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Macro-Khoisan etymology :

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\data\bush\khoiet
Proto-Khoisan : *|[n]u-
Meaning : stone
Proto-Bushman : *ɳ|1u-
Proto-Khoe : *|ʔúí
Proto-Khoisan : *|[n]V-
Meaning : red
Proto-Bushman : *|1ah- ~ *ɡ|1ah-
Proto-Khoe : *ɳ|òá (?)
Proto-Khoisan : *|NVra
Meaning : separate, divide
Proto-Bushman : *ɡ|nahʔra
Proto-Khoe : *|ora (*ɡ|-)
Notes : Click efflux correspondences are quite extraordinary here, making the comparison rather flimsy.
Proto-Khoisan : *|oma
Meaning : python
Proto-Bushman : *|oma
Proto-Khoe : *|oba
Notes : Very likely an independent borrowing into !Xóõ and =Hoan from a Khoe source (most probably, |Gui, where the word for "python" features an inlaut -m- in the place of Common Khoe *-b-).
Proto-Khoisan : *|oh
Meaning : to end
Proto-Bushman : *|oh
Proto-Khoe : *|hoN
Notes : The root is quite weakly represented in all the subbranches, thus not reliable.
Proto-Khoisan : *|qa
Meaning : lower leg, shin
Proto-Bushman : *|qhɔ
Proto-Khoe : *|ʔṍã́
Hadza : *c̣ac̣e (?)
Proto-Khoisan : *|qabV
Meaning : to sprinkle
Proto-Bushman : *ɳ|qabah
Proto-Khoe : *|abi (*ɡ|-)
Notes : Within Khoekhoe, attested only in Nama, so the comparison is rather weak.
Proto-Khoisan : *|qhoʔrV
Meaning : Corallocarpus sp.
Proto-Bushman : *|qhoʔru
Proto-Khoe : *|hòro
Notes : Some secondary contact influence is possible here, but overall the semantics and phonetics of the root in Peripheral Khoisan and Khoe are too different to be easily explained through recent borrowing.
Proto-Khoisan : *|qhu
Meaning : tired
Proto-Bushman : *|hu
Proto-Khoe : *|qúì
Notes : Borrowing is not likely due to different phonetic peculiarities.
Proto-Khoisan : *|qV
Meaning : rhinoceros
Proto-Bushman : *|qhɛ[-i]
Proto-Khoe : *|hǐ
Sandawe : *c̣o (?)
Proto-Khoisan : *|QV [~]
Meaning : heart
Proto-Bushman : *|1kʔV-
Notes : A Peripheral Khoisan-only root.
Proto-Khoisan : *|q̇[a]n
Meaning : blood
Proto-Bushman : *|qʔn
Proto-Khoe : *|ʔáò
Notes : The roots are compatible if *-n and *-o represent old suffixal extensions.
Proto-Khoisan : *|q̇o
Meaning : dry
Proto-Bushman : *|qʔo(o)
Proto-Khoe : *|ʔô
Notes : See Honken 1998: 172. Some secondary contact forms may be present, but overall, the root is too widely spread to be completely attributable to diffusion.
Proto-Khoisan : *|u
Meaning : dew
Proto-Bushman : *ʒ_gχaU
Proto-Khoe : *|kxau
Sandawe : *c̣exa
Hadza : *c̣i (?)
Notes : Borrowing is almost excluded due to the complex correspondences between branches. Sandawe c̣exa is easily compatible with a form like Khoe *|kxau; the same cannot be so easily said about Hadza c̣i, though.
Proto-Khoisan : *|U (?)
Meaning : name
Proto-Bushman : |1eu
Proto-Khoe : *|kxóǹ
Notes : The connection is not impossible (a little evidence exists that velar affricate effluxes in Khoe may correspond to zero effluxes in Bushman), but still highly tentative at this moment.
Proto-Khoisan : *|U[m]
Meaning : to suck
Proto-Bushman : *ɳ|1o̰ʔm
Proto-Khoe : *|Úḿ
Sandawe : *|ʔu
Proto-Khoisan : *|uti [~]
Meaning : neck
Hadza : *|uthi
Notes : Attested only in Hadza.
Proto-Khoisan : *|Ṽ
Meaning : to see
Proto-Bushman : *ɳ|V
Sandawe : *|a(ŋ)
Hadza : *|i
Proto-Khoisan : *|xoa
Meaning : with, by means of
Proto-Bushman : *|xoa
Proto-Khoe : *-|xa(o)
Notes : Most probably just a Khoe root (too weakly represented in North Khoisan, suggesting borrowing from a Khoe source).
Proto-Khoisan : *|1
Meaning : to kill
Proto-Bushman : *!khõ
Proto-Khoe : *|kxṹ
Notes : The comparison is dubious, but if evidence is found that Preipheral Khoisan *! is really *|1, will become much stronger.
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Total of 481 record 25 pages

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Back: 1 20
Forward: 1

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