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North Khoisan etymology : Search within this database Total of 3197 records 160 pages
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Proto-Ju: *cxeŋ
Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ LL [k]
Meaning: leguaan, monitor lizard
Juǀʼhoan : cxã̏ĩ̀ (n2 )
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cxẽĩ
ǀǀAuǀǀen : cãĩ "agama lizard"
!Kung (Lloyd) : cxáŋ "lizard"
!O!Kung (Bleek) : cxe "iguana" // ǂxani "lizard" (?)
Kavango : cxàŋ
Tsumkwe : cxã̀ĩ
Tsintsabis : cxàŋ
Okongo : čxàŋ
Leeunes : cxàŋ
Mpunguvlei : cxàŋ
Cuito : cxàŋ
Cuando : cxàŋ
South Omatako : sxàŋ
North Omatako : cxãĩ
Kameeldoring : sxàŋ
Lister : cxã̀ĩ
RefLex number: 1612
Proto-Ju: *cxʼã
Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LM [k]
Meaning: to run away from
Juǀʼhoan : cʼã̀ã̀ "run away from, desert (work), play truant"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cʼãː
!Kung (Vedder): ʒã̂ː "to leave someone"
!Kung (Wilhelm): ʒaː "to leave someone"
!O!Kung (Bleek) : ʒàwa "to run" (?)
Kavango : cʼã̀ã́ ~ cxʼã̀ã́
RefLex number: 1647
Proto-Ju: *cxʼũ
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k]
Meaning: nose
Juǀʼhoan : cʼṹ (n5 -si ) "nose; tree stump" // cʼṹ-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si ) "nostril"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cʼũ
ǀǀAuǀǀen : čũ
!Kung (Lloyd) : sːũ̀ ~ cũ̀ ~ càŋ ~ cã́ũ ~ cːã́ũ
!Kung (Doke): cʼũ̄
!Kung (Wilhelm): cun
!O!Kung (Bleek) : cuŋ ~ cáŋ́ ~ čn
Kavango : ʒgxa̋ŋ "nostrils"
Tsumkwe : cʼũ
Tsintsabis : cʼáŋ
Okongo : čʼáŋ
Leeunes : cʼũ
Mpunguvlei : cxʼáŋ ~ !xáŋ
Cuito : cxʼáŋ ~ !xáŋ
Cuando : čxʼáŋ ~ cxʼáŋ
South Omatako : cʼũ
North Omatako : cʼũ
Kameeldoring : cʼũ
Lister : cʼũ
RefLex number: 1663
Proto-Ju: *cxom ~ *txom (?)
Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LM [k]
Meaning: to milk directly into mouth
Juǀʼhoan : cxòm
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cxom
Kavango : txòḿ
Ekoka : txòḿ
Tsumkwe : cxom
Tsintsabis : txòm̀ḿ
Okongo : txòm̀ḿ
Mpunguvlei : txòm̀ḿ
North Omatako : cxòm
Lister : cxòm
Notes : Correspondences are irregular. Since the form *cxom with the same meaning is reconstructed for Proto-Khoe, it is likely that we are dealing here with independent borrowing into different dialects from one or more Khoe sources, which explains the ensuing variability of articulation.
RefLex number: 1624
Proto-Ju: *čʔu
Meaning: man
Tsumkwe : čʔù ɳ!áng
Tsintsabis : čʔù ɳ!áng
Okongo : čʔù ɳ!áng
Leeunes : čʔù ɳ!áng
Kameeldoring : čʔù ɳ!àng
Lister : čʔù ɳ!áng
RefLex number: 3111
Proto-Ju: *ča
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k]
Meaning: to go and fetch
Juǀʼhoan : čá
Kavango : cá
RefLex number: 1457
Proto-Ju: *čã
Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LM [k]
Meaning: gravy, sauce
Juǀʼhoan : čã̀ (n5 -si )
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čãˤ
Kavango : cã̀ã́
Notes : Cf. also *š1 V̀ŋ "fat" (some forms from that root may belong here).
