North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀaʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: to leave, leave alone

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȁʰ // (n5 -si) "leaving, departure"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀǀaː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀaː

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀǀâ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀa

Kavango : ɳǀǀȁ

Ekoka : ɳǀǀã̏

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀã̄

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀã̄

Okongo : ɳǀǀã̄

Leeunes : ɳǀǀā

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀā

Cuito : ɳǀǀā

South Omatako : ɳǀǀà kò dàŋ ~ ɳǀǀã̄

North Omatako : ɳǀǀà kò dĩ̀ ~ ɳǀǀã̄

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀã̄

Lister : ɳǀǀà dĩ̀ ~ ɳǀǀã̄

References : Bleek 612; Dickens 255; KH 137; Snyman 17; Snyman 1997: 62, 84.

RefLex number: 1268

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀam

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: rib

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȁmm (n5 -si)

South Omatako : ɳǀǀām̄ʔḿ

North Omatako : ɳǀǀām̄ʔḿ

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀām̄ʔḿ

References : Dickens 255; Snyman 1997: 50.

RefLex number: 1273

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀari

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to drill; to make fire with firesticks

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀàrì ~ ɳǀǀàì-ɳǀǀàrì

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀeri

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀǀarri

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀárri

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀǀara

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀaʰli "to spin" // ɳǀǀaʰli daʔa "to make fire with sticks"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳǀǀàrì

Kavango : ɳǀǀàʔàri̋ "switch, beat with birch" (?)

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀàrì

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀarì

Okongo : ɳǀǀarì

Leeunes : ɳǀǀàri

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀarì

Cuito : ɳǀǀarì

Cuando : ɳǀǀarì ~ ɳǀǀalì

South Omatako : ɳǀǀalì

North Omatako : ɳǀǀalì

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀàrì

Lister : ɳǀǀàrì

References : Bleek 615; Dickens 256; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 64; Snyman 1980: 42; Snyman 1997: 63; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1270

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀauʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to shave

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȁùʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀeu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀǀau

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀãũh

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀàù

References : Bleek 616; Dickens 256; Snyman 64; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1290

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀãũˤ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to scatter, sow

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀã̏ũ̀ˤ "scatter, waste"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀãõˤ

References : Dickens 256; Snyman 31.

RefLex number: 1281

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰa

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: first; later

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰȁà "only (then), first" // ɳǀǀʰȁà xʼáí-šè "long ago"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀǀa "then, afterwards"

References : Bleek 612; Dickens 256.

RefLex number: 1295

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰai

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: inside of the thigh

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰáí ~ ɳǀǀʰáí-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si)

References : Dickens 256.

RefLex number: 1298

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰai (?)

Tonal pattern: XX [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: nine

Kavango : ɳǀǀʰȁi (W), ǀǀʰȁi (E)

Ekoka : ɳǀǀʰàì

Notes : A puzzling Northern isogloss.

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 137.

RefLex number: 3194

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰã

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to vomit

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰã̀

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀʼʰã̀-šòe "cough up blood"

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀʼʰã̀-šoè "cough up blood"

Leeunes : ɳǀǀʼʰã̀-šòe

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀʼʰã́-šòe "cough up blood"

Cuando : ǀǀʼʰã́-!xà "cough up blood"

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀʼʰã̀-šòe

References : Dickens 256.

RefLex number: 1299

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰãẽˤ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: carrot

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰã̏ẽ̀ˤ (n3)

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀʼʰã̀eˤ

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀã̀i

Okongo : ɳǀǀã̀i

Leeunes : ɳǀǀã̀i

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀàìˤ

References : Dickens 257; Snyman 1997: 63.

