North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!̯xʼũĩ

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to have an erection

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xʼũ̀ĩ́

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

Tsintsabis : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

Okongo : ǀǀxʼõ̀ĩ́

Leeunes : ɡǀǀxʼõ̀ĩ́

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀxʼõ̀ĩ́

South Omatako : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

North Omatako : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

Lister : ɡ!xʼõ̀ĩ́

References : Dickens 211; Snyman 1997: 50.

RefLex number: 472

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!xʼuri

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to turn inside out

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xʼùrì

Kavango : ɡ!xʼùrì

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xʼùrì

Tsintsabis : ǀǀʼàŋ-ɡ!xʼùrì

Okongo : !xʼùrì

Leeunes : !xʼùrì

Mpunguvlei : !xʼùrì

Cuito : !xʼùrì

Cuando : !xʼùrì

South Omatako : ɡ!xʼùrì

North Omatako : ɡ!xʼùrì

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xʼùrì

Lister : ɡ!xʼùrì

References : Dickens 211; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 50.

RefLex number: 474

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!xoa

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: knee

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xòà (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xwa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !wa-ɳǀí

!Kung (Lloyd) : !óä ~ !ʰŏä̆́

!Kung (Doke): !xwa

!Kung (Wilhelm): !óa ~ !oːoˤ "lower thigh"

Kavango : ɡ!xȍa

Ekoka : ɡ!xȍȁ

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xòa

Tsintsabis : ɡ!xòa

Okongo : !xòa

Leeunes : ɡ!xōa

Mpunguvlei : !xōa

Cuito : !xōa

Cuando : !xōa

South Omatako : ɡ!xòa

North Omatako : ɡ!xòa

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xōa

Lister : ɡ!xōa

Notes : Class 4.

References : Bleek 427, 437, 461, 503; Dickens 215; Heikkinen 1986; KH: 131; Snyman 55; Snyman 1997: 49.

RefLex number: 542

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!xom

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ LH [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: spotted, vari-coloured

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xóm

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xom

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xuḿm "spotted" // !ʰuḿm "variegated"

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xòm̀ʔṁ

Kavango : ɡ!xòm̋ "be mottled"

Ekoka : ɡ!xȍm

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xòm

Tsintsabis : ɡ!xóm

Okongo : ɡ!xóm

Leeunes : ɡ!xóm

Mpunguvlei : !xòm̀ḿ

Cuito : !xòm̀ḿ

Cuando : !xòm̀ḿ

South Omatako : ɡ!xòm

North Omatako : ɡ!xòm

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xòm

Lister : ɡ!xòm

Notes : The word is probably to be reconstructed with a "broken" tonal pattern (*ɡ!xòḿ), accounting for the "prolonged" resonant forms.

References : Bleek 430, 503; Dickens 215; Heikkinen 1986; KH: 131; Snyman 55; Snyman 1980: 54; Snyman 1997: 50.

RefLex number: 544

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!xu

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [k]

Meaning: to breathe loudly, gasp

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xú

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xu

Kavango : ɡ!xű "foam at mouth"

References : Dickens 215; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 55.

RefLex number: 545

Proto-Ju: *ɡ!xuni ~ *ɡ!xunu

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to snore

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡ!xùnì // ɡ!xùnì (n5 -si) "snoring"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡ!xuni ~ ɡ!xunu

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xunnu

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xùnù

Kavango : ɡ!xùnù

Ekoka : ɡ!xùnnù

Tsumkwe : ɡ!xúnú

Tsintsabis : ɡ!xúnú

Okongo : ɡ!xúnú

Leeunes : ɡ!xùnú

Mpunguvlei : !xùnù

Cuito : !xùnù

Cuando : !xùnù

South Omatako : ɡ!xùnù

North Omatako : ɡ!xùnì

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xùnú

Lister : ɡ!xùnú

References : Bleek 503; Dickens 215; Heikkinen 1986; KH: 131; Snyman 55; Snyman 1980: 14; Snyman 1997: 49.

RefLex number: 549

Proto-Ju: *go

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [e] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: flower

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gò (n5 -si) // gò "to flower, blossom"; gò-ɳǀȁˤnà (n3) "lily sp."

ǀǀAuǀǀen : goː

Nogau : gó

!Kung (Lloyd) : góː ~ gɔ́

!Kung (Weich): go

!O!Kung (Bleek) : gɔ̀

!O!Kung (Snyman): gò

Kavango : gȍ

Ekoka : gȍ

References : Bleek 47; Dickens 200; KH 129; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 38; Weich 16.

RefLex number: 222

Proto-Ju: *goʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to open the mouth

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gòʔá

!Kung (Lloyd) : gŏaː

Kavango : gȍʔȁ

Mpunguvlei : gòʔā

Cuito : gòʔā

Cuando : gòʔā

References : Bleek 47; Dickens 201; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 94.

