Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *jā(j)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bow

Russian meaning: лук

Old Turkic: ja (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ja (MK)

Turkish: jaj

Tatar: jɛjɛ, ǯɛjɛ

Middle Turkic: jaj (Ettuhf.), ja (Houts.)

Uzbek: jɔj

Uighur: ja

Sary-Yughur: ja 'arrow'

Azerbaidzhan: jaj

Turkmen: jāj

Khakassian: čā-ǯax

Shor: nan 'bow', jan-čak 'small bow'

Oyrat: d́ā 'arrow'

Chuvash: śu (in ok-śu)

Yakut: sā

Dolgan: hā, sā

Tuva: ča

Tofalar: ča

Kirghiz: ǯaj, ǯā

Kazakh: žaj

Noghai: jaj

Bashkir: jäjä, jan

Balkar: ǯaja

Gagauz: jaj, jajɨ

Karaim: jaj

Karakalpak: žaj

Comments: VEWT 186, EDT 869, TMN 4, 121-122, ЭСТЯ 4, 75, Лексика 570, Федотов 2, 274, Stachowski 99, 209.

Proto-Turkic: *jāj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 summer 2 summer pasture 3 spring

Russian meaning: 1 лето 2 летнее пастбище 3 весна

Old Turkic: jaj (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, 3

Karakhanid: jaj (MK) 1, 3

Turkish: jaj-la 2

Middle Turkic: jaj 1 (AH, Ettuhf.)

Sary-Yughur: jaj 1

Azerbaidzhan: jaj 1, jajla 2

Turkmen: jāj-la 2

Khakassian: čaj 1

Shor: čaj 1

Oyrat: jaj, d́aj 1

Chuvash: śu, śъv 1

Yakut: saj 1

Dolgan: hajɨn 1

Tuva: čaj 1

Tofalar: čaj 1

Kirghiz: ǯaj 1

Noghai: jaj 3 (dial.)

Bashkir: jej 1

Balkar: ǯaj, žaj, zaj 1

Salar: jij 1

Kumyk: jaj 1

Comments: VEWT 179, ЭСТЯ 4, 74, 78-79, EDT 980, Лексика 74, Федотов 2, 128, Stachowski 93.

Proto-Turkic: *jājɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sheat-fish 2 salmon

Russian meaning: 1 сом 2 лосось, семга

Turkish: jajɨn 2

Tatar: ǯɛjen 1

Middle Turkic: jajɨn 2 (AH)

Turkmen: jājɨn 1

Chuvash: śojъn, śoin (dial.) 1

Kirghiz: ǯajɨn 1

Kazakh: žajɨn 1

Noghai: jajɨn 1

Bashkir: jäjen 1

Karakalpak: žajɨn 1

Comments: VEWT 179, ЭСТЯ 4, 80-81, Лексика 178, Федотов 2, 129.

Proto-Turkic: *jāk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: side

Russian meaning: сторона

Tatar: jaq, ǯaq

Middle Turkic: jaq (R), jaq (LOQ)

Uzbek: jɔq

Uighur: jaq

Sary-Yughur: jaq

Turkmen: jāq (dial.)

Kirghiz: ǯaq

Kazakh: žaq

Noghai: jaq

Bashkir: jaq

Karakalpak: žaq

Kumyk: jaq (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 180, ЭСТЯ 4, 82.

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: age; year

Russian meaning: возраст; год

Old Turkic: jaš (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaš (MK)

Turkish: jaš

Tatar: jaš

Middle Turkic: jaš (Ettuhf., AH)

Uzbek: jɔš

Uighur: jaš

Sary-Yughur: jas

Azerbaidzhan: jaš

Turkmen: jāš

Khakassian: čas

Shor: čaš

Oyrat: jaš, d́aš

Halaj: jāš

Chuvash: śol

Yakut: sās

Kirghiz: ǯaš

Kazakh: žas

Noghai: jas

Bashkir: jäš

Gagauz: jaš

Karaim: jaš

Karakalpak: žas

Salar: jaš

Kumyk: jaš

Comments: EDT 975-6, ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163, Федотов 2, 130, TMN 4, 97, Лексика 84.

