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Peripheral Khoisan etymology : Search within this database Total of 970 records 49 pages
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Forward: 1 20 \data\bush\bshet
Number : 1
Proto-Bushman : *wV
Meaning : all
Proto-Ju : *we(-še)
Proto-Taa : *húʔu
Proto-!Wi : *hu-
Notes : The relation between NK and SK is a little dubious due to the phonetic exclusiveness of the root (initial *w- !), but not excluded.
Number : 2
Proto-Bushman : *kV
Meaning : all
Proto-Taa : *[ko] kà-
Proto-!Wi : *kV-
Notes : A common South Khoisan pronominal morpheme with no obvious NK connections.
Number : 3
Proto-Bushman : *xV
Meaning : interrogative particle
Proto-!Wi : *xa
ǂHoan : *xe
Number : 4
Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀ1 hɛ[i]
Meaning : many
Proto-Ju : *ǂʰi
Proto-Taa : *ǀǀá-
Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀa
ǂHoan : *ǂhi
Number : 5
Proto-Bushman : *to̰
Meaning : ashes
Proto-Ju : *toˤ
Notes : A good NK root with external parallels.
Number : 6
Proto-Bushman : *ɡǂoa
Meaning : ashes
Proto-Ju : *ɡǀǀoa
Proto-Taa : *ɡǂòa
ǂHoan : *ɡǂoʔa (?)
Notes : Inclusion of the ǂHoan parallel is dubious because of semantics and an unclear glottal stop. Note that at least some forms may have been borrowed from Central Khoisan (Zhuǀ'hoan ɡǂoah "soap" is most certainly one of these).
Number : 7
Proto-Bushman : *!qui
Meaning : to be burnt, ashes
Proto-Taa : *!ʔui
Proto-!Wi : *!qui
Notes : A SK isogloss.
Number : 8
Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀqʔɔ-
Meaning : dirt; ashes
Proto-Taa : *ǀǀqʔâńa
Proto-!Wi : *!hana (?)
ǂHoan : *ǀǀqʔoʔbu (?)
Notes : The ǂHoan form is perfectly comparable with the Taa form if we assume *-ńa and *-bu to be suffixes. The comparison with ǀAuni !hana is not very firm since there are no other occasions of the lateral click transcribed as the alveolar one in that language, but it is the best etymology so far in any case.
Number : 9
Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀǀGṵʔurV
Meaning : bark (of tree); to peel
Proto-Ju : *ɳǀǀoˤʔorV
Proto-Taa : *ɡǀǀqṵ̀rV
Number : 10
Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀo (?)
Meaning : skin
Proto-Ju : *ɳǀo
Notes : An isolated NK form.
Number : 11
Proto-Bushman : *gu
Meaning : bark
Proto-Taa : *gú
Proto-!Wi : *go (*ɡ!-)
Notes : The ǀǀNg form is dubious, but cases of "superfluous" click transcription in Bleek's dictionary are quite frequent.
Number : 12
Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀkxɔ̃
Meaning : bark; grass (?)
Proto-Taa : *ǀǀkxã̂
Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀkxũ
Notes : The comparison is possible, but it is not excluded that both !Wi forms are actually borrowed from Khoekhoe.
Number : 13
Proto-Bushman : *ǀ1 oh ~ *ɡǀ1 oh
Meaning : belly, stomach
Proto-Ju : *ɡ!u
Proto-Taa : *ǀōh
Proto-!Wi : *ǀo
ǂHoan : *!o
Number : 14
Proto-Bushman : *!hu-
Meaning : lower part of belly
Proto-Taa : *!hūma
Proto-!Wi : *!au-tu
Notes : A SK isogloss.
Number : 15
Proto-Bushman : *ǂ1 Ga̰[-bV]
Meaning : part of stomach
Proto-Taa : *ɡǂqā̰
ǂHoan : *ǀa̰be
Notes : The exact nature of the ǂHoan efflux is unclear, since the word is only attested in Traill 1973 (could actually be -G- ).
Number : 16
Proto-Bushman : *ɳ!̯ah ʔ-
Meaning : big; to grow
Proto-Ju : *ɳ!̯aʔa
Proto-Taa : *ʔ!nāh ʔni
Proto-!Wi : *ɳ!ai
Notes : Used with various extensions in SK (*ɳ!̯ah ʔ-ni , *ɳ!̯ah ʔ-i ).
Number : 17
Proto-Bushman : *!hu (?)
Meaning : big
Proto-!Wi : *!hu
Notes : Not encountered outside !Wi.
Number : 18
Proto-Bushman : *ɡǂa-
Meaning : big, tall
Proto-Ju : ɡǂãʔĩ
Proto-Taa : *ɡǂàm
Proto-!Wi : *ɡ!o (?)
ǂHoan : *ɡǂao (?)
Number : 19
Proto-Bushman : *ǀʔa (?)
Meaning : big, long, tall
Proto-!Wi : *ǀʔa
Notes : An isolated !Wi root.
Number : 20
Proto-Bushman : *!xa-
Meaning : big; chief
Proto-Ju : √!ae (?)
Proto-Taa : *!xa
Proto-!Wi : *!x[o]a
ǂHoan : *!xae
Notes : Irregular -0- in PNK; cf, however, *ǀxom "tattoo" with the same correspondence.
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Total of 970 records 49 pages
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