North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀõˤʔã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: stone used to stroke the shaft of an arrow in order to straighten it

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍˤʔã̀ (n2 -si) // ɳǀǀȍˤʔã̀-!ʼàè (n3 -si) "stony veld"; (?) ɳǀǀȍˤʔã̀-!ʼàè (n3) "plant sp., Ocimum americanum"

References : Dickens 1994: 258.

RefLex number: 1327

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoˤ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: dry river-bed

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀòˤ "place, territory" (n3 -si) (?)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀoˤo

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀòˤ "river"

References : Dickens 258; Snyman 19; Snyman 1997: 93.

RefLex number: 1324

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoˤʔobo

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to wade

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍˤʔòbò

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀoˤbo

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀoˤvo "walking in water"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳǀǀoˤbo

Kavango : ɳǀǀȍbȍ "swim over"

References : Dickens 258; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 64; Snyman 1980: 10; Weich 58.

RefLex number: 1331

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoˤʔorV

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: bark

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍˤʔòrò (n5 -si) // ɳǀǀȍˤʔòrò-ǀʼó-sì (n5) "bark"

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀuli

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀʌli ~ ɳ!uli

Kavango : ɳǀǀùrì "peel or bark"

References : Bleek 484, 622; Dickens 258; Heikkinen 1986; Weich 58.

RefLex number: 1332

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoˤra

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to squeeze out (water, etc.)

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȍȁˤrà

Kavango : ɳǀǀȁˤrȁ

References : Dickens 257; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 1316

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoˤru (*ɳ!̯-)

Tonal pattern: HH [k] ~ MH [e]

Meaning: blood

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀóru, ɳǀǀo_ru

Kavango : ɳǀǀoˤő^rű

Ekoka : ɳǀǀoˤ̄lú

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀòrù

Okongo : ɳǀǀòrù

Leeunes : ɳǀǀòrú

Notes : Class 4.

References : Bleek 621; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 1997: 86.

RefLex number: 3055

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀoro

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to be crowded, crammed

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀòrò // (?) ɳǀǀòrò !ȁòʰ "to move house (within one village)"

References : Dickens 258.

RefLex number: 1333

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀu

Meaning: to rot

Kavango : ʔɳǀǀùű (W), ɳǀǀùű (E)

References : Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 3153

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀũ

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to escort, accompany

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀṹ

References : Dickens 258.

RefLex number: 1339

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀũ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: (to be) dumb

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀũ̏ũ̀ // ɳǀǀũ̏ũ̀ (n1 -si) "deaf-mute person"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀʰuũ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀuŋ-a "ignorant" [?]

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀũṹ

References : Bleek 622; Dickens 259; Snyman 29; Weich 58.

RefLex number: 1342

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀũʔũ

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ MH [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: to play

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀũ̏ʔũ̀

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀe̯ʔũ̀ ~ ɳǀǀʔù ~ ɳǀǀʔú ~ ɳǀǀʔùŋ

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀũh

Kavango : ɳǀǀóʔũ̋

Ekoka : ɳǀǀũ̏

Tsintsabis : ɳǀǀũ̄ʔù

Okongo : ɳǀǀũ̄ʔù

Leeunes : ɳǀǀũ̄ʔù

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀũ̀

Cuito : ɳǀǀũ̀

Cuando : ɳǀǀũ̀ ~ ɳǀǀũ

South Omatako : ɳǀǀũʔu

North Omatako : ɳǀǀũʔu

Kameeldoring : ɳǀǀũʔu

References : Bleek 619, 621; Dickens 259; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 1997: 44; Weich 58.

RefLex number: 1343

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀuʔuru

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: shoulder; shoulderblade

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȕʔùrù (n5 -si) "shoulder"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀǀuʔuru

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!oru "shoulderblade"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀʔúru "shoulderblade bone"

Kavango : ɳǀǀúʔúrű

References : Bleek 481, 622; Dickens 259; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 26.

RefLex number: 1344

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀubu

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to churn

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȕbù // ɳǀǀȕbù-ɳǀáí-á (n5 -si) "butter"

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀuhvú

References : Dickens 258; Weich 58.

RefLex number: 1338

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀǀuri (*ɳǀǀʰ-)

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to try, try out one's luck

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀǀȕrì

Kavango : ʼɳǀǀùri̋ (W) ~ ɳǀǀùri̋ (E) "practise, train" // ɳǀǀʰùri̋ (W) ~ ǀǀʰùri̋ (E) "try hard"

Notes : Two roots?

