North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯ao (*ɳǀǀ-?)

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: bow

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ȁȍʰ (n5 -si) "hunting-bow, gun, fire-arm" // ɳ!ȁȍʰ-čʼù (n5 -si) "gun bag"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!au

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳǀǀau

!Kung (Doke): ɳǀǀau

!Kung (Vedder): ɳǀǀào

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɳǀǀaːu

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀaoʰ "weapon; rifle"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀau

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀxʼái=ɳǀǀào

Kavango : ɳǀǀȁo

Ekoka : ɳǀǀȁȍ

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $nau "bowstring" .

Notes : Class 4. Correspondences should normally indicate PNK *ɳ!̯, but it is suspicious that all the !Kung entries in BD have a lateral influx; considering that external evidence (#Hoan) also points to a lateral, it may be more reasonable to suggest an irregularity (maybe even two different contaminated roots).

References : Bleek 475, 615, 616, 689; Dickens 249; Snyman 1980: 16; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1150

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!e (ʼɳ!-)

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to bite

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!áí

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!à ~ ɳ!eː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!áˤː ~ ɳ!eː ~ ɳ!èː

!Kung (Doke): ɳ!aː

!Kung (Vedder): ɳ!àː ~ ɳ!eː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀà

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳ!ài

Kavango : ʼɳ!áe (W) ~ ɳ!é (E)

Tsumkwe : ɳ!ái

Tsintsabis : ɳ!áe

Okongo : ɳ!áe

Leeunes : ɳ!áe

Mpunguvlei : ɳ!áe

Cuito : ɳ!áe

Cuando : ɳ!áe

South Omatako : ɳ!àe

North Omatako : ɳ!ái

Kameeldoring : ɳ!ái

Lister : ɳ!ái

References : Bleek 341, 477, 510; Dickens 248; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 34; Snyman 1997: 61.

RefLex number: 1130

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ʰe

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XL [e]

Meaning: lion

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ʰȁì (n2) // ɳ!ʰȁì-dí (n2 -sĩ) "lioness"; ɳ!ʰȁì-mà, pl. ɳ!ʰȁìmʰí (n2) "lion cub"; ɳ!ʰȁì-ɡ!úí (n5 -si) "pride of lions"; (?) ɳ!ʰȁì-ɡǀàʔá-ɳ!ũ̀-ɳǂȍȁnȁ (n3 -si) "bitterappel, Solanum delagoense"; (?) ɳ!ʰȁì-ǀárí (n4) "brown horsefly"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ʼʰei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!àì

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!è ~ ɳ!ē

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳ!àì ~ ɳ!è

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳ!ʼʰāè

Ekoka : ɳ!ȁhè

Tsumkwe : ɳ!ʼʰāì

Tsintsabis : ɳ!ē

Okongo : ɳ!ʼʰae

Leeunes : ɳ!āe

Mpunguvlei : ɳ!ʼʰàé

Cuito : ɳ!ʼʰàé

Cuando : ɳ!ʼʰàé ~ ɳ!āe

South Omatako : ɳ!āe

North Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰài

Kameeldoring : ɳ!ʼʰài

Lister : ɳ!ʼʰài

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $nai. Zukowsky (!Kung): inhei.

Notes : Class 1.

References : Bleek 69, 472, 477, 689; Dickens 250; KH 136; Snyman 3; Snyman 1980: 10; Snyman 1997: 61.

RefLex number: 1184

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ʰõã

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: kudu

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ʰõ̏ã̏ (n2) // ɳ!ʰõ̏ã̏-ɳǀǀàˤ (n5 -si) "herd of kudu bulls"; (?) ɳ!ʰõ̀ã̀-ʔm-!ʼã́ (n5 -si) "soap bush, Helinus integrifolius; Grongothamnus divaricatus"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ʼʰwã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!wa ~ ɳ!woi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!ŭhã́ː ~ ɳ!whắ ~ !uhá ~ !whá

Kavango : ɳ!ʰõ̏ã̏

Ekoka : ɳ!ʰȍnȁ

Tsumkwe : ɳ!ʼʰõa

Tsintsabis : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

Okongo : !ʼʰȭa

Leeunes : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

Mpunguvlei : !ʼʰȭa

Cuito : !ʼʰȭa

Cuando : !ʼʰõ̀ã

South Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

North Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

Kameeldoring : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

Lister : ɳ!ʼʰȭa

Notes : Class 1.

References : Bleek 483, 487, 492; Dickens 251; Heikkinen 1986; KH 136; Snyman 64; Snyman 1997: 61.

RefLex number: 1192

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!ʰoba

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to speak a foreign language

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ʰòbá

Kavango : ɳ!ʰóbá (W)

Ekoka : ɳ!ʰóbá "speak"

Tsintsabis : !ʼʰòbà "to speak a Bantu language"

Okongo : !ʼʰòbà

Leeunes : ɳ!ʼʰòbà

Mpunguvlei : !ʼʰóbá

Cuito : !ʼʰóbá

Cuando : !ʼʰóbá

South Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰoba

North Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰóbá

Kameeldoring : ɳ!ʼʰòbà

References : Dickens 251; Heikkinen 1986; KH 136; Snyman 1997: 56.

RefLex number: 1193

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯ʰũ

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: mole (rodent)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!ʰũ̀ṹ (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!ʼʰõ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀʰũ̌ ~ ɳǀǀʰṹ

Tsumkwe : ɳ!ʼʰũ̀ũ

Tsintsabis : ɳ!ʼʰũ̀ṹ

Okongo : ǀǀʼʰũ̀ṹ

Leeunes : ɳǀǀʼʰũ̀

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀʼʰũ̀

Cuito : ǀǀʼʰũ̀

Cuando : ǀǀʼʰũ̀

South Omatako : ɳ!ʼʰũ̀ũ

Kameeldoring : ɳ!ʼʰṹ

Lister : ɳ!ʼʰṹ

References : Bleek 543, 619; Dickens 252; Snyman 64; Snyman 1997: 63.

RefLex number: 1210

Proto-Ju: *ɳ!̯ŋ

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to put down; to sit down

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɳ!a̋ŋ "to place, put down (in an upright position), sit up straight (sg. obj.); to fasten (e. g. a buckle) (sg. obj.)" // ɳ!a̋ŋ (n5 -si) "opportunity, time, occasion"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɳ!eŋ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɳ!í ~ ɳ!e

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɳ!̯ĩ ~ ɳǀǀĩ́ ~ ɳǀǀĩ̀ ~ ɳǀǀíŋ

!Kung (Weich): ɳǀǀaŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɳǀǀi ~ ǀǀŋ

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɳǀǀàŋ

Ekoka : ɳǀǀá "to put" (?)

References : Bleek 477, 478, 511, 611, 619; Dickens 248; KH 137; Snyman 63; Snyman 1980: 47; Weich 57.

RefLex number: 1141

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