North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *čo

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: perspiration

Juǀʼhoan : čȍʰ "to sweat, perspire" // (n5 -si) "sweat, perspiration"; čȍʰ-čȁèˤ (n5) "measles"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čo

!Kung (Lloyd) : ʒʰɔ ~ sʰŏ ~ sʰɔ ~ sːʰoː ~ čʰoː "perspiration"

!Kung (Doke): šôː "to perspire"

!Kung (Vedder): ʒà "to sweat"

Kavango : cȍ

Tsumkwe : čō

Tsintsabis : čō

Okongo : čō

Leeunes : čō

Mpunguvlei : čō

South Omatako : šō

North Omatako : čō

Kameeldoring : cō

Lister : cò

References : Bleek 30, 33, 181, 232; Dickens 269; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 41; Snyman 1991: 71.

RefLex number: 1489

Proto-Ju: *čõã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to deceive, cheat

Juǀʼhoan : čõ̏ã̀ʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čwã

Kavango : cʰȍrà (E) (?)

References : Dickens 269; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 41.

RefLex number: 1486

Proto-Ju: *ču

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: yellow-billed hornbill

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : čù (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ču

Kavango : cȕ

Tsumkwe : čù

Leeunes : čù

South Omatako : šìkó (?)

North Omatako : čùkó

Kameeldoring : čùkó

References : Dickens 270; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 41; Snyman 1997: 71.

RefLex number: 1498

Proto-Ju: *čũ

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to be loose, rickety

Juǀʼhoan : čṹ-čṹ

References : Dickens 270.

RefLex number: 1500

Proto-Ju: *čxã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to be lonely

Juǀʼhoan : čxã̏ã̀

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čxaã

References : Dickens 270; Snyman 29.

RefLex number: 1504

Proto-Ju: *čxae

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: to dance a ceremonial dance; to play (instrument)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : čxáí "to sing, dance, play" // (n5 -si) "song, dance; wind (praise); (?) track (of something that has run for a long time without stopping)"; čxáí-dí (n5 -sĩ) "female dance"; čxáí-ɡ!ȍˤ, pl. čxáí-ɳǀǀȁèˤ (n5) "male dance"; čxáí-cʼí (n5 -si) "song"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čxei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : čxai "to dance"

!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰxé "stand and make gestures, perform a doctoring ceremony"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : čxai "to dance"

!O!Kung (Snyman): čxàe

Kavango : cxáe

Ekoka : čxāē

Okongo : čxàe "to dance (women)"

Mpunguvlei : čxàe ~ cxáe "to dance (women)"

Cuito : čxàe ~ cxé "to dance (women)"

Cuando : čxáe

Notes : Irregular -ai in Juǀhoan.

References : Bleek 238; Dickens 270; Heikkinen 1986; KH 139; Snyman 41; Snyman 1980: 7; Snyman 1997: 41, 57.

RefLex number: 1505

Proto-Ju: *čxau

Meaning: blue, yellow

Mpunguvlei : čxáu "blue"

Cuito : čxáu "yellow"

Cuando : čxáu "yellow, blue"

References : Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 3103

Proto-Ju: *čxʼoʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: blunt

Juǀʼhoan : čòʔá

Tsumkwe : čòʔá

Tsintsabis : čʼò

Okongo : čxʼò

Leeunes : čʼò

Mpunguvlei : cxò ~ čxʼò

Cuito : cxò ~ čxʼò

Cuando : cxʼò ~ čxʼò

South Omatako : čʼó

North Omatako : čʼó

Kameeldoring : čòʔá

Lister : còʔá

References : Dickens 270; Snyman 1997: 71.

RefLex number: 1497

Proto-Ju: *čxo

Tonal pattern: LL

Meaning: to swell

Juǀʼhoan : čxò

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čxo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : čɔ

!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰɔ

!Kung (Vedder): cxôː

Kavango : cxò

Tsumkwe : čxò

Tsintsabis : čxò

Okongo : čxò

Leeunes : čxò

Mpunguvlei : čxò

Cuito : čxò

Cuando : čxò

South Omatako : čxo // cʼó "swelling (on head)" (?)

