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Macro-Khoisan etymology : Search within this database Total of 481 record 25 pages
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Proto-Khoisan : *|ʔutu [~]
Meaning : seed
Notes : Found only in Hadza.
Proto-Khoisan : *|a-i
Meaning : aardwolf
Notes : See Honken 1998 : 187. The root is too widely spread in Peripheral Khoisan to be safely filed under "borrowing"; and its phonetic shape is too simple from the outset to put common inheritance from Proto-Khoisan under serious suspicion. Proto-Khoisan : *|ari
Meaning : jackal
Notes : If there is borrowing here, it cannot be recent since the root is always found in its assimilated form (with first syllable -i- ) in Khoe.
Proto-Khoisan : *|au
Meaning : buffalo
Notes : One of the strongest "pan-Khoisan" (w/out Hadza) click-containing isoglosses. Borrowings are not excluded, but are not necessary, either.
Proto-Khoisan : *|aU
Meaning : big; to increase
Notes : Dubious, since the Bushman forms may be later cultural borrowings from Khoe.
Proto-Khoisan : *|e
Meaning : wildebeest
Notes : A common term for an ungulate in Proto-Khoisan. Contact is almost excluded, since the forms are too different in Peripheral Bushman and Khoe.
Proto-Khoisan : *|Ga
Meaning : to spread
Notes : Semantically weak, but worth consideration.
Proto-Khoisan : *|ɣai
Meaning : to spit, spray
Notes : A cultural term (not so much as "spit" as "make a libation"), but the borrowing scenario is difficult to imagine, since the direction would have to be from Bushman ("spit") into Khoe ("make a libation") rather than vice versa.
Proto-Khoisan : *|ɣam
Meaning : to urinate
Notes : Possibly an old loan from Khoe into North Khoisan, but the segmental structure of the roots does not match ideally, so it is equally appropriate to suggest genetic relationship.
Proto-Khoisan : *|ʁV
Meaning : hair
Notes : Bushman and Khoe data are fairly compatible; Sandawe and Hadza parallels, on the other hand, are very weak.
Proto-Khoisan : *|ha [~]
Meaning : belly
Notes : The connection with Sandawe is quite weak; really just an isolated Khoe root.
Proto-Khoisan : *|habi
Meaning : wound
Proto-Khoisan : *|[h]i-
Meaning : to sing
Notes : Acceptable if Sandawe -me is of suffixal origin.
Proto-Khoisan : *|[h]o [~]
Meaning : not
Notes : Not found outside Peripheral Khoisan.
Proto-Khoisan : *|Kan-
Meaning : fly (n.)
Proto-Khoisan : *|kxae
Meaning : to fall; to fall ill
Notes : Although the root is well reconstructible for Proto-North Khoisan, an earlier borrowing from Khoe is not excluded.
Proto-Khoisan : *|kxaU
Meaning : snake
Notes : For phonetic and semantic reasons, it is more reasonable to think of genetic relationship here than borrowing between Peripheral Khoisan and Khoe. Inclusion of the Sandawe form is very hypothetical, but it does contain a glottalized affricate that could have easily yielded *|kx- under the secondary click formation scenario.
Proto-Khoisan : *|kxo [~]
Meaning : full
Proto-Khoisan : *|kxUri
Meaning : dirt
Notes : More likely a cultural term borrowed from Khoe into Bushman than a common Khoisan root.
Proto-Khoisan : *|[n]ĩ [~]
Meaning : dry
Notes : No parallels found outside Sandawe.
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Total of 481 record 25 pages
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