North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ǂxʼumi

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to mix

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxʼúmí

Tsumkwe : ǂxʼúmi

Tsintsabis : ǂxʼúmi

Okongo : ǂxʼúmi

Leeunes : ǂxʼúmi

South Omatako : ǂʼúmí

North Omatako : ǂʼúmí

Kameeldoring : ǂʼúmí

Lister : ǂʼúmí

References : Dickens 301; Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 2043

Proto-Ju: *ǂxʼ₁ou

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: damp; dew

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxʼàò (n5) "dew" // ǂxʼàò "become damp (esp. from dew)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxʼao

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂòu "dew"

!Kung (Vedder): ǂàu "hoarfrost, dew"

Tsumkwe : ǂxʼào

Tsintsabis : ǂʼào

Leeunes : ǂʼàu

Mpunguvlei : ǂʼàu

Cuito : ǂʼàu

Cuando : ǂʼàu

North Omatako : ǀxʼào (?)

Kameeldoring : ǀxʼào (?)

Lister : ǂxʼào

Notes : The Omatako and Kameeldoring forms have either been influenced by Khoekhoe *ǀxʼau "dew" or directly borrowed from that source.

References : Bleek 642, 675; Dickens 301; Snyman 52; Snyman 1997: 97.

RefLex number: 2036

Proto-Ju: *ǂxunu (?)

Meaning: brains

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂx`ŭɳǂx`únu, ǂx`ŭǂxúnu

Notes : Cf. PCK *ǂxû^ŋ "brains" id.

References : Bleek 681.

RefLex number: 3137

Proto-Ju: *ǂxuru

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to climb

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxùrù // ǂxùrù-xʼàò (n1 -si) "rider, passenger"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxuru

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxúru ~ ǂuru // ǂxoro "up" (?)

!Kung (Doke): ǂóru ~ ǂúru

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǂùru

!Kung (Weich): ɡǂŭ́rū ~ ɡǂūru

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxùlù

References : Bleek 649, 663, 665, 680, 681; Dickens 304; Snyman 18; Snyman 1980: 32.

RefLex number: 2112

Proto-Ju: *ǀa

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to spread open

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀá

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǀyaː "to spread out, prepare a bed"

References : Bleek 280; Dickens 288.

RefLex number: 1774

Proto-Ju: *ǀaba

Meaning: vertebra of animal

Mpunguvlei : ǀàbà

Cuito : ǀàbà

Cuando : ǀàbà

References : Snyman 1997: 88.

RefLex number: 3088

Proto-Ju: *ǀaˤʔm

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: spitting cobra

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀȁˤʔm-ǀȁˤʔm (n2)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀamama "cobra"

References : Bleek 269; Dickens 289.

RefLex number: 1801

Proto-Ju: *ǀaˤri

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: umbrella thorn tree, Acacia tortilis heteracantha

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀȁˤrì (n3 -si)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀxʼare "a plant, Acacia glandulifera" (?)

References : Bleek 338; Dickens 289.

RefLex number: 1798

Proto-Ju: *ǀam

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: sun; day; thirst

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀám (n3 -si) // ǀám "be thirsty"; (?) ǀám (n5 -si) "watch (timepiece)"; ǀám-ɡ!úá (n5 -si) "cold drink"; ǀám-cʼàmà (n2) ~ ǀám-mà, pl. ǀám-mʰí (n2) "sunbird, Cinnyris"; ǀám-ǀʼáí-číá (n5 -si) "sun-visor"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀem "day"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʌm

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀaˤm

!Kung (Doke): ǀáːm

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀʌm

Tsumkwe : ǀám

Tsintsabis : ǀàm

Leeunes : ǀám

Mpunguvlei : ǀám

Cuito : ǀám

Cuando : ǀám

South Omatako : ǀám

North Omatako : ǀám

Kameeldoring : ǀám

Lister : ǀám

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $kuma.

References : Bleek 299, 327, 689; Dickens 288; Snyman 70; Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 1787

Proto-Ju: *ǀam

Meaning: to go, travel

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀkam // ǀkama "to come from"

References : Bleek 299.