RefLex number: 1460
Proto-Ju: *čaʔu
Tonal pattern: LH[j] ~ LH [k]
Meaning: to faint, lose consciousness
Juǀʼhoan : čàʔú
Kavango : càʔó
RefLex number: 1469
Proto-Ju: *čaˤ
Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]
Meaning: to pour, leak
Juǀʼhoan : čaˤ // (n5 -si ) "bleeding (from a wound)"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čaˤ
ǀǀAuǀǀen : čàˤ
!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰá ~ čʰaˤ ~ čʰaˤː ~ ša ~ šaː "to pour, fall (of rain)"
!Kung (Doke): šáä "to pour, dribble"
!Kung (Vedder): čʼàː
!O!Kung (Bleek) : čà:
!O!Kung (Snyman): čàˤ
Kavango : cȁˤ
Ekoka : čà-lā, čȁˤ-là
RefLex number: 1462
Proto-Ju: *čaˤʔu
Tonal pattern: LH [j]
Meaning: Kalahari pod berry, Dialium engleranum
Juǀʼhoan : čàˤʔú (n3 -si )
Kavango : ca̋ˤu
RefLex number: 1466
Proto-Ju: *čãõˤ
Tonal pattern: XL [j]
Meaning: sandgrouse, Pterocles sp.
Juǀʼhoan : čã̏õ̀ˤ-čã̏õ̀ˤ (n2 )
RefLex number: 1463
Proto-Ju: *čʼiŋ3
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e] ~ HH [Sn.]
Meaning: to cry, sing, etc.
Juǀʼhoan : čʼĩ́ // čʼĩ́-ã́ "to cry for, complain about"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čʼĩ
ǀǀAuǀǀen : cĩ́ ~ ciː ~ čĩ "to sing, cry, thunder"
!Kung (Lloyd) : čiŋ ~ tːʼčʰũ̀ ~ čũ̀
!Kung (Doke): čʼŋ̄
!Kung (Wilhelm): čiŋ ~ čina
!O!Kung (Bleek) : čiŋ "to bleat, cry"
!O!Kung (Snyman): čàŋ
Kavango : ʒʼa̋ŋ
Ekoka : ǯʼŋ́
Tsumkwe : čʼĩ́
Tsintsabis : čʼĩ́ ~ čʼiŋ
Okongo : cĩŋ
Leeunes : čʼĩ́
Mpunguvlei : čʼĩ́ŋ
Cuito : čʼĩ́ŋ
Cuando : čʼĩ́ŋ
South Omatako : cʼíŋ
North Omatako : čʼíŋ
Kameeldoring : čʼíŋ
Lister : cʼĩ̀
RefLex number: 1540
Proto-Ju: *čʼu
Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]
Meaning: hut, house, building
Juǀʼhoan : čʼù (n5 -si ) // čʼù-dĩ̏ (n5 -si ) "floor"; čʼù-ɡ!ȍʰm (n5 -si ) "outskirts of a village"; čʼù-ɳǀǀȍˤʔòbè (n3 -si ) "window"; čʼù-cʼí (n5 -si ) "door"; čʼù-ǀxʼáí (n5 -si ) "foundation", etc.
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čʼu
ǀǀAuǀǀen : ču
!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰu
!Kung (Vedder): ʒʼuː
!Kung (Wilhelm): ču
!O!Kung (Bleek) : ču
!O!Kung (Snyman): čʼù
Kavango : cʼù
Ekoka : čʼù
Tsumkwe : čʼù
Tsintsabis : čʼù
Okongo : čʼu
Leeunes : čʼù
Mpunguvlei : čʼù
Cuito : čʼù
Cuando : čʼù
South Omatako : čʼu
North Omatako : čʼu
Kameeldoring : čʼu
Lister : cʼù
Notes : Class 4.
RefLex number: 1542
Proto-Ju: *čʰi
Tonal pattern: LL [j]
Meaning: arrow
Juǀʼhoan : čʰì (n5 -si ) // čʰì-ɡǀàʔá (n5 -si ) "arrow tip"; čʰì-cʼí (n5 -si ) "wound caused by an arrow"; čʰì-ǀxʼáí (n5 -si ) "groove of an arrow (which is fitted to the bow string when shooting)"; čʰì-!ʼã́ (n5 -si ) "arrow shaft", etc.
