North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!ai

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: blue wildebeest

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!ȁȉʰ (n2) // ɡ!ȁȉʰ-ǀǀʼʰùú (n2 -si) "herd of blue wildebeest"; (n5 -si) "thigh" (?)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!ei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡ!ẽ̀ "wildebeest"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡ!ĭ́ "wildebeest"

!Kung (Weich): ɡ!ai

!O!Kung (Bleek) : gai ~ ɡ!è ~ ɡ!èì

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡ!āi

Kavango : ɡ!ȁi

Ekoka : ɡ!ȁi "eland"

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $gai "gnu".

References : Bleek 42, 381, 382, 687; Dickens 209; Heikkinen 1986; KH 130; Snyman 54; Snyman 1980: 34; Weich 20.

RefLex number: 417

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!̯aiŋ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: chin

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!ã̏ĩ̏ʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!ʰei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡ!ã̀ˤ ~ ɡǂẽ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀaŋ

!Kung (Doke): ɡ!̯ã "chin tip"

!Kung (Vedder): ɡ!̯jan

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀaŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡ!ã̀ŋ ~ ɡǀǀã̀ ~ ɡǀǀã̀ŋ

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀāŋ

Kavango : ɡǀǀȁŋ

Ekoka : ɡǀǀȁŋ

Tsumkwe : ɡ!ãi

Tsintsabis : ɡǀǀàŋ

Okongo : ɡǀǀàŋ

Leeunes : ɡ!̄àŋ

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀāŋ

Cuito : ɡǀǀāŋ

Cuando : ɡǀǀāŋ

South Omatako : ɡ!àŋ

North Omatako : ɡ!àŋ

Kameeldoring : ɡ!àŋ

Lister : ɡ!ãi

Notes : Class 4.

References : Bleek 374, 376, 505, 506, 522, 526, 646; Dickens 209; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 56; Snyman 1980: 16; Snyman 1997: 48; Weich 23.

RefLex number: 419

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!am

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: bed

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!ȁʰm (n3 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!em

!Kung (Weich): ɡ!am

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡ!àm

Kavango : ɡ!ȁm "put up" (?)

Ekoka : ɡ!ȁm

Notes : The Kavango form shows that the original meaning may have been verbal ("put up, lay out" > "bed"). Cf. also the external parallel in !Xóõ.

References : Dickens 209; Heikkinen 1986; KH 130; Snyman 71; Snyman 1980: 33; Weich 20.

RefLex number: 413

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!̯au

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: hand

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!áú (n5 -si) // ɡ!áú-dxùú-á (n2 -si) "bumps on the finger-nails"; ɡ!áú-ɡ!xùrì-čʰì-!ʼúá (n5 -si) "knuckle", etc.

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡ!au ~ ɡ!ou

Nogau : ɡ!ou // dou "finger" (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǀǀau

!Kung (Doke): ɡ!̯au

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǀǀyaˤŭ "finger"

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡ!aːusĭ // ɡǀǀaːu ~ ɡǀǀaːuʔaː "finger"

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀau

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡǀǀau ~ gàù

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀào

Kavango : ɡǀǀáo

Ekoka : ɡǀǀàò

Notes : Class 4.

References : Bleek 28, 44, 378, 387, 506, 528, 531; Dickens 210; Heikkinen 1986; KH 131; Snyman 1980: 40; Weich 23.

RefLex number: 443

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!ãũ

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k]

Meaning: a k. of acacia (hookthorn tree)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!ã́ṹ (n5 -si) // ɡ!ã́ṹ-ɡ!ȍˤ-mà, pl. ɡ!ã́ṹ-ɡ!ȍˤ-mʰí (n3) "food plant, Solanum kwebense, S. namaquense"; ɡ!ã́ṹ-ɡ!ú ~ ɡ!ã́ṹ-cʼí (n5 -si) "clump of hookthorn acacias"; ɡ!ã́ṹ-ǀǀȁˤnáxʼáí (n2) "red bishop, Euplectes orix" (?)

Kavango : ɡ!áo "thornbush species"

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $guŋ.

Notes : Irregular vocalic correspondences between Kavango and Juǀhoan.

References : Bleek 688; Dickens 210; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 449

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!̯e

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: puff-adder

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!áí (n2) // ɡ!áí-dónáhá / (n2 -si) "striped mongoose" (?)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!ei

!Kung (Doke): ɡ!̯ai

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡ!ai

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀaeʔe

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǀǀāè

Tsumkwe : ɡ!ái

Tsintsabis : ɡ!̄áe

Okongo : ɡǀǀàé

Leeunes : ɡ!̄àé

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀāè

Cuito : ɡǀǀāè

Cuando : ɡǀǀāè

South Omatako : ɡ!āè

North Omatako : ɡ!ái

Kameeldoring : ɡ!āè

Lister : ɡ!ái

References : Bleek 375, 505; Dickens 209; Snyman 54; Snyman 1980: 47; Snyman 1997: 48; Weich 21.

RefLex number: 414

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!ʰaŋi

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XM [e]

Meaning: tree; wood; stick

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !ã̏ĩ̀ʰ (n5 -si) // !ã̏ĩ̀ʰ-ɡ!ànì (n5 -si) "horizontally growing tree, woman's dance"; !ã̏ĩ̀ʰ-ɳǀȕù (n5 -si) "canoe, hollowed-out object made from wood"; !ã̏ĩ̀ʰ-ɳǂàˤ (n5 -si) "sapling, bush"; !ã̏ĩ̀ʰ-ɳ!úmí (n5 -si) "tree trunk", etc.

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!ʰẽĩ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !au ~ ɡ!ãĩ ~ ɡ!ã

!Kung (Lloyd) : !áŋ ~ !áŋ-a ~ !ãũ ~ !kʼãũ ~ !ʰã ~ ɡ!ăŋ

!Kung (Doke): ɡ!ãŋ

!Kung (Vedder): ɡ!ã̌ŋ

!Kung (Wilhelm): ɡ!ăŋ

!Kung (Weich): ɡ!ãũ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : gãũ ~ ɡ!ãũ ~ ɡ!ã

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡ!àŋ ~ ɡ!ã̋u

Ekoka : k!ȁʰŋ̄

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $kai.

References : Bleek 44, 374, 375, 376, 378, 407, 412, 423, 688; Dickens 310; KH 134; Snyman 3; Snyman 1980: 9, 53; Weich 21.

RefLex number: 2220

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!ʰo

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ HH [k] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to sit (pl. action)

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!ʰòó

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!ʼʰoo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡ!oː ~ !oː

!Kung (Lloyd) : !o ~ !ʰo

!O!Kung (Bleek) : !o

!O!Kung (Snyman): !ʰòo

Kavango : ɡ!ʰó

Ekoka : ɡ!ʰó

Tsumkwe : ɡ!ʰòó

Tsintsabis : ɡ!ʰòó

Okongo : !ʰòo

Leeunes : ɡ!ʰòò

Mpunguvlei : !ʰòo

Cuito : !ʰòo

Cuando : !ʰòo

South Omatako : ɡ!ʰòo

North Omatako : ɡ!ʰòo

Kameeldoring : ɡ!ʰòo

Lister : ɡ!ʰòo

References : Bleek 382, 427, 435; Dickens 211; Heikkinen 1984; KH 130; Snyman 56; Snyman 1980: 14; Snyman 1997: 49.

RefLex number: 461

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