RefLex number: 245

Proto-Ju: *goʔm

Tonal pattern: LX [j] ~ LH [k] ~ MH [e]

Meaning: gum, glue

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gòʔm (n5) // gòʔm-gòʔm "to glue together"; gòʔm-ɳǀáí-!ʼúá (n5 -si) "big lump of edible gum"; gòʔm-!òʔá-sì (n5) "place where much edible gum is found"

Kavango : gòʔm̋ "resin"

Ekoka : gōʔḿ "resin"

References : Dickens 201; Heikkinen 1986; KH 129.

RefLex number: 246

Proto-Ju: *goʔm

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to tan (skins)

Juǀʼhoan : gȍʔm

ǀǀAuǀǀen : gum "to rub (skin), to soften"

!Kung (Lloyd) : gguˤḿm

!Kung (Doke): gòm_ "to bray skins"

Kavango : gòʔm̀

Tsintsabis : gòḿʔḿ "to scour skin"

Okongo : gòḿʔḿ "to curry a skin"

Mpunguvlei : gòm̀ḿ "to scour skin"

Cuito : gòm̀ḿ "to scour skin"

Cuando : gòḿḿ "to scour skin"

References : Bleek 48, 50; Dickens 201; Snyman 1997: 88.

RefLex number: 247

Proto-Ju: *goa ~ *kʰoa

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to break (of something soft)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gòà

Kavango : kʰòa

Tsumkwe : gʰōa

Tsintsabis : kʰoa

Leeunes : kʰoa

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀàe kʰòa

Cuito : ǀǀàe kʰòa

South Omatako : gòa

North Omatako : gʰòa

Kameeldoring : gòa

Lister : gòa

References : Dickens 200; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 43.

RefLex number: 223

Proto-Ju: *goeʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: plant which is scraped to obtain moisture, Raphionacme burkei

Juǀʼhoan : gȍèʰ (n3) // gȍè-ǀȁˤʔànà (n5 -si) "Ammocharis coranica"

References : Dickens 201.

RefLex number: 229

Proto-Ju: *gogo-ro ~ *ɡ!o-ɡ!o

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: heel

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gògòró (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): gogoro

!Kung (Doke): !goʔo

!Kung (Weich): ɡ!oˤɡ!oˤ

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡ!òˤɡ!òˤ

References : Bleek 386; Dickens 201; Snyman 43; Snyman 1980: 9; Weich 21.

RefLex number: 231

Proto-Ju: *goˤʔm

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: dewlap, skin of the throat

Juǀʼhoan : gòˤʔm (n5 -si)

!O!Kung (Snyman): gòˤm̀ʔṁ

References : Dickens 201; Snyman 1980: 7.

RefLex number: 241

Proto-Ju: *goˤʔori ~ *ɳǀǀoˤʔoro

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to become weaker (of a sick person)

Juǀʼhoan : gòˤʔórí ~ ɳǀǀȍˤʔòrò

Kavango : ɳǀǀùʔùrì "to aggravate"

References : Dickens 201, 258; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 242

Proto-Ju: *goˤa

Tonal pattern: XL [j] ~ XM [e]

Meaning: long ago; yesterday

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gȍˤà ~ gȍˤà-hà "long ago, in the past" // gȍˤà-ǂʼã̀ "yesterday"; gȍàˤ-kà "these days, nowadays"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): gwaˤ

Ekoka : gȍhā "then"

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): goá, $goa "yesterday".

References : Bleek 47, 688; Dickens 201; KH 129; Snyman 23.

RefLex number: 224

Proto-Ju: *goˤbo

Tonal pattern: XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: to be angry, complain

Kavango : gȍˤbȍ

Ekoka : gȍˤbȍ

References : Heikkinen 1986; KH 130.

RefLex number: 3170

Proto-Ju: *goˤro

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ XX [k] ~ LL [Sn.]

Meaning: to rot (of the pith of a tree)

Juǀʼhoan : gòˤrò

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): goˤroˤ

!Kung (Weich): goˤlo "hole, hollow"

Kavango : gȍˤrȍ "tree hollow"

Mpunguvlei : gòˤlò "hole"

Cuito : gòˤlò "hole"

Cuando : gòˤlò "hole"

References : Dickens 201; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 18; Snyman 1997: 85; Weich 16.

RefLex number: 237

Proto-Ju: *goˤru

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: lizard, gecko

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : gòˤrú (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): goˤru

Nogau : dorub

!Kung (Lloyd) : górù ~ ŋgɔ́ru

!Kung (Wilhelm): gŏ́ruː

References : Bleek 28, 49, 146; Dickens 201; Snyman 42.

RefLex number: 238

Proto-Ju: *gom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to be irritated (e.g. of one's eye when dust enters it)

Juǀʼhoan : góm

References : Dickens 201.

RefLex number: 232