North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀai

Meaning: tortoise

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀgăi "light-coloured tortoise"

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀai

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀgáíša

Kavango : ɡǀǀa̋i

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀái

Cuito : ɡǀǀái

Cuando : ɡǀǀái

References : Bleek 524, 525; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 76; Weich 21.

RefLex number: 3104

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀai

Meaning: female

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

!O!Kung (Bleek) : tsama ki ǀǀgai "hen bird"

Notes : A common Khoisan form, but for NK only attested by Bleek in !O!Kung.

References : Bleek 524.

RefLex number: 3155

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀaniʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: European nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀȁnȉʰ

Kavango : ɡǀǀȁnȉ "bird sp."

References : Dickens 215; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 566

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀao

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to hang (pl. action)

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀáó // ɡǀǀáó-sí (n5 -si) "place where one hangs things up"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀao "to perch"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀáuˤ

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀao

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀàó

References : Bleek 528; Dickens 215; Snyman 60; Snyman 1980: 51; Weich 23.

RefLex number: 568

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀao-ã

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: spirit, ghost

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀàòã̀ (n2 -si) // ɡǀǀàòã̀-žù-à (n1 -si) "devilish person"; ɡǀǀàòã̀-mà, pl. ɡǀǀàòã̀-mʰí (n2) "little devil, imp"; ɡǀǀàòã̀-čʰì (n5 -si) "grass sp."

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀãõwã "devil"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀǀãũwa

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀaŋʔa

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǀǀãuâ

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡǀǀaŋʔna "soul" // ɡǀǀăŋʔua "bad spirit"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡǀǀaũa

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀã̀ũwà "God"

Notes : Also Heiǀǀkum ɡǀǀauá-i pl.

References : Bleek 526, 529; Dickens 216; Snyman 60; Snyman 1980: 39.

RefLex number: 569

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀara

Tonal pattern: LM [k] ~ LM [e]

Meaning: to throw away (pl.)

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀgara

Kavango : ɡǀǀàrá

Ekoka : ɡǀǀàlā, ɡ!̯àlā

References : Bleek 527; Heikkinen 1986; KH 128, 131.

RefLex number: 3151

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀa-V (?)

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to press down

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀȁʰ

!Kung (Doke): ǀǀai

!Kung (Vedder): ǀǀai

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀai; ǀǀam (?)

References : Bleek 550, 554; Dickens 215.

RefLex number: 553

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀʰam̩

Meaning: hedgehog

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀʰemm

Various addenda: Shortridge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): ǀǀgām. Shortridge (!Kung): ǀǀgǝ̄mchi.

References : Bleek 525; Snyman 17.

RefLex number: 3051

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀʰom̩

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: club

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀȍmm (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀʰomm

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀǀùm̀ "knobkerrie"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀoˤḿm

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀōm̄m̀

Tsintsabis : ɡ!ōm̄m̀

Okongo : ɡ!ōm̄m̀

South Omatako : ɡǀǀōm̄ʔm̀

North Omatako : ɡǀǀōm̄ʔm̀

Kameeldoring : ɡǀǀōm̄ʔm̀

Lister : ɡǀǀōm̄m̀

References : Bleek 533, 535; Dickens 217; Snyman 18; Snyman 1997: 51.

RefLex number: 598

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀo

Meaning: illness

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀò

Okongo : ɡǀǀò

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀò

References : Snyman 1997: 82.

RefLex number: 3095

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoʔm

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to lactate profusely

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀòʔm

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀomʔm

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀòm̀ʔṁ

References : Dickens 217; Snyman 47; Snyman 1980: 42.

RefLex number: 604

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoʔobo

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to make a lot of noise

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀòʔó=ɡǀǀòʔóbó // ɡǀǀòʔó=ɡǀǀòʔóbó (n2) "goat"

References : Dickens 217.

RefLex number: 605

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoa

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: ashes

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǂȍȁʰ (n3) "soap"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǂóä ~ ɡǂwá

!Kung (Weich): ɡǂoaa

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡǂwà

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǂòá

Notes : Ekoka has ɡǀǀȍhà "ash", which does not correspond to these forms very well, but should be noted nevertheless.

References : Bleek 647, 649; Dickens 208; KH 132; Snyman 1980: 33; Weich 20.

RefLex number: 377

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoaˤ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: eland calf

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀòàˤ (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀwa

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀōà

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀòaˤ

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀõá

Okongo : ɡǀǀòama

Leeunes : ɡǀǀõà

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀȭamà

Cuito : ɡǀǀȭamà

Cuando : ɡǀǀȭà ~ ɡǀǀȭamà

North Omatako : ɡǀǀòa

Kameeldoring : ɡǀǀòa

References : Dickens 216; Snyman 24; Snyman 1980: 10; Snyman 1997: 51.

RefLex number: 588

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoba

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: skin for carrying a child

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀòbà (n5 -si) // ɡǀǀùbù-xù (n2 -si) "skin for carrying a child, car seat, saddle"

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀòˤbà

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀòbá

Okongo : ɡǀǀòbá

Leeunes : ɡǀǀòbá

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀòbá

Cuito : ɡǀǀòbá

Cuando : ɡǀǀòbá

South Omatako : ɡǀǀòbá

North Omatako : ɡǀǀòbá

Kameeldoring : ɡǀǀòbá

Lister : ɡǀǀòbá

References : Dickens 217; Snyman 1997: 51.

RefLex number: 594

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoeʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: sourplum, Ximenia caffra

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀȍȅʰ (n3)

References : Dickens 217.

RefLex number: 597

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoˤni

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: jewel beetle

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀȍˤnì (n2) // ɡǀǀȍˤnì-ɡ!ú (n5) "yellow"

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀõh "beetle" (?)

References : Dickens 217; Weich 24.

RefLex number: 600

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀom

Meaning: semen

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀóm

Leeunes : ɡǀǀóm

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀóm

Cuito : ɡǀǀóm

Cuando : ɡǀǀóm

South Omatako : ǂgxʼóm (?)

North Omatako : ǂgxʼóm (?)

References : Snyman 1997: 42.

RefLex number: 3129

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀuʔu

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to bark

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀùʔú

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀuʔu

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀū̀ ~ ɡǀǀū́

!Kung (Doke): ɡǀǀu

References : Bleek 534; Dickens 217; Snyman 26.

RefLex number: 612

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxaru

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: food plant, Lapeirousia bainesii

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀxàrú (n5)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀxeru

Ekoka : ɡǀǀxálúkúkú "edible wild plant sp."

References : Dickens 217; KH 132; Snyman 60.

RefLex number: 614