North Omatako : čxo

Kameeldoring : čxo // čxò "swelling (on head)"

Lister : cxò

References : Bleek 223, 232; Dickens 270; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 41; Snyman 1997: 72, 74.

RefLex number: 1507

Proto-Ju: *čxo

Tonal pattern: LL

Meaning: to skin

Juǀʼhoan : čxò "to slaughter"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čxo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : čxo

!Kung (Doke): šxoː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : čxo

!O!Kung (Snyman): čxò

Kavango : cxò

References : Bleek 184, 239; Dickens 270; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 41; Snyman 1980: 7.

RefLex number: 1508

Proto-Ju: *daʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LM [k] ~ LL [e] ~ LH [Sn.]

Meaning: fire; firewood

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dàʔá (n4 -si) "fire, firewood" // dàʔá-dʰȁrì (n5 -si) "flame"; dàʔá-ǀǀʼáí (n5 -si) "charcoal"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daʔa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : dà

Nogau : da tali "flame" // da šua "smoke"; dai "branch" (?), daintu "wood, forest"

!Kung (Lloyd) : daː ~ dːʔa ~ dăä́

!Kung (Doke): dāʔā ~ dǝ̄ʔā

!Kung (Vedder): dʔâː

!Kung (Wilhelm): dǝʔaː

!Kung (Weich): daʔa

!O!Kung (Bleek) : dà

!O!Kung (Snyman): dàʔá

Kavango : dàʔá

Ekoka : dàʔà (3)

Tsumkwe : dàʔá

Tsintsabis : dàʔá

Okongo : dàʔá

Leeunes : dàʔá

Mpunguvlei : dàʔá

Cuito : dàʔá

Cuando : dàʔá

South Omatako : dàʔá

North Omatako : dàʔá

Kameeldoring : dàʔá

Lister : dàʔá

Various addenda: Passarge (!Kung): da.

Notes : In Juǀhoan cf. the derivative dȁʔànì (n4 -si) 'firesticks, tinderbox' = !Kung dăna ~ dːắna (Ll.), dǝʔána ~ dǝʔáni: ~ dĭ́ni: (Wil.), Ekoka dàʔānnā id. In !Kung (Ll.) cf. also dáí 'light'. Further derivates include dȁʔànì-ɡ!ȁ 'awl'; dȁʔànì-kú-čàè-čàè 'stinging nettle'.

References : Bleek 20, 23; Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986; KH 128; Snyman 25; Snyman 1980: 38; Snyman 1997: 37; Weich 6.

RefLex number: 114

Proto-Ju: *daʔaba

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to get a fright, start

Juǀʼhoan : dȁʔàbà

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daʔaba

ǀǀAuǀǀen : dàˤba

References : Bleek 20; Dickens 194; Snyman 25.

RefLex number: 115

Proto-Ju: *daʔabaša-ɳ!ã

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: armpit

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dȁʔàbà-šà-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daʔaba-ša-ɳ!eng

!Kung (Lloyd) : daba-ša ɳ!é ~ dába-ši ɳ!aŋ

!Kung (Doke): dava+šŋ-ɳǀǀa

!Kung (Vedder): dòwa-!n

!O!Kung (Snyman): tábá-šà-ɳ!áng

Kavango : taˤbá-sàŋ !a̋ŋ

Ekoka : tàbà-šà ~ tàbàšà ń!ŋ́ ~ tȁˤbā-s-ŋ̀!ŋ́ (4)

Notes : The second part is PNK *ɳ!ŋ́ "inside"; the first part is unclear.

References : Bleek 20, 23, 28; Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986; KH 63; Snyman 38; Snyman 1980: 13.

RefLex number: 116

Proto-Ju: *daʔa-ma [pl. *daʔa-mi]

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e] ~ VAR [Sn.]

