North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *!̯xui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: tail

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xúí (n5 -si) // !xúí-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si) "coccyx"; !xúí-!xʼúí-sì (n5) "tail-hairs"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !ʰwí ~ ǂwi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀʰwé ~ ǀǀxʼwè ~ ǀǀxʼwé ~ ǀǀxwé ~ !̯ʰwé

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀwé

Kavango : ǀǀxóe

Tsumkwe : !xúi

Tsintsabis : ǀǀxóe

Okongo : ǀǀxóe

Leeunes : !xòe

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀxóe

Cuito : ǀǀxóe

Cuando : ǀǀxóe

South Omatako : !xòe

North Omatako : !xòi

Kameeldoring : !xòe

Lister : !xúi

References : Bleek 433, 470, 579, 599, 610, 639, 667; Dickens 320; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 93.

RefLex number: 2439

Proto-Ju: *i

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: you (pl.)

Juǀʼhoan : ì ~ ì-!á // ì-cá "you two"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): i ~ i-!a

ǀǀAuǀǀen : i ~ i-!ã̄ // emph. ihi

!Kung (Lloyd) : i

!Kung (Vedder): i

!Kung (Weich): i

!O!Kung (Bleek) : i // emph. ihi

Kavango : yà

Ekoka : ì ~ yà

References : Bleek 67; Dickens 220; Heikkinen 1986; KH 132; Snyman 86; Weich 28.

RefLex number: 655

Proto-Ju: *jalo (?)

Meaning: blood

!O!Kung (Bleek) : jalo, jalu

!O!Kung (Snyman): yàlò, yűlà

Notes : Borrowing from an unknown source?

References : Bleek 72; Snyman 1980: 34.

RefLex number: 3132

Proto-Ju: *ka

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: now; then (in narrative past)

Juǀʼhoan : kà

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ka

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ka

!Kung (Lloyd) : ka

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ka

Kavango : kã̀ã́ˤ "then"

Tsumkwe : kã̀a-ǀʼʰõ̀ã

Tsintsabis : kã̀á-ǀʼʰõ̀ã

Leeunes : kāa-ǀʼʰõà

Mpunguvlei : kà àŋ

Cuito : kà àŋ

Cuando : kà àŋ

South Omatako : kà àŋ

North Omatako : kã̀a-ǀʼʰõ̀ã

Kameeldoring : kã̀a-ǀʼʰõ̀ã

References : Bleek 74; Dickens 223; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 42; Snyman 1997: 53.

RefLex number: 684

Proto-Ju: *ka

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: if

Juǀʼhoan : ká "if; and" // ká-má "when"; ká-má-há "early, first"; kè-sĩ́ ~ kè-tá ~ kè-tí ~ kò- sĩ́ ~ kó-tá ~ kò-tí "and"

Ekoka : kā "when, if, since" // kā-ē "because, since", etc.

References : Dickens 223, 225; KH 132.

RefLex number: 685

Proto-Ju: *ka

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: it, they, them (3rd person pr.)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ká // káà-kè "this (thing) (dem pron n5)"; káà-tȍʔà "that (thing), when (at that time which) (dem pron n5)"

Kavango : ká

References : Dickens 223; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 686

Proto-Ju: *kã

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: wild grape, Lannea edulis glabrescens, Lannea zastrowiana

Juǀʼhoan : kã̏ã̀-kã̏ã̀-šé (n3)

References : Dickens 223.

RefLex number: 688

Proto-Ju: *kãʔĩ

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to melt, dissolve

Juǀʼhoan : kã̀ʔĩ́

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): keʔĩ

Kavango : kã̀ʔìyà "dry up"

References : Dickens 225; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 33.

RefLex number: 738

Proto-Ju: *kabi

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ HH [e]

Meaning: to inspect, check

Juǀʼhoan : kábí

Ekoka : kábí "look for"

References : Dickens 223; KH 133.

RefLex number: 689

Proto-Ju: *kaeˤ

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: marula tree

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kàˤé "marula, Sclerocarya caffra; arrow poison (made from beetle larvae found under marula trees)" // kàéˤ-čʼù (n5 -si) "cocoon of a poisonous beetle larva commonly found under marula trees"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kaˤe

Kavango : kȁrȕ (?)

References : Dickens 224; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 22.