RefLex number: 1301

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰã ~ *čʰi-ɳǀǀʰã

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to throw

Juǀʼhoan : čʰì-ɳǀǀʰã́ "shoot"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): čʰi-ɳǀǀʼʰa "to shoot"

!Kung (Lloyd) : čʰiŋ ǀǀʰaː

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀǀʼʰaː

!Kung (Wilhelm): ciŋ-ǀǀʰaː "to shoot"

!O!Kung (Snyman): tĩ̀-ǀǀʼʰá "to shoot"

Kavango : cʰȉ-ɳǀǀʰá (E) ~ ṣːȉ- (W) "shoot at"

Ekoka : ɳǀǀá-lā "throw away"

Tsumkwe : čʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰã́

Tsintsabis : čʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰã́

Okongo : tĩ̀-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Leeunes : čʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰã

Mpunguvlei : tĩ̀-ɳǀǀʼʰá ~ čʰī-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Cuito : ti-ǀǀʼʰá ~ čʰĩ́-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Cuando : tĩ̀-ɳǀǀʼʰá ~ čʰī-ɳǀǀʼʰá ~ cì-ɳǀǀʼʰá

North Omatako : čʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Kameeldoring : čʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Lister : cʰì-ɳǀǀʼʰá

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): tsching-há "to shoot" .

Notes : Sometimes confused with *ɳǀǀaʰ "to leave alone, let go".

References : Bleek 230, 619; Dickens 268; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 3; Snyman 1980: 3; Snyman 1997: 72.

RefLex number: 1477

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰŋʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to scrape, sharpen (blade), set (trap)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰȁʰŋ

References : Dickens 256.

RefLex number: 1297

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰom

Meaning: to shine

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀʼʰóm

Tsintsabis : ǀǀʼʰóm

Okongo : ǀǀʼʰóm

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀʼʰóm

Cuito : ǀǀʼʰóm

References : Snyman 1997: 63.

RefLex number: 3115

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰoˤʔoru

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: aloe, Aloe zebrina

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰȍˤʔòrù (n3 -si) // (?) ɳǀǀʰȕrù (n3 -si) "aloe sp., saw"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀʼʰoˤru

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀʼʰūrù

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀʼʰùrù

Leeunes : ɳǀǀʼʰùrú

Cuito : ɳǀǀòlú

Cuando : ɳǀǀòˤlù

North Omatako : ɳǀǀòˤrú

References : Dickens 257; Snyman 65; Snyman 1997: 63.

RefLex number: 1308

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰuri

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to pass under (e.g. a low-growing tree)

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀʰȕrȉ ~ ɳ!ʰȕrȉ

Kavango : ɳǀǀùnì "to pass along"

References : Dickens 252, 257; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 1207

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀʰuru

Meaning: afternoon

Kavango : ɳǀǀʰùrű (W), ǀǀʼʰùrű (E)

References : Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 3152

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoʔm

Tonal pattern: LX [j] ~ LH [k]

Meaning: to lick clean, wipe clean

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀòʔm "to wipe clean with one's finger, lick clean"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀomʔm

Kavango : ɳǀǀòʔm̋

Tsumkwe : ɳǀǀòm̀ḿ

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

Okongo : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

Leeunes : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

South Omatako : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

North Omatako : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

Lister : ɳǀǀòm̀ʔḿ

References : Dickens 258; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 47; Snyman 1997: 63.

RefLex number: 1335

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀobe-sa

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: chameleon

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍbè-sà (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀobe-sa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀǀɔmi-sa "agama lizard"

Nogau : nába-sa ~ ɳ!obé-sa

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀʼʰòbó-sè ~ ǀǀʼʰòbòbó-sè

Lister : ɳǀǀòbè-sà

References : Bleek 142, 480, 620; Dickens 257; Snyman 36; Snyman 1997: 61.

RefLex number: 1317

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoboʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to beckon, call towards oneself

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍbȍʰ

References : Dickens 257.

RefLex number: 1319

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀõˤʔã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: frog sp.

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍˤʔã̀ (n2)

Kavango : ɳǀǀõ̀ʔã́

References : Dickens 258; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 1326