Meaning: child

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dȁʔàmà (n1) // pl. dàʔábí(sì); dȁʔàmà-mà (n3), pl. dàʔábí-mʰí "grandchild"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daʔama

ǀǀAuǀǀen : daba // dama "little child"; dàu "young" (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : dắba ~ dába // pl. dámmi

!Kung (Vedder): dàwà

!Kung (Wilhelm): dăbaː

!Kung (Weich): dava // pl. deve

!O!Kung (Bleek) : daba // pl. debe

!O!Kung (Snyman): dàʔabà

Kavango : dàbà ~ dàʔàbà

Ekoka : dàbà ~ dàbā (1) // pl. dèbē, dēbē (3)

Tsumkwe : dàʔáma

Tsintsabis : dàʔábá

Okongo : dàʔábá

Leeunes : dàʔábá

Mpunguvlei : dàbà

Cuito : dàbà

Cuando : dàbà

South Omatako : dàʔàbà

North Omatako : dàʔàbà

Kameeldoring : dàʔàbà

Lister : dàʔámà

References : Bleek 20, 21, 22, 23; Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986; KH 19; Snyman 25; Snyman 1980: 6; Snyman 1997: 38; Weich 6.

RefLex number: 117

Proto-Ju: *dabi

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: salt

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : díbí (n3)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): sibi

Nogau : dimi // diri (?)

!Kung (Wilhelm): dóve "salt, salt pan"

Tsumkwe : díbí

Tsintsabis : dàbí

South Omatako : dàbí

Kameeldoring : dìbí

Lister : dìbí

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): dibi.

References : Bleek 25, 26, 28; Dickens 196; Snyman 16; Snyman 1997: 38.

RefLex number: 140

Proto-Ju: *dabi

Tonal pattern: HH [k] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to return, go home

!Kung (Lloyd) : débbi ~ dèbbi ~ dibbi

!Kung (Weich): divi

!O!Kung (Bleek) : dibi

Kavango : da̋^bbi̋

Ekoka : dábí ~ dābī ~ díbí

Notes : Cf. PCK *dɛbV 'to turn, return'.

References : Bleek 23, 25; Heikkinen 1986; KH 19; Weich 8.

RefLex number: 2942

Proto-Ju: *daˤ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: striped mongoose

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dȁˤ (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daˤ

!Kung (Lloyd) : dːaˤː ~ daˤ "polecat"

Kavango : dȁˤ

Ekoka : dàȁ (1) "polecat, civet"

Tsumkwe : dā̰

Tsintsabis : dàˤ

Okongo : dàˤ

Leeunes : dàˤ

Mpunguvlei : dàˤ

Cuito : dàˤ

Cuando : dàˤ

South Omatako : dàˤ

North Omatako : dàˤ

Kameeldoring : dàˤ

Lister : dàˤ

References : Bleek 20; Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986; KH 19; Snyman 17; Snyman 1997: 37.

RefLex number: 109

Proto-Ju: *dãˤẽ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: gums

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dã̀ˤẽ̀dã̀ˤẽ̀ (n3 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daˤedaˤe

!Kung (Weich): daˤng

!O!Kung (Snyman): dàˤŋg

References : Dickens 194; Snyman 22; Snyman 1980: 6; Weich 7.

RefLex number: 110

Proto-Ju: *dama

Tonal pattern: XL [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: woman

!O!Kung (Bleek) : dama // pl. dame

Kavango : dȁmà

Ekoka : dȁʰmà (1) // pl. dȅʰm̏ʰè ~ dȁʰmē

Okongo : dʰāmā

References : Bleek 21; Heikkinen 1986; KH 20; Snyman 1997: 39.

RefLex number: 2934

Proto-Ju: *dareʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XM [k]

Meaning: wild dagga, Clerodendron uncinatum

Juǀʼhoan : dȁrèʰ (n3)

Kavango : dȁré "species of spiky weed"

References : Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 111