North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxʼa

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: mangetti tree

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀxʼàá (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀxʼaa

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀxʼàá

Kavango : ɡǀǀxʼá

Ekoka : ɡǀǀxʼā

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀxʼàá

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀxʼàa

Okongo : ǀǀxʼaa

Leeunes : ɡǀǀxʼà

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀxʼàa

Cuito : ǀǀxʼàa

Cuando : ǀǀxʼàa ~ ɡǀǀxʼàa

South Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼàa

North Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼàa

Notes : Class 1.

References : Dickens 216; Heikkinen 1986; KH 132; Snyman 61; Snyman 1980: 14; Snyman 1997: 52.

RefLex number: 583

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxʼani

Tonal pattern: MH [k] ~ MH [e]

Meaning: to grind one's teeth

Kavango : ɡǀǀxʼáni̋ni̋

Ekoka : ɡǀǀxʼānní

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 132.

RefLex number: 3180

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxʼanu

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: gristle, cartilage

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀxʼànú (n5 -si)

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀxʼàʔánú

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀxʼàní

Okongo : ǀǀxʼàní

Leeunes : ɡǀǀxʼàní

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀxʼàní

Cuito : ǀǀxʼàní

Cuando : ǀǀxʼàní

South Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼàní

North Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼàní

Kameeldoring : ɡǀǀxʼàní

Lister : ɡǀǀxʼànù

References : Dickens 216; Snyman 1997: 52.

RefLex number: 584

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxʼUm

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: upper arm

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀxʼóm (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀxʼom

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀǀum

Nogau : ɡ!òm "arm"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀkṹ "shoulder, arm"

Tsumkwe : ɡǀǀxʼóm

Tsintsabis : ǀǀxʼóm

Leeunes : ɡǀǀxʼóm

Cuito : ǀǀxʼóm

Cuando : ǀǀxʼom ~ ǀǀxʼóm

South Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼóm

North Omatako : ɡǀǀxʼóm

Kameeldoring : ɡǀǀxʼóm

Lister : ɡǀǀxʼóm

References : Bleek 385, 535, 591; Dickens 216; Snyman 61; Snyman 1997: 52.

RefLex number: 586

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxʼuni

Tonal pattern: HH [k] ~ MH [e]

Meaning: to remove, dig out

Kavango : ɡǀǀxʼűni̋

Ekoka : ɡǀǀxʼūnní

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 132.

RefLex number: 3181

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxoa

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: a k. of plant (Fockea angustifolia, kambro)

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xòá (n5) "plant sp., Fockea angustifolia"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xwaa

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xòá

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀxòa

Okongo : ɡǀǀxõa

Leeunes : ɡǀǀxòa

South Omatako : ɡ!xòa

North Omatako : ɡ!xòa

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xòa

Lister : ɡ!xòa

References : Dickens 214; Snyman 55; Snyman 1997: 49.

RefLex number: 541

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxũ

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to lay down, put down

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀǀxṹ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀǀxõ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀxúŋ ~ ǀǀxúŋ-a ~ ǀǀxúnna

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀxũ

Kavango : ɡǀǀxũ̋

References : Bleek 637; Dickens 217; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 60; Snyman 1980: 3.

RefLex number: 618

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀxuni

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to hit

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xùní "to hit (with a spear etc.); to flash, crack (of lightning)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xuni

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀxòlè "hurl an assegai"

References : Dickens 215; Snyman 55; Snyman 1980: 16.

RefLex number: 548

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀʰa

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ LM [k]

Meaning: to shelter (from the weather)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀʰá

Kavango : ɡǀàá "hut, shelter"

References : Dickens 204; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 287

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀʰa

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to hang, lay out (meat)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀʰà // ɡǀʰà (n5 -si) "place for drying meat"

Kavango : ɡǀʰà "sticks or branches to put meat on"

References : Dickens 204; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 288

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀoʔo

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: ostrich eggshell beads

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀòʔó (n5 -si) "ostrich eggshell beads, necklace or other item of jewellery made from these" // ɡǀòʔó-!úmí (n5 -si) "strand of ostrich eggshell beads"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀoʔo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀo ~ ɡǀɔ̀

Kavango : ɡǀòʔò

References : Bleek 280; Dickens 205; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 26.

