North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ǂõˤ (ʼɳǂ-)

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to sit with outstretched legs

Juǀʼhoan : ǂõ̀ˤ "to stretch out one's legs while sitting or lying down"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂõˤõ

Kavango : ʔɳǂũ̏ˤ (W) ~ ɳǂũ̏ˤ (E)

References : Dickens 302; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 29.

RefLex number: 2061

Proto-Ju: *ǂoˤʔo

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: pipe-oil (oily residue found in a smoking-pipe)

Juǀʼhoan : ǂòˤʔó (n5 -si)

Lister : ǂòˤʔó "to smoke"

References : Dickens 302; Snyman 1997: 90.

RefLex number: 2064

Proto-Ju: *ǂoˤni

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: crocodile

Juǀʼhoan : ǂòˤnì (n2)

References : Dickens 302.

RefLex number: 2062

Proto-Ju: *ǂom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to believe

Juǀʼhoan : ǂóm // (n5 -si) "belief, trust"; ǂóm-žùà (n1 -si) "believer"; ǂóm-ǂóm (n1 -si) "truthful person, honest person"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂom

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǂóm

References : Bleek 648; Dickens 302; Snyman 18.

RefLex number: 2054

Proto-Ju: *ǂuʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to die; to dry up

Juǀʼhoan : ǂȕùʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂʰuu "to die"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂù ~ ǂʰu "to dry"

References : Bleek 661, 664; Dickens 302; Snyman 20.

RefLex number: 2074

Proto-Ju: *ǂũʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: star

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂũ̏ʰ (n3 -si)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǂõẽ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂõ ~ ǂũ̌

!Kung (Doke): ǂuŋ

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǂṹː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂũ ~ ǂɔ̃ ~ !ü̃

References : Bleek 469, 648, 663, 664, 665; Dickens 302.

RefLex number: 2070

Proto-Ju: *ǂũʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to kick something off one's foot

Juǀʼhoan : ǂũ̏ũ̀ʰ

References : Dickens 302.

RefLex number: 2075

Proto-Ju: *ǂxã

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: far

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxã́ // ǂxã́-á "to be far from"; ǂxã́-sí (n5 -si) "distance"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂxã́ː ~ ǂa ~ !ã̄ ~ !ʰã̄ ~ ǀxã̄ ~ ǀkã

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxã̀ ~ ǂxắ ~ ǂa

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂxa ~ ǀxa // ǂxeǂxe "far off"; ǂxana "long" [?]

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxá

Tsumkwe : ǂxã́

Tsintsabis : ǂxã́

Okongo : ǂxã́

Leeunes : ǂxã́

Mpunguvlei : ǂxã́

Cuito : ǂxã́

Cuando : ǂxã́

South Omatako : ǂxã́

North Omatako : ǂxã̀

Kameeldoring : ǂxã́

Lister : ǂxã̀a

References : Bleek 295, 362, 401, 423, 653, 678, 679; Dickens 303; Snyman 52; Snyman 1980: 38; Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 2079

Proto-Ju: *ǂxã

Meaning: to file (teeth)

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂxã

References : Bleek 678.

RefLex number: 3139

Proto-Ju: *ǂxae

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: daughter

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàè (n1 -sĩ)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxae

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂxeː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxé

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂxe

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxàe

References : Bleek 679; Dickens 303; Snyman 52; Snyman 1980: 36.

RefLex number: 2082

Proto-Ju: *ǂxai

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: to wake up

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxáí "to wake up; good morning!, hello! (interj.)" // ǂxáí-ǂxáí "to wake someone up; be partly hatched (of eggs)"; (?) ǂxáí (n5 -si) "eye, sights (of a rifle)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxei

Tsumkwe : ǂxái "how are you this morning?"

Tsintsabis : ǂxái

Okongo : ǂxái

Leeunes : ǂxái

South Omatako : ǂxái

North Omatako : ǂxái

Kameeldoring : ǂxái

Lister : ǂxái

References : Dickens 303; Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 2083

Proto-Ju: *ǂxai

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: mid-afternoon

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàì

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxei

References : Dickens 303; Snyman 52.

RefLex number: 2085

Proto-Ju: *ǂxãĩ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to tremble; to be frightened

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxã̀ĩ̀ "get a fright, be frightened, be afraid" // (n5) "fright"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxẽĩ "to start"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂxẽ ~ ǂxi "to be cold" (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxaŋ "to tremble, shiver, make haste"

!Kung (Doke): ǂàn "to tremble, shiver"

!Kung (Vedder): ǂân

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxàŋ

Kavango : ǂxàŋ

Tsumkwe : ǂxài

Tsintsabis : ǂxàŋ

Okongo : ǂxàŋ

Leeunes : ǂxàŋ

Mpunguvlei : ǂxàŋ

Cuito : ǂxàŋ

Cuando : ǂxàŋ

South Omatako : ǂxàŋ

North Omatako : ǂxàŋ

Kameeldoring : ǂxàŋ

Lister : ǂxãĩ

References : Bleek 656, 678, 679, 680; Dickens 303; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 30; Snyman 1980: 9; Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 2086

Proto-Ju: *ǂxam

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: sharp

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàm "to be sharp; (?) to give birth prematurely, miscarry"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxaˤḿm "to sharpen as a piece of wood"

References : Bleek 681; Dickens 303.

RefLex number: 2089

Proto-Ju: *ǂxama

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to dig out (e.g. an animal from its burrow)

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàmà

References : Dickens 303.

RefLex number: 2090

Proto-Ju: *ǂxama

Meaning: grandchild

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǂxama

References : Bleek 678.

RefLex number: 3138

Proto-Ju: *ǂxami

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to console, comfort

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxámí

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxemi

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxam̀ì

Tsumkwe : ǂxámí

Tsintsabis : ǂxámí

Okongo : ǂxámí

Leeunes : ǂxáu (?)

Mpunguvlei : ǂxàmì

Cuito : ǂxàmì

Cuando : ǂxalo (?)

South Omatako : ǂxáu (?)

North Omatako : ǂxámi

Kameeldoring : ǂxámi

References : Dickens 303; Snyman 52; Snyman 1980: 9; Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 2091

Proto-Ju: *ǂxau

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to rub, smear

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàù // ǂxàù-ɳǀȍmà (n5 -si) "ointment"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǂxeu "smear"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxáu ~ ǂao ~ ǂʰáo "to rub oneself"

!Kung (Doke): ǂʰao

References : Bleek 657, 660, 678; Dickens 303; Snyman 21.

RefLex number: 2095

Proto-Ju: *ǂxei

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to flicker, glitter, shine

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxàì-ǂxàì-à

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxĭ́ "shining, bright"

References : Bleek 680; Dickens 303.

RefLex number: 2087

Proto-Ju: *ǂxʼai

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: copper bead

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǂxʼàì (n5) "copper jewellery (a piece)"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǂkʼi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǂxʼī́ "bright beads"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǂxʼàí

Tsumkwe : ǂxʼài

Tsintsabis : ǂxʼái

Okongo : ǂxʼai

Leeunes : ǂxʼài

Mpunguvlei : ǂxʼàí

Cuando : ǂxʼàí

References : Bleek 662, 668; Dickens 301; Snyman 1980: 9; Snyman 1997: 97.

RefLex number: 2030