North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *gʰoba

Meaning: to eat (grain, sugar, flour)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Kavango : ghóbá

Ekoka : ghōbā (tȍnȁ)

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 129.

RefLex number: 3169

Proto-Ju: *gʰu- ~ *kʰu-

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: club

Juǀʼhoan : gʰṹĩ́ (n5 -si)

Tsumkwe : ghūi

Tsintsabis : ghu

Okongo : khu, ghu

Leeunes : ghú, ghū

Mpunguvlei : khú

Cuito : khũ̀, khú

Cuando : khũ̀, khú

References : Dickens 1994: 200; Snyman 1997: 43, 51.

RefLex number: 221

Proto-Ju: *ghau

Tonal pattern: HH [k] ~ LH [e]

Meaning: hip

Kavango : gha̋u ʔɳǀé

Ekoka : ghàú

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 129.

RefLex number: 3168

Proto-Ju: *ghau

Tonal pattern: HH [k] ~ LH [e]

Meaning: hip

Kavango : gha̋u

Ekoka : ghàú ʔɳǀé

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 129.

RefLex number: 3171

Proto-Ju: *ǂaʔu

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: cold

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂàʔú // (n5 -si) "cold (n.)"; ǂàʔú-číá (n5 -si) "fridge"; ǂàʔú-ǂȁèhà (n3 -si) "fridge"; ǂàʔú-ǂàʔú "cool something down (e.g. a wound, by blowing on it)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂeʔu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀau

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂáo ~ ǂăö́ ~ ǂă-áoː

References : Bleek 303, 654, 656-7; Dickens 300; Snyman 26.

RefLex number: 2008

Proto-Ju: *ǂam

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: ostrich

Juǀʼhoan : ǂàmm (n2 -si) ~ ɡǂàmm (n2)

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂaˤm̀

!Kung (Doke): ǂam

!Kung (Vedder): ǂăm

Tsumkwe : ǂām̄m

Tsintsabis : ǂām̄ḿ

Okongo : ǂàḿm̀

Leeunes : ǂām̄m̀

Mpunguvlei : ǂām̄m̀

South Omatako : ǂām̄m̀

Kameeldoring : ǂām̄m̀

References : Bleek 656; Dickens 206; Snyman 1997: 81.

RefLex number: 337

Proto-Ju: *ǂam

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to wrap around, twist

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂám

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂem

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂaːm

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂám // ǂam̀mi "to wring or twist up" (?)

!Kung (Vedder): ǂám

Tsumkwe : ǂám

Tsintsabis : ǂám

Okongo : ǂám

Leeunes : ǂám

Mpunguvlei : ǂám

Cuito : ǂám

Cuando : ǂám

South Omatako : ǂám

North Omatako : ǂám

Kameeldoring : ǂàˤm

Lister : ǂàˤm

Notes : The Kameeldoring and Lister forms are highly irregular due to "extra" pharyngealization (as well as unclear tonal characteristics). Contamination with an unknown source is not excluded.

References : Bleek 655, 656; Dickens 298; Snyman 17; Snyman 1997: 81.

RefLex number: 1980

Proto-Ju: *ǂani

Meaning: to be chipped off (enamel)

Tsintsabis : ǂáni

Okongo : ǂáni

Leeunes : ǂxãí́ (?)

Mpunguvlei : ǂání

Cuito : ǂání

Cuando : ǂání

South Omatako : ǂxã̀í́

North Omatako : ǂxã̀í́

Kameeldoring : ǂxãi

References : Snyman 1997: 99.

RefLex number: 3074

Proto-Ju: *ǂao

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to hit (by firing or throwing)

Juǀʼhoan : ǂȁȍʰ

Tsumkwe : ǂáo

Tsintsabis : ǂáo

Leeunes : ǂāo

Mpunguvlei : ǂāo

Cuito : ǂāo

Cuando : ǂāo

South Omatako : ǂào

Kameeldoring : ǂào

References : Dickens 299; Snyman 1997: 81.