RefLex number: 308

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀoa

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: a k. of tree (Combretum sp.)

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀòà (n3 -si) "combretum; wild coffee, Bauhinia petersiana (praise name)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀwa

References : Dickens 204; Snyman 49.

RefLex number: 301

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀoˤm̩

Meaning: knee

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀohm

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀgɔ̀m̀, gɔ̀m̀

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀòˤm̀ʔṁ

Kavango : ɡǀȍˤm̋ "kneecap"

Notes : Snyman's !O!Kung form may have been incorrectly transcribed (with a voiceless click instead of voiced).

References : Bleek 48, 281; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 42; Weich 18.

RefLex number: 3039

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀona

Meaning: malaria

Kavango : ɡǀȁnà

Tsintsabis : ɡǀòná

Okongo : ɡǀòná

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀàná "tremble" (?)

Notes : Unclear vocalism in Kavango (and Mpunguvlei, if the word really belongs here), probably through assimilation with the following -a (but cf. Kav. ɳǂhó^aná "fillip", etc., where the assimilation is only partial).

References : Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 81.

RefLex number: 3096

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀo₁

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to be stingy; deny someone something

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀò // ɡǀò-sí (n5 -si) "selfishness, stinginess"

Kavango : ɡǀù

Ekoka : ɡǀù

References : Dickens 204, 205; Heikkinen 1986; KH 130.

RefLex number: 300

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀu

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k]

Meaning: night

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀú (n5 -si) "night, darkness; lion (praise name)" // ɡǀú-ɳǂũ̏ʰ-xʼò-ǂʼùrì-sì (n2) "lion (praise name)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀu

Nogau : ɡǀu ~ du

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀù ~ ɡǀu

!Kung (Doke): ɡǀuː

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀu

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡǀú

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀű

Kavango : ɡǀű

References : Bleek 28, 282; Dickens 205; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 57; Snyman 1980: 45; Weich 18.

RefLex number: 309

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀui

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k]

Meaning: wood, thicket

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀúí (n5 -si) "wood, area with big trees" // ɡǀúí-!ʰáá (n5) "kudu (praise name)"

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀui

Kavango : ɡǀűi

References : Dickens 205; Heikkinen 1986; Weich 19.

RefLex number: 311

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀui

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: brown hyaena

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀȕìʰ (n2) "spotted hyaena" // ɡǀȕìʰ "to be hoarse" (with dohm "voice" as subject)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀwi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀwì

!Kung (Doke): ɡǀwi

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡǀui "spotted hyaena"

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀũĩ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : gwì ~ ɡǀwĩ

Kavango : ɡǀȕi ~ ǀȕi

Ekoka : ɡǀȕȉ

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $gui. Shortridge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): ɡǀui.

Notes : Class 1.

References : Bleek 283, 285, 688; Dickens 205; Heikkinen 1986; KH 130; Snyman 24; Weich 19.

RefLex number: 313

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀuma

Tonal pattern: HL [j] ~ HM [k]

Meaning: early morning

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀúmà (n5 -si) "early morning (before sunrise)"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀúma

!Kung (Doke): ɡǀuːma

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀuma !ʼo "day after tomorrow"

Kavango : ɡǀűmá "tomorrow" (E)

References : Bleek 283; Dickens 205; Heikkinen 1986; Weich 19.

RefLex number: 317

Proto-Ju: *ɡǀxã

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: bead (of plastic or glass)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǀxã̀ (n4)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǀxã

Tsumkwe : ɡǀxã́

Tsintsabis : ɡǀxã́

Leeunes : ɡǀxã́

South Omatako : ɡǀxã́

North Omatako : ɡǀxã́

References : Dickens 205; Snyman 58; Snyman 1997: 44.

RefLex number: 322