North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯aʔa

Tonal pattern: LX [j] ~ LL [k] ~ ML [e]

Meaning: big

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ã̏ʔã̀ "to be big, be fat, be old (of people), be adult, be grown-up (sg. subj.)" // ɳ!ȁ-ɳ!ã̏ʔã̀ "fast, loudly, in a big way, much"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!aʔa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!a ~ ɳ!aː ~ ɳ!aː-si

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀʔá // ɳǀǀé ắ ~ ɳǀǀĕ-ã́ ~ ɳǀǀĕ ǀǀá "to be large, increase"

!Kung (Doke): -ɳ!̯ʔa

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀãʔã

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀa ~ ɳǀǀaː

Kavango : ɳǀǀàʔà

Ekoka : ɳǀǀà ~ ɳǀǀāʔà

Tsumkwe : ɳ!ã̄ʔà

Tsintsabis : ɳ!ã̄ʔà

Okongo : ɳǀǀã̄ʔà

Leeunes : ɳ!̯ã̀ʔa

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀã̀ʔá

Cuito : ɳǀǀã̀ʔá

Cuando : ɳǀǀã̀ʔá

South Omatako : ɳ!àʔá

North Omatako : ɳ!àʔá

Kameeldoring : ɳ!àʔá

Lister : ɳ!ã̀ʔá

Notes : The nasalisation in several dialects is unclear; since it does not function within NK as a morphological marker, it probably gets transferred onto the vowel under the influence of the nasal efflux.

References : Bleek 471, 474, 511, 612, 613, 618; Dickens 249, 250; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 25; Snyman 1997: 61; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1147

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ãʔa

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: dawn

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ã̏ʔã̀ (n5) // ɳ!ã̏ʔã̀-ǂõ̏ (n3) "morning-star, Venus"

Kavango : ɳ!ãʔa

References : Dickens 250; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 1177

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aʔi

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: plant sp., moerwortel, Ortanthera jasminiflora

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁʔì (n3 -si) // (?) ɳ!àʔì (n3 -si) "plant spp., Merremia tridentata, M. palmata"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!eʔi

References : Dickens 250; Snyman 26.

RefLex number: 1179

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aʔi

Meaning: distant

Mpunguvlei : ɳ!àʔi

Cuito : ɳ!àʔi

Cuando : ɳ!àʔi

References : Snyman 1997: 98.

RefLex number: 3076

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aba

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: sjambok (whip)

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àbà (n3 -si) "whip, sjambok"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!abba "rhinoceros"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!abba "rhinoceros"

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɳ!ắbă "rhinoceros"

Kavango : ɳ!àbà "a whip"

Tsumkwe : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Tsintsabis : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Okongo : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Leeunes : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Mpunguvlei : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Cuito : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Cuando : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

South Omatako : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

North Omatako : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Kameeldoring : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

Lister : ɳ!àbà "sjambok"

References : Bleek 472; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 61.

RefLex number: 1119

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aba

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: to follow someone (after they have left)

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àbà

Kavango : ɳ!ábá

Ekoka : ɳ!ābā

References : Dickens 247; Heikkinen 1986; KH 135.

RefLex number: 1120

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯abu

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: wing

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁbù (n5 -si)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!abu-ši "wings (of ostrich)"

!Kung (Doke): !̯kʰavu ~ ŋ!̯kʰavu

!Kung (Vedder): ɡ!àwu

References : Bleek 151, 380, 470, 472; Dickens 247.

RefLex number: 1125

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ae

Tonal pattern: MM [e]

Meaning: to chew

Ekoka : ɳ!āē

References : KH 135.

RefLex number: 3187

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ae (*!̯-)

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to be born

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!áé

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ae

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!ai

!Kung (Doke): ŋǀǀkaʔe "to bear a child"

References : Bleek 150, 472; Dickens 248; Snyman 22.

RefLex number: 1126

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aˤ

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to scratch

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àˤ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!aˤa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!à

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!áːˤ

!Kung (Doke): ɳ!aː

!Kung (Vedder): ɳ!àː

Kavango : ɳ!ã̏ˤ

Ekoka : ɳ!̯àˤȁ (?)