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fresh, raw

Russian meaning: свежий, сырой

Old Turkic: jaš (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaš (MK)

Turkish: jaš

Middle Turkic: jaš (AH, Ettuhf.)

Azerbaidzhan: jaš

Turkmen: jāš

Khakassian: čas

Oyrat: jaš, d́aš

Tuva: čaš

Kirghiz: ǯaš

Kazakh: žas

Noghai: jas

Bashkir: jäš

Balkar: ǯaš, žaš, zaš

Gagauz: jaš

Karaim: jaš

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163, EDT 975-976, VEWT 192 (one of several *jāĺ roots). Within Turkic interacts actively (in fact almost completely merges with *jāĺ 'green' and *jāĺ 'young' - but all three roots, and, additionally, *jāĺ 'tear' and *jāĺ 'age' - seem to have different Altaic origins.

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tear

Russian meaning: слеза

Old Turkic: jaš (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaš (MK)

Turkish: jaš

Tatar: jɛš

Middle Turkic: jaš (AH, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jɔš

Uighur: jaš

Sary-Yughur: jas

Azerbaidzhan: jaš

Turkmen: jāš

Khakassian: čas

Oyrat: d́aš

Halaj: jāš

Chuvash: koś-śol

Tuva: čaš

Kirghiz: ǯaš

Kazakh: žas

Noghai: jas

Bashkir: jäš

Karaim: jaš

Karakalpak: žas

Salar: jaš

Kumyk: jaš

Comments: VEWT 192, EDT 975-976, Ашм. VII, 32, ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163 (because of external evidence should be distinguished both from *jāl' 'age' and *jāl' 'fresh, green').

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: young

Russian meaning: молодой

Turkish: jaš

Tatar: jɛš

Middle Turkic: jaš (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔš

Uighur: jaš

Sary-Yughur: jas

Turkmen: jāš

Khakassian: čas

Oyrat: jaš, d́aš

Tuva: čaš

Tofalar: češ

Kirghiz: ǯaš

Kazakh: žas

Noghai: jas

Balkar: ǯaš, žaš, zaš

Karaim: jaš, ješ

Karakalpak: žas

Salar: jaš

Kumyk: jaš

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 162, VEWT 192 (one of several *jāĺ roots; within Turkic hardly distinguishable from *jāĺ 'green vegetables; green', but historically different).

Proto-Turkic: *jāl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mane, counter, scruff

Russian meaning: холка, грива

Karakhanid: jal (MK)

Turkish: jal (dial.)

Tatar: jal

Middle Turkic: jal (AH)

Uzbek: jɔl

Uighur: jal

Azerbaidzhan: jal

Turkmen: jāl

Shor: čal

Oyrat: jal, d́al

Halaj: jāl

Yakut: sāl

Tuva: čal

Tofalar: čal

Kirghiz: ǯal

Kazakh: žal

Noghai: jal

Bashkir: jal

Balkar: ǯal

Karaim: jal; jalda- 'to swim grasping the horse's counter; to swim'

Karakalpak: žal

Kumyk: jal

Comments: Дыбо 220-222, EDT 916, ЭСТЯ 4, 85-86, 93-94 (for *jāl-da-), Лексика 146-147.

Proto-Turkic: *jāl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to ask, require 2 to hire, lease 3 price 4 servant 5 envoy 6 to be satisfied 7 to give satisfaction

Russian meaning: 1 просить, требовать 2 нанимать 3 цена, плата, наем 4 слуга 5 посол 6 получать удовлетворение, быть счастливым 7 давать удовлетворение

Old Turkic: jalvar-, jalɨn- (OUygh.) 1, jalabač (Orkh., Yen.), jalavač (OUygh.) 5, jalčɨ-t- 7 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jalvar- 1, jalavač, jalavar 5 (MK)

Turkish: jalvar- 1, jalavač 5

Tatar: jalvar-, jalɨn- 1, jalla- 2, jal (Буд.) 3

Middle Turkic: jalbar- 1 (MA), jalɨn- 1 (Abush.), jal (Буд.) 3, jalavač (AH) 5, jalčɨ- 6, 7 (Ettuhf., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jɔlwar-, jalin- 1, jɔllä- 2, jɔlči- 6

Uighur: jalbä(r)-, jalvar-, jelin- 1, jalči- 6

Azerbaidzhan: jalvar- 1

Turkmen: jalbar-, jalɨn- 1, jāllav 3, jālčɨ 4 (dial.)