RefLex number: 1987

Proto-Ju: *ǂara

Meaning: to wait

Cuito : ǂālā

Cuando : ǂàlà

References : Snyman 1997: 96.

RefLex number: 3077

Proto-Ju: *ǂau

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: side of body

Juǀʼhoan : ǂȁȕʰ (n5 -si) "kidney" // ǂȁȕʰ-šòšòrò ~ ǂȁȕʰ-!ʼòò-!ʼòrò (n5 -si) "kidney"

Mpunguvlei : ǂāù

Cuito : ǂāù

Cuando : ǂāù

References : Dickens 299; Snyman 1997: 99.

RefLex number: 2000

Proto-Ju: *ǂãũ

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to get bigger, grow

Juǀʼhoan : ǂáṹ

References : Dickens 299.

RefLex number: 2002

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼã

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to stink; smell, scent

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼã́ã́ (n5 -si) "scent, smell, odour"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂʼaa "to stink"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂã "scent, to smell"

References : Bleek 640; Dickens 304; Snyman 19.

RefLex number: 2114

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼã

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: a k. of knife

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼã̀ (n4 -si) "Ovambo knife"

!Kung (Doke): ǂaː "sheath knife of Ovambo"

!Kung (Vedder): ǂã̄ "spear, knife with two blades"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂʼã̀ "sheath knife"

References : Bleek 640; Dickens 305; Snyman 1980: 9.

RefLex number: 2128

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼã

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to blow, suck up; wind

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼá-pòm (n3 -si) "wind-pump"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂã ~ ǂaː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂã "to blow as the wind"

Tsintsabis : ǂʼà "wind"

Leeunes : ǂʼà "wind"

Mpunguvlei : ǂʼà "smell carried in wind"

Cuito : ǂʼà "wind"

Cuando : ǂʼà "wind"

South Omatako : ǂʼà "wind"

North Omatako : ǂʼà "wind"

Kameeldoring : ǂʼà "wind"

Lister : ǂʼa "wind"

References : Bleek 640; Snyman 1997: 55.

RefLex number: 2136

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼabe

Meaning: to bend back, curl

Cuito : ǂʼàbè

Cuando : ǂʼàbè

References : Snyman 1997: 96.

RefLex number: 3078

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼai

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to ladle, scoop

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼàì

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂʼei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂiː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂé

!Kung (Doke): ǂeː

!Kung (Vedder): ǂeː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂe

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂʼài

References : Bleek 642, 652; Dickens 305; Snyman 51; Snyman 1980: 9.

RefLex number: 2122

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼama

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to stick

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼàmà "to stick to, cling to, sit very close to; (?) to serve (food on a pestle)" // ǂʼà=ǂʼàmà "to put in one place, make a collection of"; ǂʼàmà-tà-ɡǂʰàè (n3 -si) "food plants, Aponogeton rehmannii hereroensis, Rennera limnophila; water-lilies, Nymphaea capensis, N. indica, N. caerulea" (?)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂʼama "sticky"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂʼamma "to stick in"

References : Bleek 641; Dickens 305, 306; Snyman 51.

RefLex number: 2126

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼare

Meaning: to think

South Omatako : ǂʼàrè

North Omatako : ǂʼàrè

Kameeldoring : ǂʼàrè

References : Snyman 1997: 80.

RefLex number: 3100

Proto-Ju: *ǂʼau

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to be slow, go slowly

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂʼȁù // ǂʼáú-sí (n5) "care, slowness"; ǂʼáú-šè "carefully"

Tsumkwe : ǂʼāù

Tsintsabis : ǂʼāù-šè

Okongo : ǂʼāù-šè

Leeunes : ǂʼāù

South Omatako : ǂʼāù

North Omatako : ǂʼāù

Kameeldoring : ǂʼāù

References : Dickens 306; Snyman 1997: 80.

RefLex number: 2140