References : Bleek 510; Dickens 249; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 19.

RefLex number: 1151

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯ãˤʔã

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ HH [k]

Meaning: veld-fire, fire-blackened veld

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àˤʔã́ (n4 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!aˤʔa

Kavango : ɳǀǀãˤ́

Tsumkwe : ɳ!àˤʔá

Tsintsabis : ɳ!̯àʔá

Okongo : ɳǀǀàˤʔá

Leeunes : ɳ!̯áˤ

Mpunguvlei : ɳǀǀàˤa

Cuito : ɳǀǀàˤa

Cuando : ɳǀǀàˤa

South Omatako : ɳ!àˤʔá

Kameeldoring : ɳ!àˤʔá

Lister : ɳ!àˤʔá

References : Dickens 249; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 25; Snyman 1997: 60.

RefLex number: 1152

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aˤʔa

Tonal pattern: XM [k] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: to pick (beans)

Kavango : ɳ!ȁˤʔá

Ekoka : ɳ!ȁˤà

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 136.

RefLex number: 3188

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aˤʔaro

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: chameleon

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁˤʔàròsà (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!aˤʔarosa

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!áˤrro, pl. ɳ!aɳ!árro-še

!Kung (Doke): +ɳ!aruː

!Kung (Weich): ɳ!aʰlo

Tsumkwe : ɳ!āˤʔàròsà

Tsintsabis : ɳ!āˤʔàrò

Okongo : ɳ!àrò

Leeunes : ɳ!àrò

Mpunguvlei : ɳ!àlò

Cuito : ɳ!àlò

Cuando : ɳ!àlò

South Omatako : ɳ!àˤrobè

North Omatako : ɳ!àˤrobè

Kameeldoring : ɳ!àˤrobè

References : Bleek 474; Dickens 249; Snyman 68; Snyman 1997: 61; Weich 52.

RefLex number: 1155

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!aˤʔi

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: crowned plover, Stephanibyx coronatus

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àˤʔì (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!aˤʔi

References : Dickens 249; Snyman 25.

RefLex number: 1158

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ai

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [k] ~ LX [e]

Meaning: angry; sharp; war, fight

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àì "war, fight"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!iː "war"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!e ~ ɳ!éï "fierce"

!Kung (Doke): ɳ!ai

!Kung (Vedder): ɳ!ai ~ ɳ!ài

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɳ!ai

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳ!e "sharp" // ɳ!ai ~ ɳ!e "war, fight"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳ!ài

Kavango : ɳ!ȁi "be sharp"

Ekoka : ɳ!àhȉ "be sharp" // ɳ!àhī "sharp"; ɳ!ȁì "quarrel"

Notes : Ekoka data suggest that the two roots are, in fact, may be different.

References : Bleek 472, 477, 478; Dickens 248; Heikkinen 1986; KH 136; Snyman 1980: 32.

RefLex number: 1131

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯amaʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to hug, embrace, cradle

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁmȁʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ʰama

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀava "embrace"

Kavango : ɳǀǀàbà "to embrace"

Ekoka : ɳǀǀȁbȁ "to cross (one's arms); to embrace, hug"

References : Dickens 248; Heikkinen 1986; KH 137; Snyman 64; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1134

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!am̩

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: poor

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àmm // ɳ!àmm (n1 -si) "poor person"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ʰem

References : Dickens 248; Snyman 64.

RefLex number: 1135

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ana

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ LM [k] ~ LM [e]

Meaning: to be like, resemble

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁnà

Kavango : ɳ!àná

Ekoka : ɳ!ànā

References : Dickens 248; KH 136.

RefLex number: 1139

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ani

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: three

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ànì

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!eni

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!wańna

Notes : All forms possibly borrowed from Central Khoisan.

References : Bleek 487; Dickens 249; Snyman 16.

RefLex number: 1144

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ao

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to load

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!àò // ɳ!àò-sí (n5 -si) "loading-place"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!àù ~ ɳ!àù-a

References : Bleek 476; Dickens 249.

RefLex number: 1149