Khakassian: čal 3

Oyrat: jal, d́al 3, jalbar-, d́albar-, jalɨn-, d́alɨn- 1

Tuva: čala-, čalwar-, čalɨn- 1

Kirghiz: ǯalbar-, ǯalɨn- 1, ǯal 3, ǯalčɨ- 6

Kazakh: žalbar-, žalɨn- 1, žal 3

Noghai: jalbar-, jalɨn- 1

Bashkir: jalbar-, jalɨn- 1, jalsɨ- 6

Balkar: žalɨn-, zalɨn- 1, zal 3

Gagauz: jalvar- 1

Karaim: jalbar-, jalvar- 1, jal 3, jalčɨ- 6

Karakalpak: žalbar- 1, žal 3, žalšɨ- 6

Kumyk: jalbar-, jalɨn- 1

Comments: VEWT 181-183, EDT 920, 921, 922, 931, ЭСТЯ 4, 84-85, 89, 92-93, 102-103, 107; TMN 4, 108, Щербак 1997, 121 (Turk. jalbar- > Mong. ǯalbari-). The root is no doubt archaic, but presents some problems: the deriving simple stem *jāl is attested late, and there seems to be no vowel length in the derivatives *jalɨn-, *jal-bar- (although this may be a later secondary shortening). The peculiar suffixation in jalbar-, jalabač, jalabar caused some authors (see, e.g., Clauson in EDT) to suspect a loanword, but its source is unclear and the forms may as well be genuine (as are certainly the forms *jāl, *jalɨn-).

Proto-Turkic: *jālga-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lick

Russian meaning: лизать

Old Turkic: jalɣa- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jalɣa-, jalva- (MK)

Turkish: jala-

Tatar: jala-

Middle Turkic: jala- (Pav. C., MA, AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jalä-

Uighur: jala-

Sary-Yughur: jalɣa-, jaɣla-

Azerbaidzhan: jala-

Turkmen: jāla-

Khakassian: čalɣa-

Shor: čalɣa-

Oyrat: jala-, d́ala-

Halaj: jalɣa-

Chuvash: śula- / śъvla

Yakut: salā-

Dolgan: halan-

Tuva: čɨlɣa-

Tofalar: čɨlɣa-

Kirghiz: ǯala-

Kazakh: žala-

Noghai: jala-

Bashkir: jala-

Gagauz: jala-

Karaim: jala-

Karakalpak: žala-

Salar: jala-

Kumyk: jala-

Comments: VEWT 182, EDT 926-927, ЭСТЯ 4, 87-88 (with Turkm. jala-), Федотов 2, 132, Stachowski 94. The deriving stem can perhaps be found in Turkish, Gag., Az. jal 'food, mash given to dogs, animals' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 85); cf. also *jalgak (ЭСТЯ 4, 90) 'dish for feeding animals'; *jalma- 'to lick' (ЭСТЯ 4, 95).

Proto-Turkic: *jāĺ-ɨl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 green 2 yellow

Russian meaning: 1 зеленый 2 желтый

Old Turkic: jašɨl (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: jašɨl (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: ješil 1

Tatar: jɛšel 1

Middle Turkic: jašɨl (MA) 1

Uzbek: jašil 1

Uighur: ješil 1

Sary-Yughur: jahsɨl 1

Azerbaidzhan: jašɨl 1

Turkmen: jāšɨl 1

Khakassian: čazɨl 1

Shor: čažɨl (R.) 1

Oyrat: d́ažɨl 1

Halaj: ja:šɨl 1

Chuvash: śulźa, śulǯa, śъvъlś 'leaf' ( = Bashk. jäšelsä 'greens, vegetables')