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čʰi
ǀǀAuǀǀen : či
!O!Kung (Bleek) : či
RefLex number: 1472
Proto-Ju: *čʰiN
Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e] ~ VAR [Sn]
Meaning: to drink
Juǀʼhoan : čʰȉ // čʰì-sí (n5 -si ) "drinking place, bar"
ǀǀAuǀǀen : čí
!Kung (Lloyd) : sʰiŋ ~ čʰiŋ
!Kung (Doke): šn_̄
!Kung (Vedder): čn
!O!Kung (Bleek) : čĩ́
!O!Kung (Snyman): šāŋ ~ čʰāŋ ~ cʰĩ̄ŋ
Kavango : cʰȁŋ (E) ~ ṣṣȁŋ ~ ṣʰȁŋ (W)
Ekoka : šŋ̏
Tsumkwe : čʰì
Tsintsabis : čʰàŋ
Okongo : čʰĩ̀ŋ
Leeunes : čʰĩ̀ŋ
Mpunguvlei : čʰàŋ
Cuito : čʰĩ̀ŋ
Cuando : čʰīŋ ~ čʰàŋ
South Omatako : šĩ̀ŋ
North Omatako : čʰì
Kameeldoring : šĩ̀ŋ
Lister : čʰì
RefLex number: 1473
Proto-Ju: *čʰiŋ3
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k]
Meaning: liver
Juǀʼhoan : čʰĩ́ (n5 -si ) // čʰĩ́-zàˤʔú (n5 ) "hunger pang"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čʰĩ
ǀǀAuǀǀen : či
Nogau : dsché ~ tē (Leb.)
!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰĭŋ
!Kung (Doke): šn_̄
!Kung (Vedder): čĩ̄
!Kung (Weich): šiŋ
!O!Kung (Bleek) : čĩ (B1 )
Kavango : sa̋ŋ
RefLex number: 1476
Proto-Ju: *čʰoa
Tonal pattern: LL
Meaning: to begin, start
Juǀʼhoan : čʰòà-čʰòà ~ šòà-šòà
Kavango : cʰoa-cʰoa (E.)
Tsumkwe : čʰòa-čʰòa
Tsintsabis : čʰòa-čʰòa
Okongo : čʰòa-čʰòa
Leeunes : čʰòa-čʰòa
South Omatako : šʰòa-šʰòa
North Omatako : šʰòa-šʰòa
Kameeldoring : čʰòa-čʰòa
Lister : čʰòa-čʰòa
RefLex number: 83
Proto-Ju: *č(ʰ)ona
Tonal pattern: XL [j]
Meaning: loincloth, loinskin
Juǀʼhoan : šȍȁnà ~ čȍȁnȁ ~ čʰȍȁnà (n3 -si )
Tsumkwe : šōanà ~ čʰōanà ~ čõanà
Tsintsabis : šòaná ~ šòná ~ šõanà
Okongo : šòná ~ šõanà
Leeunes : šoànà ~ čʰoanà
Mpunguvlei : šòná ~ šõanà
Cuito : šòná
Cuando : šòná ~ čʰòná
South Omatako : šʰònà ~ šòná
North Omatako : šʰòanà ~ šoáná
Kameeldoring : šòná ~ čʰòná
Lister : čōanà ~ cõanà
Notes : Phonetic variation is most likely due to borrowing from an outside source; the fact that hushing consonants never make the transition to hissing ones in any of the dialects speaks in favour of recent borrowing.
RefLex number: 84
Proto-Ju: *či
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e]
Meaning: thing
Juǀʼhoan : čí (n5 -si ) // čá "that which, what (rel. pron., historical shortening of *čí-á "thing which"); that (conj.)"; čí-ǀʼʰõ̏ã̀ (n5 ) "the truth", (adv ) "truly"
ǀǀAuǀǀen : čí // ci-si ~ ci-siŋ "things (pl.)"
!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰi // cːi-sːiŋ "things (pl.)"
!Kung (Vedder): ʒíː
!Kung (Wilhelm): čiː
!O!Kung (Bleek) : či
Kavango : ci̋
Ekoka : čí
Notes : Class 4.
RefLex number: 1480
Proto-Ju: *čo
Tonal pattern: LL [j]
Meaning: medicine
Juǀʼhoan : čò (n5 -si ) // čò-xʼàò (n1 -si ) "doctor, healer"; čò-čʼùà (n5 -si ) "hospital, clinic"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čo
!Kung (Wilhelm): čoː
Kavango : cò "practice magic"
RefLex number: 1484
nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-omn,nkhet-lis,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-okn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-nga,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wei,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,
Total of 3197 records 160 pages
Pages: 101
102
103
104
105
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107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
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