RefLex number: 3071

Proto-Ju: *ǀami

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: to roll into a coil, be coiled

Juǀʼhoan : ǀámí

Tsumkwe : ǀámí

Notes : Cf. Nama ɡǀami.

References : Dickens 288; Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 1790

Proto-Ju: *ǀana

Meaning: to flow

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀkana

References : Bleek 300.

RefLex number: 3072

Proto-Ju: *ǀana

Meaning: to rub, polish

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀkana

References : Bleek 300.

RefLex number: 3073

Proto-Ju: *ǀani

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to shake (something which is in a vertical position, e.g. a pole, a tree etc.)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀã̀ĩ̀=ǀȁnì

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀāǹi

References : Dickens 288; Snyman 1980: 8.

RefLex number: 1786

Proto-Ju: *ǀao

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: buffalo

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀàò (n2 -si) // ǀàò-ɳǀǀȁˤ (n5 -si) "herd of buffalo bulls"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀao

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀáuː ~ ǀáu

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡǀaːu

Tsumkwe : ǀào

Tsintsabis : ǀào

Okongo : ǀào

Leeunes : ǀào

Mpunguvlei : ǀào

Cuito : ǀào

Cuando : ǀào

South Omatako : ǀào

North Omatako : ǀào

Kameeldoring : ǀào

Lister : ǀào

Various addenda: Shortridge (!Kung): ǀgāu.

References : Bleek 276, 303; Dickens 288; Snyman 3; Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 1792

Proto-Ju: *ǀãõˤ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: lustful, sensual

Juǀʼhoan : ǀã̏õ̏ˤ "be lustful, be promiscuous" // ǀã̏õ̏ˤ-sí (n5 -si) "promiscuity"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀãõˤ

References : Dickens 289; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 1797

Proto-Ju: *ǀari

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: (black-backed) jackal

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀárí (n2) // ǀárí-dí (-sĩ) "jackal bitch, vixen"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀeri

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀara ~ ǀere ~ ǀerre

!Kung (Doke): ǀaɫi

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡǀĭ́riː ~ ɡǀắri

References : Bleek 279, 302, 309; Dickens 289; Snyman 17.

RefLex number: 1804

Proto-Ju: *ǀau

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: blame, fault, debt

Juǀʼhoan : ǀàù (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀeu

References : Dickens 289; Snyman 57.

RefLex number: 1805

Proto-Ju: *ǀauŋ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: green, blue, yellow

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀã̏ũ̏ʰ "be blue, green"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀẽũ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀãũ "blue, bright green" // ɡǀãũ "yellow, green"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀũ̌ŋ ~ ǀáŋ ~ ǀàŋ ~ ǀaˤŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀãŋ "green, yellow"

Tsumkwe : ǀāŋ

Tsintsabis : ǀāŋ́

Okongo : ǀāŋ́

Leeunes : ǀāŋ́

Mpunguvlei : ǀàŋ́

Cuito : ǀàŋ́

Cuando : ǀàŋ́

South Omatako : ǀaŋ

North Omatako : ǀaŋ

Kameeldoring : ǀàŋ

Lister : ǀã̀ũ

References : Bleek 276, 300, 303, 325; Dickens 289; Snyman 31; Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 1807

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼa ~ *ǀʼã

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to give

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼã̀ "to give; (prep.) for, to, on behalf of"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʼã ~ ǀʼaː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʼá ~ ǀʼã̀ ~ ǀʼà

!Kung (Doke): ǀʼã̄

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʼã̄

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀa ~ ǀaː

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼa

Tsumkwe : ǀʼã

Tsintsabis : ǀàʔá

Okongo : ǀàʔá

Leeunes : ǀʼà

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼà

Cuando : ǀà

South Omatako : ǀʼà

North Omatako : ǀʼà

Kameeldoring : ǀʼãa

Lister : ǀʼã

Notes : The Tsintsabis/Okongo forms (with an apparent metathesis of the glottal stop) are curious; so is the complete lack of glottal stop in Cuando. Nasalisation seems to be completely facultative.

References : Bleek 267, 293; Dickens 294; Snyman 57; Snyman 1980: 39; Snyman 1997: 86.

RefLex number: 1913