References : Dickens 258; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 1341

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰã (ʼɳǀʰ-)

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XL [k]

Meaning: aardvark, antbear

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀʰã̀

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰaã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀáˤ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʰã̀

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀʰã

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼʰàa

Kavango : ʔɳǀȅè (W) ~ ɳǀʰã̀ ~ ǀʼʰã̀ (E)

Tsumkwe : ɳǀʼʰã

Tsintsabis : ɳǀʼʰã̀

Okongo : ǀʼʰã́

Leeunes : ɳǀʼʰã́

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰã̀á

Cuito : ǀʼʰè

Cuando : ǀʰè

South Omatako : ɳǀʼʰã̀

Kameeldoring : ɳǀʼʰã̀

Lister : ɳǀʼʰã

Various addenda: Shortridge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): ǀʰã. Shortridge (!Kung): ǀʰã.

References : Bleek 286, 342, 347; Dickens 240; Snyman 29; Snyman 1980: 31; Snyman 1997: 58.

RefLex number: 973

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰao

Tonal pattern: LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: grass seeds

Kavango : ɳǀʰào

Ekoka : ɳǀʰàò

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 135.

RefLex number: 3185

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰi

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ HH [k]

Meaning: laughter

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀʰàí

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰei

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀhĩ "to laugh"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼʰòi

Kavango : ɳǀʰi̋ "scorn"

Tsumkwe : ɳǀʼʰàí

Tsintsabis : ɳǀʼʰí

Okongo : ǀʼʰí

Leeunes : ɳǀʼʰàí

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰí

Cuito : ǀʰí

Cuando : ǀʰí

South Omatako : ɳǀʼʰái

North Omatako : ɳǀʼʰái

Kameeldoring : ɳǀʼʰái

Lister : ɳǀʼʰái

References : Bleek 347; Dickens 240; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 62; Snyman 1980: 13; Snyman 1997: 58.

RefLex number: 971

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰui

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XL [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to take, catch (pl. action)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀʰȕì // ɳǀʰȕì-à kʰòè "get married"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰwi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳǀúí

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀwí

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰúi

Kavango : ɳǀȕì

Ekoka : ɳǀȕʰì

Tsumkwe : ɳǀʼʰui

Tsintsabis : ɳǀùí

Okongo : ɳǀùí

Leeunes : ɳǀʼʰùí

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀʼʰùi

Cuito : ɳǀʰùi

Cuando : ɳǀʼʰùi

South Omatako : ɳǀùí

North Omatako : ɳǀʼʰúi

Kameeldoring : ɳǀʼʰúi

Lister : ɳǀʼʰúi

References : Bleek 352; Dickens 240; Heikkinen 1986; KH 135; Snyman 24; Snyman 1980: 52; Snyman 1997: 58.

RefLex number: 977

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰui

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: mouse

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀʰȕì (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰwi

Nogau : nui

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀŭhī́

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀʰwiː

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀũĩʰ

Tsumkwe : ɳǀʼʰūì

Tsintsabis : ɳǀʼʰùi

Okongo : ǀʼʰùi

Leeunes : ɳǀʼʰùi

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰũ̀i

Cuito : ǀʼʰũ̀i

Cuando : ǀʼʰũ̀i ~ ɳǀʼʰūi

South Omatako : ɳǀʼʰùi

North Omatako : ɳǀʼʰùi

Kameeldoring : ɳǀʼʰùi

Lister : ɳǀʼʰùi

Notes : Weich's transcription (voiced efflux plus nasalization plus aspiration) most probably should be "decoded" as the standard nasalized aspirated click.

References : Bleek 149, 347, 351; Dickens 240; Snyman 62; Snyman 1997: 58; Weich 19.

RefLex number: 978

Proto-Ju: *ɳǀʰũĩ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to breathe

Juǀʼhoan : ɳǀʰũ̏ĩ̏

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳǀʼʰwĩ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʰū ~ ǀʰũ "to breathe deeply" // ǀŭhĩ́ ~ ǀwhē̃́ "to breathe"

!Kung (Doke): ǀʼwĩ

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʰũ̄

Kavango : ǀʼʰũ̏

Tsumkwe : ɳǀʼʰũ̄i

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰũ̀

Okongo : ǀʼʰũ̀

Leeunes : ǀʼʰũ̀

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰũ̀

Cuito : ǀʼʰũ̀

Cuando : ǀʼʰũ̀

South Omatako : ǀʼʰũ̀i

North Omatako : ɳǀʼʰũ̀i

Kameeldoring : ɳǀʼʰũ̀i

Lister : ɳǀʼʰũ̀i

References : Bleek 289, 358, 362; Dickens 240; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 32; Snyman 1997: 58.

RefLex number: 980