq (MK, KB)

Turkish: ɨrak adv.

Tatar: jɨraq

Middle Turkic: jɨraq (Pav. C., MA), ɨraq (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jirɔq, irɔq

Uighur: jiraq

Sary-Yughur: jiraq, jürɨq

Azerbaidzhan: iraG adv.

Turkmen: ɨrāq (арх.)

Khakassian: ɨrax

Oyrat: ɨraq, raq

Halaj: hɨrāq

Yakut: ɨrāx

Dolgan: ɨrāk

Tuva: ɨraq

Tofalar: ɨraq

Kirghiz: ɨraaq

Kazakh: žɨraq

Bashkir: jɨraq

Gagauz: jɨraq

Karaim: jɨraq

Karakalpak: ɨraq, žɨraq

Salar: jɨrax

Kumyk: jɨraq

Comments: PT*ɨra-k- is derived from *ɨra- 'to be far'. See EDT 198, 214, ЭСТЯ 4, 286-287, Stachowski 261.