North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *!uru

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: quiver

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !ùrù (n5 -si) // !ùrù-cʼí-ɳǂõ̀ˤã́ (n5 -si) "thong by which a quiver is attached to its lid"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !uru

!Kung (Lloyd) : !órù ~ !ùru ~ !úru

!Kung (Doke): ɡ!̯uru

!Kung (Vedder): ɡ!ùrù

!Kung (Wilhelm): !ŭruː ~ ɡ!ŭ́ru

!O!Kung (Snyman): !ùlú

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $kuru.

Notes : Reconstructible for the PNK level, even if occasional reborrowing could take place from Central Khoisan sources. Particularly suspicious is the Doke-recorded form with the retroflex click (the latter cannot be archaic here since no variants with lateral reflexes are ever attested in the northern dialects).

References : Bleek 389, 443, 454, 506, 689; Dickens 318; Snyman 1980: 47.

RefLex number: 2391

Proto-Ju: *!xʼa

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: heart

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xʼá (n5 -si) "heart; in, among" // !xʼá-kʰúí (n5 -si) "grief"; !xʼá-tárò (n5 -si) "pericardium"; !xʼá-cʼí (n5 -si) "shoulder"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xʼa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !a

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xá ~ !xʼá, pl. !xʼá-ssiŋ

!Kung (Doke): !ʼa

!O!Kung (Bleek) : xʼa

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xʼá

Kavango : !xʼá

Tsumkwe : !xʼá

Tsintsabis : !xʼá

Okongo : !xʼá

Leeunes : !xʼá

Mpunguvlei : !xʼà

Cuito : !xʼà

Cuando : !xʼà

South Omatako : !xʼà

North Omatako : !xʼà

Kameeldoring : !xʼá

Lister : !xʼá

References : Bleek 118, 369, 402, 496, 507; Dickens 314; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 55; Snyman 1980: 10; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2292

Proto-Ju: *!̯xʼau

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k]

Meaning: dry

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xʼáú "be dry, be stiff (of one's muscles)" // (n5 -si) "dryness, drought"; !xʼáú-á "to be empty"; !xʼáú-!xʼáú ~ !xʼá-!xʼá "to dry off"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xʼeu

!Kung (Lloyd) : !̯áo ~ ǀǀắo ~ ǀǀào ~ ǀǀxʼắo ~ ǀǀxʼáo

!Kung (Doke): !̯ʼau

!Kung (Vedder): xʼáo

Kavango : ǀǀxʼáo

Tsumkwe : !xʼáu

Tsintsabis : ǀǀxʼáo

Okongo : ǀǀxʼáo

Leeunes : !xʼào

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀxʼáo

Cuito : ǀǀxʼáo

Cuando : ǀǀxʼáo

South Omatako : !xʼào

North Omatako : !xʼáu

Kameeldoring : !xʼáu

Lister : !xʼáu

References : Bleek 119, 470, 505, 558, 603; Dickens 314; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 55; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2302

Proto-Ju: *!xʼui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: hair

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xʼúí (n5 -si) // !xʼúí-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si) "colour"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xʼoi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !xʼwe, pl. !xʼweː-si ~ !xʼwi, pl. !xʼwi-si ~ !wi ~ !ui-si

Nogau : !ʰoi

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xwé, pl. !xʼwé-ssiŋ ~ !xʼwī ~ !xʼwí, pl. !xʼwi-ssiŋ

!Kung (Doke): !xʼwì

!O!Kung (Bleek) : !wi ~ xʼwi

Tsumkwe : !xʼúi

Tsintsabis : !xʼúi

Okongo : !xʼúi

Leeunes : !xʼúi

Mpunguvlei : !xʼúi

Cuito : !xʼúi

Cuando : !xʼúi

South Omatako : !xʼói

North Omatako : !xʼói

Kameeldoring : !xʼói

Lister : !xʼúi

Notes : Cf. also //Au//en $kui 'beard' (P.)?