Yakut: saha-r- 2

Dolgan: haha-r- 2

Kirghiz: ǯašɨl 1

Kazakh: žasɨl 1

Noghai: jasɨl 1

Bashkir: jäšel 1

Balkar: žašil 1

Gagauz: ješil 1

Karaim: ješli 1

Karakalpak: žasɨl 1

Salar: jäšil 1

Kumyk: jašɨl 1

Comments: Derived from PT *jāĺ 'young, green vegetables' (OUygh. jaš, MK jaš, Turkm. jāš, see ЭСТЯ 4, 162, EDT 975, 976, Федотов 2, 134, Stachowski 93). This root is often mixed with homophonous *jāĺ 'tear' and *jāĺ 'age, year', see ЭСТЯ 4, 161-164 (all three roots have different Altaic etymologies). Turk. > Mong. jasil 'buckthorn' (Clark 1980, 41).

Proto-Turkic: *jān

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: side

Russian meaning: сторона

Old Turkic: jan (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jan (MK)

Turkish: jan

Tatar: jan

Middle Turkic: jan (Bor. Bad, Abush.)

Uighur: jan

Sary-Yughur: jan

Azerbaidzhan: jan

Turkmen: jān

Khakassian: nan, čan

Shor: čan

Oyrat: jan, d́an

Halaj: jān

Chuvash: śom

Tuva: čan

Kirghiz: ǯan

Kazakh: žan

Noghai: jan

Bashkir: jan

Balkar: ǯan, žan, zan

Gagauz: jan

Karaim: jan

Karakalpak: žan

Salar: jan

Kumyk: jan

Comments: VEWT 184, EDT 940, ЭСТЯ 4, 113, 118-119, TMN 4, 120, Федотов 2, 135. The word has an anatomical meaning ('hip') in old sources, but the meaning 'side' is also attested and must be more archaic, to judge from external evidence; the more abstract meaning in Chuvash ('vicinity') also supports 'side' as the original meaning.

Proto-Turkic: *jān(u)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to threaten

Russian meaning: угрожать

Old Turkic: jan- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jan- (MK)

Tatar: jana-, dial. janu-

Uzbek: jan-

Uighur: ǯonu-

Azerbaidzhan: janɨ- (dial.)

Turkmen: jān-ǯa- 'to reproach'

Yakut: sān-

Bashkir: jana-

Balkar: žan-, žaŋ-, ǯanɨ-, zanɨ-

Gagauz: jān-

Comments: VEWT 184, EDT 942, ЭСТЯ 4, 114, Лексика 564. Turk. > WMong. ǯanu-, Kalm. zan- (KW 466). The Turkm. form is related to *jenč- 'crush' in ЭСТЯ 185; the latter has also a variant *janč-, and the Turkm. form may in fact reflect a contamination of these two roots.

Proto-Turkic: *jāp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: canal, ditch

Russian meaning: канал

Middle Turkic: jap (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jɔp

Turkmen: jāp

Kirghiz: ǯap

Kazakh: žap

Karakalpak: žap

Comments: VEWT 187, ЭСТЯ 4, 129 (with suggestion of an Iranian source: Khwar. yāb 'water').

Proto-Turkic: *jāpa(k)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wooden fork 2 shovel

Russian meaning: 1 деревянные вилы 2 лопата

Turkish: jaba 1, dial. 2

Tatar: jaba

Middle Turkic: japa (Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: jāwa (dial.) 1

Azerbaidzhan: jaba 1

Turkmen: jābaq, jāba 1

Kazakh: žaba (dial.) 1

Gagauz: jaba 1

Karaim: ǯaba 2

Karakalpak: žaba 1

Salar: jōwa, jowa 1

Comments: VEWT 187, ЭСТЯ 4, 45. Not quite clear are fronted cognates: Yak. seb, Kumd. jep, Tat., Bashk. jǝp 'fork, bifurcation'.