RefLex number: 712

Proto-Ju: *kaˤ

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LM [e]

Meaning: already, now, a little while ago

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kàˤá ~ kàˤá-há // kàˤá-ǀʼʰõ̏ã̀ "just now, just"

Kavango : kã̀ã́ˤ "then"

References : Dickens 224; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 710

Proto-Ju: *kãʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k]

Meaning: to do in secret; to be deceitful

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kã̏ã̏ʰ

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kʰãã "to hide something"

Kavango : kã̏wã̏ "to lurk"

Tsumkwe : kãà

Tsintsabis : kãà

Leeunes : kãà

South Omatako : kãà

North Omatako : kãà

Kameeldoring : kãà

Lister : kãà

References : Dickens 223; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 29; Snyman 1997: 53.

RefLex number: 687

Proto-Ju: *Kai

Meaning: poison caterpillar

!Kung (Lloyd) : gáï̀, káï̀

References : Bleek 42, 77.

RefLex number: 3068

Proto-Ju: *kãĩ

Meaning: beautiful

Ekoka : kã̀ˤi̋ "be good"

Tsintsabis : kãí

Okongo : kãí

Leeunes : kĩ̀í

Mpunguvlei : kã̀í

Cuando : kã̀i

References : Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 3089

Proto-Ju: *kãĩ ~ *!ai

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: good

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !àì-sí

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !ãĩ

!Kung (Doke): gãĩ (?)

!Kung (Vedder): gãĩ (?)

!Kung (Wilhelm): gai (?)

Kavango : kã̀ĩ̋ˤ (?)

Ekoka : kã̄hĩ́ (?)

Notes : The forms with the alveolar click may actually represent (re)borrowings from Khoekhoe.

References : Bleek 42, 405; Dickens 310; Heikkinen 1986; KH 133.

RefLex number: 2224

Proto-Ju: *kam

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ LH [k]

Meaning: to collapse (of building, etc.)

Juǀʼhoan : kȁmm

Kavango : kàm̋ "break down"

References : Dickens 224; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 702

Proto-Ju: *kana

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k]

Meaning: to twirl (bowstring)

Juǀʼhoan : kànà "to plait (rope)" // kànà (n5 -si) "plaiting"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kana ~ ǀǀana

!Kung (Lloyd) : káˤna

Kavango : kànà "spin strands into thread"

Tsumkwe : kànà

Tsintsabis : kànà

Okongo : kànà

Leeunes : kaˤna ~ kànà

Mpunguvlei : kana ~ kànà ~ kálá

Cuito : kala ~ kálá

Cuando : kala ~ kálá

South Omatako : kàˤnà

North Omatako : kàˤnà

Kameeldoring : kàˤnà

Lister : kànà

References : Bleek 80, 556; Dickens 224; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1997: 53, 63.

RefLex number: 704

Proto-Ju: *kare

Tonal pattern: LL [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: to want, desire

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : kàrè

Kavango : kàrè

Ekoka : kàlè

Tsumkwe : kàrè

Tsintsabis : kàrè

Okongo : kàlè

Leeunes : kàrè

Mpunguvlei : kàlè

Cuito : kàlè

Cuando : kèlè

South Omatako : kàrè

North Omatako : kàrè

Kameeldoring : kàrè ~ kèrè

References : Dickens 225; Heikkinen 1986; KH 132; Snyman 1997: 54.

RefLex number: 726

Proto-Ju: *kʰaba

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e]

Meaning: to go down, climb down

Juǀʼhoan : kʰábá

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kʰaba

!Kung (Lloyd) : kabba

Kavango : kʰábá

Ekoka : kʰābā "move to"

Tsumkwe : kʰábá

Tsintsabis : kʰábá

Okongo : kʰábá

Leeunes : kʰábá

Mpunguvlei : kʰàbá

Cuito : kʰàbá

References : Bleek 76; Dickens 226; Heikkinen 1986; KH 133; Snyman 36; Snyman 1997: 54.

RefLex number: 741

Proto-Ju: *kʰaru

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to load off, climb off, climb down, get off

Juǀʼhoan : kʰàrú // kʰàrú (n3 -si) "place where one unloads, off-loading place"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): kʰeru

ǀǀAuǀǀen : àˤru "to get down, fall" (??)

!Kung (Lloyd) : káru

!Kung (Vedder): karù

!Kung (Wilhelm): kăru "dismount"

Cuando : kʰàrú

South Omatako : kʰárú

North Omatako : kʰárú

Kameeldoring : kʰárú

Lister : kʰàrú

References : Bleek 11, 82; Dickens 226; Snyman 48; Snyman 1997: 54.

RefLex number: 748