References : Bleek 128, 427, 450, 466, 469, 510, 689; Dickens 315; Snyman 22; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2314

Proto-Ju: *!xo

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: pipe

Juǀʼhoan : !xò (n3 -si) // !xò-ɳǀáí (n5 -si) "bowl of pipe"; !xò-!ámí (n5 -si) "pipe-stem"; (?) !xò-kʰòè (n2 -si) "trumpeter hornbill, Bycanistes bucinator"; (?) !xó-ɳ!ʰùì (n2) "hornbill sp."; (?) !xó-xámà (n3) "plant sp., Raphionacme burkei", etc.

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xo

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !xo

Nogau : !ʰo

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xó

!Kung (Doke): !xôː "stone tobacco pipe"

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xó

Tsumkwe : !xō

Tsintsabis : !xòó

Okongo : !xòó

Leeunes : ɡ!xò

Mpunguvlei : !xò

Cuito : !xò

Cuando : !xòó

South Omatako : !xò

North Omatako : !xò

Kameeldoring : !xò

Lister : !xò

References : Bleek 427, 500; Dickens 320; Snyman 55; Snyman 1980: 10; Snyman 1997: 93.

RefLex number: 2425

Proto-Ju: *!xoe

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to chase, drive out

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xòè // !xòè-!xòè "to chase continually, for a long time"; (?) !xòé-!ã́ "to go looking (for a wife)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xwe

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !xwe

!Kung (Lloyd) : !wè ~ !xé

!Kung (Doke): !ʰe-ya

!O!Kung (Bleek) : !we ~ !xwe

Tsumkwe : !xòe

Tsintsabis : !xòe

Okongo : !xòe

Leeunes : !xóe

Mpunguvlei : !xóe

Cuito : !xóe

Cuando : !xóe

South Omatako : !xòe

North Omatako : !xòe

Kameeldoring : ɡ!xòe

Lister : !xòe

References : Bleek 432, 462, 503-4; Dickens 320; Snyman 23; Snyman 1997: 93.

RefLex number: 2429

Proto-Ju: *!xona ~ *!xuni

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to live, reside

Juǀʼhoan : !xóáná ~ !xúní // !xóáná-sí (n5 -si) "settlement, place where one resides"; !xúní-á "to live at, reside at, settle at"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xwana

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !xonna ~ !xonne ~ !xwonna ~ !ona ~ !one

!Kung (Vedder): ɡ!ònì

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xòlè

Kavango : !xűni̋ "to stay a long time"

Tsumkwe : !xúní

Tsintsabis : !xúní

Okongo : !xúní

Leeunes : !xúní

Mpunguvlei : !xúní ~ !xole

Cuito : !xólé

Cuando : !xólé

South Omatako : !xúní

North Omatako : !xúní

Kameeldoring : !xúní

Lister : !xòná

References : Bleek 386, 442, 501; Dickens 320; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 17; Snyman 1980: 48; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2427

Proto-Ju: *!Xũã

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MH [k]

Meaning: man

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !ʼʰṍã́ (n1)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !ʼʰwã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !wã ~ !wã̀ˤ // ɳ!wa "man" (?)

!Kung (Lloyd) : !ũ̀ ~ !ŭ̀ ~ !ùŋ ~ !ʰũ̌́

!Kung (Doke): !ʰũː

!Kung (Vedder): !ũː

!Kung (Wilhelm): !uŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : !ũ

!O!Kung (Snyman): !xũ̇

Kavango : !xṹũ̋

Tsumkwe : !ʼʰṍã

Tsintsabis : !̯ʼʰṍã

Leeunes : !ʼʰõ̀ã

North Omatako : !ʼʰõ̀ã ~ !ʼʰõá

Lister : !ʼʰõ̀ã

Notes : A unique case of Northern *-x- corresponding to South and Central *-ʼʰ-; so unique, in fact, that two different roots could have been supposed. However, the interesting thing is that the Bleek-provided !Kung forms (!kũ, !khũ) are hardly regular correspondences to Snyman's !O!Kung !xũ, either; in case of an original *-x-, there is no doubt that some !Kung forms at least would be recorded as *!xũ, which they were not. This, in turn, presupposes three different roots with the same meaning, all in complementary distribution among different dialects - rather surreal. Less surreal is to suppose a special "weird" efflux and wait for more supportive evidence to come along.

References : Bleek 430, 447, 458, 487; Dickens 323; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 32; Snyman 1980: 44; Snyman 1997: 72, 94.

RefLex number: 2498

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