Proto-Turkic: *jāŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 spring 2 summer

Russian meaning: 1 весна 2 лето

Old Turkic: jaz 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaz 2 (MK)

Turkish: jaz 2

Tatar: jaz 1

Middle Turkic: jaz (AH 1, Ettuhf. 2)

Uzbek: jɔz 2

Uighur: jaz 2

Sary-Yughur: jaz 1

Azerbaidzhan: jaz 1

Turkmen: jāz 1

Khakassian: čas 1

Oyrat: jas, d́as 1

Halaj: jāz 2

Chuvash: śor 1

Yakut: sās 1

Dolgan: hās 1

Tuva: čas 1

Tofalar: čaš 1

Kirghiz: ǯaz 1

Kazakh: žaz 2

Noghai: jaz 2

Bashkir: jaδ 1

Balkar: zaz 2

Gagauz: jāz 2

Karaim: jaz 1

Karakalpak: žaz 2

Salar: jaz 1

Kumyk: jaz 1

Comments: VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 71, EDT 982, Лексика 73, Федотов 2, 138-139, Stachowski 100.

Proto-Turkic: *jạ̄r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: precipice, steep bank

Russian meaning: обрыв, крутой берег

Karakhanid: jar (MK)

Turkish: jar

Tatar: jar

Middle Turkic: jar (Ettuhf., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ǯar

Uighur: jar

Azerbaidzhan: jar-Gan

Turkmen: jār

Khakassian: čar

Oyrat: d́ar

Chuvash: śɨr

Yakut: sɨ̄r

Dolgan: hɨ̄r

Kirghiz: ǯar

Kazakh: žar

Noghai: jar

Bashkir: jar

Gagauz: jar

Karaim: jar

Kumyk: jar

Comments: EDT 953-954, VEWT 188-9, ЭСТЯ 4, 17-18, Stachowski 121.

Proto-Turkic: *jạ̄ŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to miss, sin

Russian meaning: промахиваться, грешить

Old Turkic: jaz- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaz- (MK)

Turkish: jazɨk (n.)

Tatar: jaz-

Middle Turkic: jaz- (Pav. C., AH)

Uzbek: jɔz-

Azerbaidzhan: jazɨG (n.)

Turkmen: jāz-, jāzɨq (n.)

Khakassian: čas-

Oyrat: jas-, d́as-

Yakut: sɨ̄s-

Dolgan: hɨ̄s-

Tuva: čas-

Kirghiz: ǯaz-

Kazakh: žaz-

Noghai: jazɨq (n.)

Bashkir: jaδ-

Balkar: ǯaz-

Gagauz: jazɨq (n.)

Karakalpak: žaz-

Kumyk: jazɨq (n.)

Comments: VEWT 193 (should be distinguished from *āŕ-), ЭСТЯ 4, 72-73, TMN 4, 162, EDT 983-984, Stachowski 121.

Proto-Turkic: *jār-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to split 2 split, crack

Russian meaning: 1 рассекать, раскалывать 2 щель, трещина

Old Turkic: jar- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jar- 1 (MK)

Turkish: jar- 1

Tatar: jar- 1

Middle Turkic: jar- 1 (AH)

Uzbek: jɔr- 1

Uighur: ja(r)- 1

Sary-Yughur: jar- 1

Azerbaidzhan: jar- 1, jar-ɨG 2

Turkmen: jār- 1

Khakassian: čar- 1

Shor: čar- 1

Oyrat: jar-, d́ar- 1

Chuvash: śor- 1

Yakut: sar-kāx (adj.) 'split'

Dolgan: sar-kāk (adj.) 'split'

Tuva: čar- 1

Kirghiz: ǯar- 1

Kazakh: žar- 1

Noghai: jar- 1

Bashkir: jar- 1

Balkar: ǯar- 1

Gagauz: jar- 1

Karaim: jar- 1

Karakalpak: žar- 1

Salar: jar- 1

Kumyk: jar- 1

Comments: EDT 954-955, VEWT 188-189, ЭСТЯ 4, 135-137, Федотов 2, 139, Stachowski 209. Very widespread are the derivatives *jārɨk, *jārma 'crack, split' (see ЭСТЯ ibid.); Turk. *jārɨm 'half' (ЭСТЯ 4, 147) > Mong. ǯarim, ǯarimduq (KW 470, Щербак 1997, 123).